1
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
♪ (music) ♪

2
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(narrator) These days, 
you hear music all the time.

3
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It wakes us up, motivates our workouts,

4
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
keeps us company on our commutes.

5
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It doesn't matter
what kind of music it is,

6
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
music itself has the ability
to affect our moods and our bodies

7
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in all sorts of ways.

8
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We nod our heads, we sway, dance.

9
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Music can give us chills,

10
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
even make us cry.

11
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Music activates every area
of the brain that we have so far mapped.

12
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In fact, there's no area
of the brain we know about

13
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that music doesn't touch in some way.

14
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But what's behind all that?

15
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
What exactly does music do to us?

16
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
To find out, I went to a whole series of tests

17
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
designed to measure my responses to music.

18
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I met some kids whose brains
may actually be changing,

19
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
thanks to those hours
of learning, practice, and performing.

20
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I spoke with a therapist who used music

21
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to help former congresswoman
Gabrielle Giffords

22
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
learn to speak again,

23
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and got a glimpse inside the brain

24
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of a two-time winning artist
while he played...

25
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
( )

26
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
...all to find out how music affects us.

27
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
♪ (music) ♪

28
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So what's going on
when we listen to music?

29
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We visited the USC Brain
and Creativity Institute,

30
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
where I had my head examined, literally,

31
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to try to figure it out.

32
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I'm going to go into this [FMRI] machine,

33
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
a tiny tube will surround me.

34
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We'll get a baseline reading of my brain,

35
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and then I'm going to listen
to some music.

36
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We're going to see how my brain responds.

37
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Just close your eyes, relax,

38
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and try and get into the music
as best you can, okay?

39
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
♪ (music) ♪

40
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And here's what we saw.

41
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
These are scans of my brain.

42
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The areas in red are where
my activity is above average;

43
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in blue, below average.

44
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
As you can see, 
there is red activity all over my brain,

45
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
not just in one specific area.

46
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Twenty-five years ago,

47
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the idea was that language
is on the left side of the brain

48
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and music is in
the right side of the brain.

49
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But now that we've got
better quality tools,

50
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
higher resolution neuro-imaging
and better experimental methods,

51
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
we've discovered that's not at all right.

52
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
How does that play out
in different regions of the brain?

53
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When music enters
and then gets shuttled off

54
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to different parts of the brain,

55
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it stops at specialized processing units
in auditory cortex,

56
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they track loudness and pitch and rhythm

57
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and [tambour] and things like that.

58
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There's visual cortex activation
when you're reading music as a musician

59
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or watching music,

60
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
motor cortex
when you're tapping your feet,

61
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
snapping your fingers, clapping you hands;

62
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and cerebellum which mediates
the emotional responses;

63
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the memory and the hippocampus,

64
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
hearing a familiar passage,

65
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
finding it somewhere in your memory banks.

66
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Music is going on
in both halves of your brain,

67
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the left and the right,

68
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the front and the back,

69
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the inside and the outside.

70
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
♪ (music) ♪

71
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So what about a musicians's brain?

72
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
To play a piece of music
engages so many things:

73
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
motor systems, timing systems,

74
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
memory systems, hearing systems.

75
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There's all sorts
of brain activity happening.

76
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It's a very robust thing to play music.

77
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
♪ (music) ♪

78
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I'm Alex Jacob Robertson.

79
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I'm Nathan Glenn Robertson.

80
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We asked these 11-year old musicians

81
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to tell us what's going through
their minds when they play.

82
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Some of the most important things
are I think good postures,

83
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
getting the note right,

84
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
legato, staccato.

85
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[violin playing]

86
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
For the violin, you need to hold
your hand at the right place,

87
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and you need to be in tune,

88
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and then you also have to have
not only the right intonation

89
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but the right sound,

90
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and then you also need
to have great vibrato.

91
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There's lot of things to think about.

92
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[violin playing]

93
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(narrator) Back at USC,

94
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
researchers have been studying kids
who play music over the past five years

95
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to see how it affects their development.

96
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The multi-tasking areas of their brains
understandable lit up,

97
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but they've seen other results too.

98
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Music training
over the course of five years

99
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
has had benefits in cognitive skills
and decision making,

100
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
also had some benefits in social behavior,

101
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and we've also seen changes
in the associated brain structures.

102
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(narrator) Did you hear that?

103
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Changes in brain structures!

104
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
They found that the brains of children
who have studied music

105
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
have stronger connections
between the left and right hemispheres,

106
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and that can make them better,
more creative problem solvers.

107
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And then there's emotion.

108
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[emotional music]

109
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When you hear a piece like this,

110
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it's easy to understand why emotions
play such a big part in music.

111
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This song by Camille Saint-Saëns is known
as the music for the dying swan in ballet.

112
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
While it might move ballerinas to dance,
it inspires different reactions in others.

113
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
( )

114
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Some people get goosebumps, chills.

115
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That weird tingly sensation that you get

116
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
when a great piece of music
just hits you in the right way?

117
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It's called frisson, 
and not everyone gets it,

118
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but it turns out I do.

119
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Now we're going to have you listen
to some pieces of music.

120
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Okay.

121
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When you experience a chill, if you do,

122
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I want you to just press this space bar

123
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
so we have an indication

124
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of when those peak moments
of enjoyment are happening.

125
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Okay.

126
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Matt Sachs, a PhD candidate at USC,

127
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
wired me up to measure
my physiological response.

128
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So when I'm feeling
that emotional connection

129
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that has a physical manifestation,

130
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
we'll see what my body is actually doing?

131
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Exactly.

132
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[dramatic music]

133
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Alright, how was that?

134
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That was-- that had a lot of them.

135
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We got them all.

136
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Now full disclosure:

137
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Back in the day, I played the cello,

138
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
which might have something to do
with why that particular song affected me.

139
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Nice hair!

140
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But it turns out the brain
is at work here too.

141
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We processed the difference
between this pathway

142
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that connects the auditory regions
is on the side of the brain here,

143
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to the emotional regions,

144
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and we showed that the tract
actually that connects those two regions

145
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is stronger,

146
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
there's more fibers in that region
in the people who get chills.

147
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(narrator) Which means
that some people's brains

148
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
might have better communication

149
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
between what they hear and how they feel.

150
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The music itself also plays
a role in frisson.

151
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Sachs uses different songs in his lectures
to see if students get it.

152
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I'll say raise your hand
when you get a chill

153
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and I'll play a piece of music, 
a classical piece,

154
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and maybe half the people will get it.

155
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(narrator) Then he plays this..

156
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
( )

157
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Rolling Stone's Give me Shelter.

158
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Have you ever seen the movie
<i>20 Feet from Stardom</i>?

159
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The documentary about back up singers?

160
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Yeah.

161
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There's a part where they isolate
the vocals from Give me Shelter.

162
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
♪ ( ) ♪

163
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And I play that,

164
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and 90% of the people experience chills,

165
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
sort of independent of where I go.

166
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I have to tell you, bringing that up
made me think about it

167
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and I got that little kind of thing
at the back of my neck.

168
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(narrator) But why would that happen?

169
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The high pitched notes that she hit
almost sounds like a scream

170
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and it's very important ancestrally for us

171
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to be able to pay attention to a scream,

172
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
figure out what's going on,

173
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and either run or fight, 
whatever we need to do.

174
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(narrator) So how come
that manifests as pleasure?

175
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Well it's because our pre-frontal cortex,

176
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the more rational, thinking part
of the brain kicks in.

177
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So you realize very quickly,

178
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
after you have
this really quick startle reflex,

179
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that there's nothing actually threatening
about the piece of music,

180
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that you're sitting in a safe space
with your headphones on,

181
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and it's in that reappraisal

182
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that we tend to think
of the pleasure responses emerging.

183
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And whether you find listening to music
so pleasurable you get chills

184
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or you absolutely despise a song,

185
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it can produce absolutely
fascinating effects in the brain.

186
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
According to [Levitan], music we enjoy

187
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
triggers the brain's
internal opioid system,

188
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
yes, opioid system.

189
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And just like the opioids
that come in pill form

190
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
these chemicals make you feel good
and help relive pain.

191
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And music you don't like? 
Well, that releases cortisol,

192
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the notorious stress hormone.

193
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But that's not even the half of what music
can do in the brain.

194
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The high pitched notes that she hits
almost sounds like a scream and
it's very important ancestrally for us
to be able to pay attention
to a scream, figure out what's going on
and either run or fight, whatever we need to do.

195
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[Narrator] So how come
that manifests as pleasure?

196
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Well it's because our pre-frontal cortex

197
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the more rational, thinking part of the brain kicks in.

198
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So you realize very quickly after you have
this really quick startle reflex

199
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that there's nothing actually threatening
about the piece of music

200
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that you're sitting in a safe space
with your headphones on

201
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and it's in that reappraisal that we tend to think

202
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of the pleasure responses emerging.

203
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And whether you find listening to music
so pleasurable that you get chills

204
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or you absolutely despise a song

205
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it can produce absolutely fascinating
effects in the brain.

206
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
According to Levitan music we enjoy triggers
the brain's internal opiod system, yes, opiod system.

207
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And just like the opioids that come in pill form

208
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
these chemicals make you feel good and help relive pain.

209
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And music you don't like well that releases cortisol,

210
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the notorious stress hormone.

211
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But that's not even the half of what music
can do in the brain.

212
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Can you turn on the lights?

213
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[Narrator] When former Congresswomen Gabrielle Giffords
was shot in 2011

214
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the left side of her brain
was severely damaged

215
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
leaving her struggling to speak,

216
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
a condition called aphasia.

217
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Gabby are you frustrated?

218
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[Narrator] But to get an idea

219
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of just how powerful
music's effect on the brain can be

220
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
watch this video.

221
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
You ready?

222
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[Together] This little light of mine
I'm gonna let it shine.

223
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That words that she'd been
struggling to say, light,

224
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
can easily be in song.

225
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Why would she be able to sing a word
when she's unable to say it?

226
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
What we know about the brain

227
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is that the left hemisphere controls language

228
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and there are many other parts of the brain
that have music access.

229
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Music therapist Maegan Morrow's job

230
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is to help patients use those other
pathways to regain language.

231
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Sometimes I compare it to being in traffic

232
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and you can't move any further

233
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but you might need to exit
and take the feeder road

234
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to get you to your destination.

235
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So music is basically like that feeder road

236
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to the new destination.

237
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Like a detour, so we know that music
can help us relearn things like speech

238
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
by accessing alternative pathways in the brain

239
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and that learning to play music can help
strengthen brain connections.

240
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But what about making music?

241
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
To make music is like,

242
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it's the language of humanity,

243
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
no matter where I go in the world,

244
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
if I'm playing something,

245
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it doesn't matter if
someone can't speak the language,

246
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
if they're into it they're into it.

247
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[Narrator] This is Xavier Dphrepaulezz better known as Fantastic Negrito.

248
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We brought him to UCSF to meet Charles Limb

249
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
a neuroscientist who studies musical creativity.

250
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The Duffler's up next.

251
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[Narrator] To understand how Fantastic Negrito's brain works when making music

252
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Dr. Limb had him play on of his songs
while going through the fMRI.

253
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[Fantastic Negrito singing]

254
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
so how did his brain respond?

255
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The areas that process sensory and motor skills
along with sounds lit up,

256
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
you can see them here.

257
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Red and yellow, makes sense right?

258
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But here's the really interesting part,

259
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Limb asked him to improvise

260
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to see what happens when he's creating
something totally original.

261
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[Fantastic Negrito singing]

262
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
now watch what happens to his brain.

263
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The areas that were active before
the ones that deal with motor skills and sounds

264
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
are even more active.

265
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And see how there's way more blue
in the front of his brain?

266
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That's the pre-frontal cortex

267
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and it's associated with effortful planning
and conscience self-monitoring

268
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and it's blue because it's less active.

269
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We see that the pre-frontal cortex

270
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
appears to be really shutting down
in these moments of high creativity

271
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
kind of like letting of of these conscious
self-censoring or self-monitoring areas

272
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that normally are there to help control our output.

273
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[Narrator] And Limb says
it's about more than just letting go.

274
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
You view it from perspective of survival

275
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
if human beings only could do memorized route responses,

276
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
we'd be long gone.

277
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It is not just the thing that happens
in clubs and in jazz bars,

278
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it's actually maybe
the most fundamental form

279
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of what it means to be human

280
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to come up with new ideas.

281
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[singing]

282
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[Narrator] So music is so much more
than notes on a page,

283
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it can change the way we think and speak and feel

284
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but is there a limit to what science can tell us about music?

285
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Just when I discover the answer to one thing

286
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
five new questions pop up that are more

287
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
interesting than the first and I've gained

288
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
an appreciation for how complex the music making

289
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and music listening system is.

290
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It's not demystified to me at all.

291
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It's more mysterious than ever.

292
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[signing]

293
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
[clapping]