[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(narrator) These days, \Nyou hear music all the time.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wakes us up, motivates our workouts,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeps us company on our commutes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't matter\Nwhat kind of music it is,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,music itself has the ability\Nto affect our moods and our bodies
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all sorts of ways.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We nod our heads, we sway, dance.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music can give us chills,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even make us cry.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music activates every area\Nof the brain that we have so far mapped.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there's no area\Nof the brain we know about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that music doesn't touch in some way.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what's behind all that?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What exactly does music do to us?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To find out, I went to a whole series of tests
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designed to measure my responses to music.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met some kids whose brains\Nmay actually be changing,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thanks to those hours\Nof learning, practice, and performing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spoke with a therapist who used music
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help former congresswoman\NGabrielle Giffords
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn to speak again,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and got a glimpse inside the brain
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a two-time winning artist\Nwhile he played...
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,( )
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...all to find out how music affects us.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's going on\Nwhen we listen to music?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We visited the USC Brain\Nand Creativity Institute,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where I had my head examined, literally,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to figure it out.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to go into this [FMRI] machine,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a tiny tube will surround me.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll get a baseline reading of my brain,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I'm going to listen\Nto some music.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to see how my brain responds.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just close your eyes, relax,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try and get into the music\Nas best you can, okay?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's what we saw.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are scans of my brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The areas in red are where\Nmy activity is above average;
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in blue, below average.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see, \Nthere is red activity all over my brain,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just in one specific area.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty-five years ago,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea was that language\Nis on the left side of the brain
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and music is in\Nthe right side of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now that we've got\Nbetter quality tools,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,higher resolution neuro-imaging\Nand better experimental methods,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've discovered that's not at all right.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does that play out\Nin different regions of the brain?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When music enters\Nand then gets shuttled off
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to different parts of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it stops at specialized processing units\Nin auditory cortex,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they track loudness and pitch and rhythm
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and [tambour] and things like that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's visual cortex activation\Nwhen you're reading music as a musician
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or watching music,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motor cortex\Nwhen you're tapping your feet,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snapping your fingers, clapping you hands;
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cerebellum which mediates\Nthe emotional responses;
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the memory and the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hearing a familiar passage,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finding it somewhere in your memory banks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music is going on\Nin both halves of your brain,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the left and the right,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the front and the back,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the inside and the outside.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what about a musicians's brain?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To play a piece of music\Nengages so many things:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motor systems, timing systems,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,memory systems, hearing systems.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's all sorts\Nof brain activity happening.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very robust thing to play music.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ (music) ♪
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Alex Jacob Robertson.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Nathan Glenn Robertson.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked these 11-year old musicians
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell us what's going through\Ntheir minds when they play.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the most important things\Nare I think good postures,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting the note right,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legato, staccato.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[violin playing]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the violin, you need to hold\Nyour hand at the right place,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need to be in tune,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you also have to have\Nnot only the right intonation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the right sound,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you also need\Nto have great vibrato.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's lot of things to think about.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[violin playing]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(narrator) Back at USC,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,researchers have been studying kids\Nwho play music over the past five years
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see how it affects their development.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The multi-tasking areas of their brains\Nunderstandable lit up,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they've seen other results too.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music training\Nover the course of five years
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has had benefits in cognitive skills\Nand decision making,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also had some benefits in social behavior,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've also seen changes\Nin the associated brain structures.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(narrator) Did you hear that?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Changes in brain structures!
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They found that the brains of children\Nwho have studied music
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have stronger connections\Nbetween the left and right hemispheres,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that can make them better,\Nmore creative problem solvers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's emotion.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[emotional music]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you hear a piece like this,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's easy to understand why emotions\Nplay such a big part in music.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This song by Camille Saint-Saëns is known\Nas the music for the dying swan in ballet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While it might move ballerinas to dance,\Nit inspires different reactions in others.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,( )
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people get goosebumps, chills.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That weird tingly sensation that you get
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a great piece of music\Njust hits you in the right way?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called frisson, \Nand not everyone gets it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it turns out I do.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we're going to have you listen\Nto some pieces of music.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you experience a chill, if you do,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to just press this space bar
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we have an indication
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of when those peak moments\Nof enjoyment are happening.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Matt Sachs, a PhD candidate at USC,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wired me up to measure\Nmy physiological response.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I'm feeling\Nthat emotional connection
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has a physical manifestation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll see what my body is actually doing?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exactly.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[dramatic music]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, how was that?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was-- that had a lot of them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got them all.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now full disclosure:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in the day, I played the cello,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which might have something to do\Nwith why that particular song affected me.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nice hair!
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it turns out the brain\Nis at work here too.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We processed the difference\Nbetween this pathway
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that connects the auditory regions\Nis on the side of the brain here,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the emotional regions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we showed that the tract\Nactually that connects those two regions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is stronger,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's more fibers in that region\Nin the people who get chills.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(narrator) Which means\Nthat some people's brains
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might have better communication
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between what they hear and how they feel.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The music itself also plays\Na role in frisson.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sachs uses different songs in his lectures\Nto see if students get it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll say raise your hand\Nwhen you get a chill
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll play a piece of music, \Na classical piece,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe half the people will get it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(narrator) Then he plays this..
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,( )
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rolling Stone's Give me Shelter.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever seen the movie\N{\i1}20 Feet from Stardom{\i0}?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The documentary about back up singers?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a part where they isolate\Nthe vocals from Give me Shelter.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ ( ) ♪
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I play that,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 90% of the people experience chills,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of independent of where I go.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to tell you, bringing that up\Nmade me think about it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I got that little kind of thing\Nat the back of my neck.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(narrator) But why would that happen?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The high pitched notes that she hit\Nalmost sounds like a scream
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's very important ancestrally for us
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to pay attention to a scream,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,figure out what's going on,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and either run or fight, \Nwhatever we need to do.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(narrator) So how come\Nthat manifests as pleasure?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well it's because our pre-frontal cortex,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more rational, thinking part\Nof the brain kicks in.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you realize very quickly,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after you have\Nthis really quick startle reflex,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's nothing actually threatening\Nabout the piece of music,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're sitting in a safe space\Nwith your headphones on,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's in that reappraisal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we tend to think\Nof the pleasure responses emerging.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And whether you find listening to music\Nso pleasurable you get chills
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you absolutely despise a song,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can produce absolutely\Nfascinating effects in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to [Levitan], music we enjoy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,triggers the brain's\Ninternal opioid system,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yes, opioid system.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just like the opioids\Nthat come in pill form
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these chemicals make you feel good\Nand help relive pain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And music you don't like? \NWell, that releases cortisol,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the notorious stress hormone.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's not even the half of what music\Ncan do in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The high pitched notes that she hits\Nalmost sounds like a scream and\Nit's very important ancestrally for us\Nto be able to pay attention\Nto a scream, figure out what's going on\Nand either run or fight, whatever we need to do.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Narrator] So how come\Nthat manifests as pleasure?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well it's because our pre-frontal cortex
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more rational, thinking part of the brain kicks in.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you realize very quickly after you have\Nthis really quick startle reflex
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's nothing actually threatening\Nabout the piece of music
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're sitting in a safe space\Nwith your headphones on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's in that reappraisal that we tend to think
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the pleasure responses emerging.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And whether you find listening to music\Nso pleasurable that you get chills
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you absolutely despise a song
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can produce absolutely fascinating\Neffects in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to Levitan music we enjoy triggers\Nthe brain's internal opiod system, yes, opiod system.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just like the opioids that come in pill form
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these chemicals make you feel good and help relive pain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And music you don't like well that releases cortisol,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the notorious stress hormone.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's not even the half of what music\Ncan do in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you turn on the lights?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Narrator] When former Congresswomen Gabrielle Giffords\Nwas shot in 2011
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the left side of her brain\Nwas severely damaged
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving her struggling to speak,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a condition called aphasia.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gabby are you frustrated?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Narrator] But to get an idea
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of just how powerful\Nmusic's effect on the brain can be
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watch this video.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You ready?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Together] This little light of mine\NI'm gonna let it shine.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That words that she'd been\Nstruggling to say, light,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can easily be in song.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would she be able to sing a word\Nwhen she's unable to say it?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we know about the brain
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the left hemisphere controls language
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are many other parts of the brain\Nthat have music access.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music therapist Maegan Morrow's job
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to help patients use those other\Npathways to regain language.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes I compare it to being in traffic
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can't move any further
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you might need to exit\Nand take the feeder road
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get you to your destination.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So music is basically like that feeder road
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the new destination.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like a detour, so we know that music\Ncan help us relearn things like speech
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by accessing alternative pathways in the brain
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that learning to play music can help\Nstrengthen brain connections.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what about making music?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make music is like,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the language of humanity,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter where I go in the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I'm playing something,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't matter if\Nsomeone can't speak the language,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they're into it they're into it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Narrator] This is Xavier Dphrepaulezz better known as Fantastic Negrito.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We brought him to UCSF to meet Charles Limb
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a neuroscientist who studies musical creativity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Duffler's up next.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Narrator] To understand how Fantastic Negrito's brain works when making music
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Limb had him play on of his songs\Nwhile going through the fMRI.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Fantastic Negrito singing]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so how did his brain respond?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The areas that process sensory and motor skills\Nalong with sounds lit up,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see them here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Red and yellow, makes sense right?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here's the really interesting part,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Limb asked him to improvise
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see what happens when he's creating\Nsomething totally original.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Fantastic Negrito singing]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now watch what happens to his brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The areas that were active before\Nthe ones that deal with motor skills and sounds
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are even more active.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And see how there's way more blue\Nin the front of his brain?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the pre-frontal cortex
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's associated with effortful planning\Nand conscience self-monitoring
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's blue because it's less active.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see that the pre-frontal cortex
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appears to be really shutting down\Nin these moments of high creativity
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of like letting of of these conscious\Nself-censoring or self-monitoring areas
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that normally are there to help control our output.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Narrator] And Limb says\Nit's about more than just letting go.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You view it from perspective of survival
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if human beings only could do memorized route responses,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd be long gone.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not just the thing that happens\Nin clubs and in jazz bars,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually maybe\Nthe most fundamental form
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what it means to be human
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with new ideas.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[singing]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Narrator] So music is so much more\Nthan notes on a page,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can change the way we think and speak and feel
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but is there a limit to what science can tell us about music?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just when I discover the answer to one thing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,five new questions pop up that are more
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interesting than the first and I've gained
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an appreciation for how complex the music making
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and music listening system is.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not demystified to me at all.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's more mysterious than ever.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[signing]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[clapping]