[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.34,0:00:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.45,0:00:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) These days, \Nyou hear music all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.18,0:00:09.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wakes us up, motivates our workouts,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.63,0:00:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeps us company on our commutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.75,0:00:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't matter\Nwhat kind of music it is,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.83,0:00:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,music itself has the ability\Nto affect our moods and our bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.46,0:00:19.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all sorts of ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.41,0:00:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We nod our heads, we sway, dance.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.37,0:00:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music can give us chills,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.73,0:00:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even make us cry.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.15,0:00:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music activates every area\Nof the brain that we have so far mapped.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.100,0:00:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there's no area\Nof the brain we know about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.05,0:00:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that music doesn't touch in some way.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.11,0:00:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what's behind all that?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.54,0:00:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What exactly does music do to us?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.16,0:00:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To find out, I went\Nto a whole series of tests
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.45,0:00:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designed to measure my responses to music.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.82,0:00:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met some kids whose brains\Nmay actually be changing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.47,0:00:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thanks to those hours\Nof learning, practice, and performing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.75,0:00:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spoke with a therapist who used music
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.09,0:00:53.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help former congresswoman\NGabrielle Giffords
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.39,0:00:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn to speak again,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.07,0:00:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and got a glimpse inside the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.26,0:00:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a two-time winning artist\Nwhile he played...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.26,0:01:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,( )
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.94,0:01:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...all to find out how music affects us.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.64,0:01:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.77,0:01:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's going on\Nwhen we listen to music?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.17,0:01:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We visited the USC Brain\Nand Creativity Institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.37,0:01:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where I had my head examined, literally,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.99,0:01:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to figure it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.15,0:01:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to go into this [FMRI] machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.29,0:01:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a tiny tube will surround me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.20,0:01:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll get a baseline reading of my brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.54,0:01:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I'm going to listen\Nto some music.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.27,0:01:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to see how my brain responds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.57,0:01:28.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just close your eyes, relax,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.65,0:01:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try and get into the music\Nas best you can, okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.80,0:01:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.39,0:01:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's what we saw.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.37,0:01:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are scans of my brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.82,0:01:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The areas in red are where\Nmy activity is above average;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.47,0:01:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in blue, below average.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.74,0:01:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see, \Nthere is red activity all over my brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.04,0:01:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just in one specific area.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.06,0:01:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty-five years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.27,0:01:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea was that language\Nis on the left side of the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.31,0:01:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and music is in\Nthe right side of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.34,0:01:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now that we've got\Nbetter quality tools,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.32,0:01:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,higher resolution neuro-imaging\Nand better experimental methods,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.80,0:02:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've discovered that's not at all right.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.52,0:02:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does that play out\Nin different regions of the brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.82,0:02:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When music enters\Nand then gets shuttled off
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.14,0:02:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to different parts of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.36,0:02:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it stops at specialized processing units\Nin auditory cortex,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.59,0:02:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they track loudness and pitch and rhythm
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.89,0:02:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and [tambour] and things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.16,0:02:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's visual cortex activation\Nwhen you're reading music as a musician
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.16,0:02:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or watching music,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.60,0:02:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motor cortex\Nwhen you're tapping your feet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.64,0:02:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snapping your fingers, clapping you hands;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.99,0:02:27.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cerebellum which mediates\Nthe emotional responses;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.61,0:02:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the memory and the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.12,0:02:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hearing a familiar passage,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.96,0:02:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finding it somewhere in your memory banks.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.03,0:02:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music is going on\Nin both halves of your brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.41,0:02:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the left and the right,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.39,0:02:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the front and the back,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.36,0:02:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the inside and the outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.43,0:02:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.09,0:02:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) So what about a musician's brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.38,0:02:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To play a piece of music\Nengages so many things:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.34,0:02:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motor systems, timing systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.17,0:02:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,memory systems, hearing systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.41,0:02:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's all sorts\Nof brain activity happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.42,0:03:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very robust thing to play music.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.11,0:03:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.88,0:03:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Alex Jacob Robertson.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.06,0:03:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Nathan Glenn Robertson.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.54,0:03:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked these 11-year old musicians
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.44,0:03:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell us what's going through\Ntheir minds when they play.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.79,0:03:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the most important things\Nare I think good postures,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.64,0:03:16.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting the note right,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.41,0:03:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legato, staccato.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.21,0:03:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(violin)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.74,0:03:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the violin, you need to hold\Nyour hand at the right place,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.99,0:03:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need to be in tune,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.31,0:03:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you also have to have\Nnot only the right intonation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.82,0:03:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the right sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.34,0:03:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you also need\Nto have great vibrato.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.88,0:03:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's lot of things to think about.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.09,0:03:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(violin)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.46,0:03:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) Back at USC,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.18,0:03:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,researchers have been studying kids\Nwho play music over the past five years
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.32,0:03:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see how it affects their development.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.61,0:03:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The multi-tasking areas of their brains\Nunderstandable lit up,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.34,0:03:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they've seen other results too.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.23,0:03:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music training\Nover the course of five years
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.94,0:03:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has had benefits in cognitive skills\Nand decision making,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.68,0:03:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also had some benefits in social behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.41,0:04:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've also seen changes\Nin the associated brain structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.78,0:04:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) Did you hear that?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.09,0:04:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Changes in brain structures!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.83,0:04:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They found that the brains of children\Nwho have studied music
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.04,0:04:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have stronger connections\Nbetween the left and right hemispheres,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.96,0:04:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that can make them better,\Nmore creative problem solvers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.44,0:04:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.06,0:04:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(emotional music)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.94,0:04:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you hear a piece like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.44,0:04:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's easy to understand why emotions\Nplay such a big part in music.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.71,0:04:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This song by Camille Saint-Saëns is known\Nas the music for the dying swan in ballet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.11,0:04:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While it might move ballerinas to dance,\Nit inspires different reactions in others.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.42,0:04:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,( )
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.82,0:04:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people get goosebumps, chills.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.69,0:04:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That weird tingly sensation that you get
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.36,0:04:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a great piece of music\Njust hits you in the right way?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.19,0:04:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called frisson, \Nand not everyone gets it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.61,0:04:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it turns out I do.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.34,0:04:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we're going to have you listen\Nto some pieces of music.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.92,0:04:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.51,0:05:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you experience a chill, if you do,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.39,0:05:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to just press this space bar
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.76,0:05:03.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we have an indication
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.71,0:05:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of when those peak moments\Nof enjoyment are happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.36,0:05:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.99,0:05:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Matt Sachs, a PhD candidate at USC,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.09,0:05:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wired me up to measure\Nmy physiological response.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.23,0:05:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I'm feeling\Nthat emotional connection
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.87,0:05:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has a physical manifestation,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.09,0:05:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll see what my body is actually doing?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.53,0:05:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exactly.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.41,0:05:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(dramatic music)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.41,0:05:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, how was that?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.76,0:05:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was-- that had a lot of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.28,0:05:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got them all.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.01,0:05:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now full disclosure:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.98,0:05:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in the day, I played the cello,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.78,0:05:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which might have something to do\Nwith why that particular song affected me.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.04,0:05:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nice hair!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.01,0:05:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it turns out the brain\Nis at work here too.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.60,0:05:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We processed the difference\Nbetween this pathway
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.88,0:05:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that connects the auditory regions\Nis on the side of the brain here,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.14,0:05:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the emotional regions,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.53,0:05:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we showed that the tract\Nactually that connects those two regions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.58,0:05:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is stronger,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.60,0:05:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's more fibers in that region\Nin the people who get chills.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.64,0:06:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) Which means\Nthat some people's brains
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.01,0:06:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might have better communication
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.96,0:06:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between what they hear and how they feel.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.40,0:06:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The music itself also plays\Na role in frisson.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.66,0:06:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sachs uses different songs in his lectures\Nto see if students get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.23,0:06:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll say raise your hand\Nwhen you get a chill
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.62,0:06:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll play a piece of music, \Na classical piece,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.13,0:06:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe half the people will get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.83,0:06:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) Then he plays this..
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.56,0:06:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,( )
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.89,0:06:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rolling Stone's Give me Shelter.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.78,0:06:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever seen the movie\N{\i1}20 Feet from Stardom{\i0}?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.64,0:06:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The documentary about back up singers?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.92,0:06:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.65,0:06:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a part where they isolate\Nthe vocals from Give me Shelter.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.21,0:06:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ ( ) ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.01,0:06:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I play that,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.69,0:06:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 90% of the people experience chills,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.58,0:06:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of independent of where I go.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.24,0:06:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to tell you, bringing that up\Nmade me think about it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.03,0:06:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I got that little kind of thing\Nat the back of my neck.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.44,0:06:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) But why would that happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.72,0:06:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The high pitched notes that she hit\Nalmost sounds like a scream
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.13,0:06:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's very important ancestrally for us
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.66,0:06:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to pay attention to a scream,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.14,0:06:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,figure out what's going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.60,0:06:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and either run or fight, \Nwhatever we need to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.03,0:07:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) So how come\Nthat manifests as pleasure?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.01,0:07:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well it's because our pre-frontal cortex,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.21,0:07:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more rational, thinking part\Nof the brain kicks in.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.78,0:07:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you realize very quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.39,0:07:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after you have\Nthis really quick startle reflex,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.11,0:07:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's nothing actually threatening\Nabout the piece of music,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.76,0:07:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're sitting in a safe space\Nwith your headphones on,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.83,0:07:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's in that reappraisal
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.49,0:07:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we tend to think\Nof the pleasure responses emerging.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.36,0:07:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And whether you find listening to music\Nso pleasurable you get chills
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.58,0:07:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you absolutely despise a song,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.26,0:07:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can produce absolutely\Nfascinating effects in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.38,0:07:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to [Levitan], music we enjoy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.36,0:07:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,triggers the brain's\Ninternal opioid system--
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.95,0:07:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yes, opioid system.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.40,0:07:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just like the opioids\Nthat come in pill form
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.61,0:07:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these chemicals make you feel good\Nand help relieve pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.36,0:07:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And music you don't like? \NWell, that releases cortisol,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.13,0:07:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the notorious stress hormone.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.63,0:07:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's not even the half of what music\Ncan do in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.56,0:07:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you turn on the lights?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.81,0:07:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) When former Congresswomen\NGabrielle Giffords
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.56,0:07:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was shot in 2011
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.20,0:08:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the left side of her brain\Nwas severely damaged,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.38,0:08:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving her struggling to speak,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.96,0:08:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a condition called aphasia.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.76,0:08:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gabby, are you frustrated?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.08,0:08:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) But to get an idea
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.98,0:08:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of just how powerful\Nmusic's effect on the brain can be,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.86,0:08:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watch this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.08,0:08:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.23,0:08:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(together) This little light of mine\NI'm gonna let it shine.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.66,0:08:22.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) That word that she'd been\Nstruggling to say, "light,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.61,0:08:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came easily in song.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.56,0:08:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would she be able to sing a word\Nwhen she's unable to say it?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.39,0:08:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we know about the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.03,0:08:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the left hemisphere\Ncontrols language,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.38,0:08:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are many\Nother parts of the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.90,0:08:41.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have music access.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.21,0:08:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music therapist Maegan Morrow's job
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.03,0:08:46.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to help patients use\Nthose other pathways to regain language.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.91,0:08:49.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes I compare it\Nto being in traffic,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.71,0:08:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can't move any further,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.29,0:08:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you might need to exit\Nand take the feeder road
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.43,0:08:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get you to your destination.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.91,0:09:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So music is basically\Nlike that feeder road
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.74,0:09:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the new destination.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.11,0:09:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) Like a detour.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.28,0:09:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we know that music\Ncan help us relearn things like speech
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.86,0:09:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by accessing alternative\Npathways in the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.41,0:09:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that learning to play music\Ncan help strengthen brain connections.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.56,0:09:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what about making music?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.21,0:09:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make music is like--
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.96,0:09:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the language of humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.63,0:09:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No matter where I go in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.34,0:09:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I'm playing something,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.81,0:09:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't matter if someone\Ncan't speak the language--
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.53,0:09:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they're into it, they're into it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.81,0:09:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) This is Xavier Dphrepaulezz,\Nbetter known as Fantastic Negrito.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.38,0:09:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We brought him to UCSF\Nto meet Charles Limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.06,0:09:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a neuroscientist\Nwho studies musical creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.58,0:09:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Duffler's up next.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.68,0:09:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) To understand\Nhow Fantastic Negrito's brain works
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.04,0:09:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when making music,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.15,0:09:46.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Limb had him play on of his songs\Nwhile going through the fMRI.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.71,0:09:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Fantastic Negrito singing)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.11,0:09:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) So how did his brain respond?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.21,0:09:57.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The areas that process sensory\Nand motor skills, along with sounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.15,0:09:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lit up.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.96,0:09:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see them here in red and yellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.84,0:10:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Makes sense, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.21,0:10:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here's the really interesting part.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.91,0:10:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Limb asked him to improvise
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.40,0:10:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see what happens when he's creating\Nsomething totally original.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.43,0:10:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Fantastic Negrito singing)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.61,0:10:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now watch what happens to his brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.93,0:10:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stop!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.63,0:10:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.26,0:10:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now watch what happens to his brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.42,0:10:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The areas that were active before,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.88,0:10:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ones that deal\Nwith motor skills and sounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.62,0:10:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are even more active.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.06,0:10:29.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But see how there's way more blue\Nin the front of his brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.61,0:10:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the pre-frontal cortex,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.06,0:10:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's associated\Nwith effortful planning
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.98,0:10:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and conscience self-monitoring,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.75,0:10:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's blue because it's less active.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.20,0:10:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see that the pre-frontal cortex
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.44,0:10:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appears to be really shutting down\Nin these moments of high creativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.28,0:10:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of like letting of of these conscious\Nself-censoring or self-monitoring areas
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.48,0:10:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that normally are there\Nto help control our output.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.71,0:10:52.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) And Limb says\Nit's about more than just letting go.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.100,0:10:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You view it\Nfrom a perspective of survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.13,0:10:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If human beings only could do\Nmemorized route responses,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.06,0:11:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd be long gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.55,0:11:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not just the thing that happens\Nin clubs and in jazz bars,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.36,0:11:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually maybe\Nthe most fundamental form
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.90,0:11:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what it means to be human,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.38,0:11:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with new ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.50,0:11:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(singing)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.46,0:11:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Peter) So music is so much more\Nthan notes on a page.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.46,0:11:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can change the way we think\Nand speak and feel.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.43,0:11:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But is there a limit\Nto what science can tell us about music?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.70,0:11:26.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just when I discovered\Nthe answer to one thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.100,0:11:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,five new questions pop up\Nthat are more interesting than the first,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.89,0:11:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've gained an appreciation
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.41,0:11:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for how complex the music-making\Nand music-listening system is.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.28,0:11:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not demystified for me at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.29,0:11:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's more mysterious than ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.59,0:11:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(singing)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.74,0:11:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(applause)