WEBVTT 00:00:10.469 --> 00:00:14.089 you may be wondering what your doing at the front of a bioengineering madam i a 00:00:14.089 --> 00:00:18.349 total strangers talking to you right now but i did talk about some of the on some 00:00:18.349 --> 00:00:22.789 experiments that herbert boyer and stanley commented in the nation 00:00:22.789 --> 00:00:24.820 you might be thinking to yourself 00:00:24.820 --> 00:00:29.300 uh... the seventies in america when the dinosaurs lived 00:00:29.300 --> 00:00:30.279 boring 00:00:30.279 --> 00:00:32.960 well had never gotten a vaccine are 00:00:32.960 --> 00:00:35.290 groceries record he started 00:00:35.290 --> 00:00:38.250 that complex to some of the experiments that these two had 00:00:38.250 --> 00:00:40.050 halsted setting 00:00:40.050 --> 00:00:44.620 where they accept and values that cut dat label to in three days 00:00:44.620 --> 00:00:46.390 continue bacterial dna_ 00:00:46.390 --> 00:00:49.840 the hanging at the field of genetic engineering and thanks to all the work 00:00:49.840 --> 00:00:51.030 that they did 00:00:51.030 --> 00:00:58.030 we have medications for what that means that protective 00:00:58.320 --> 00:01:01.360 you know i exist on the inside 00:01:01.360 --> 00:01:06.510 so the first thing that clinton boy it did was they checked dna_ from driving 00:01:06.510 --> 00:01:08.960 headed up 00:01:08.960 --> 00:01:11.730 as you might think you guys that's going on in this to you 00:01:11.730 --> 00:01:15.810 here some dna_ from the front encouraging traits that affect how the 00:01:15.810 --> 00:01:19.010 front develops had survived 00:01:19.010 --> 00:01:21.350 now there's a piece that dna_ 00:01:21.350 --> 00:01:25.650 in this genome whose job listing code for certain proteins that the front uses 00:01:25.650 --> 00:01:26.900 to survive 00:01:26.900 --> 00:01:30.320 we're gonna cut this peace out using a restriction enzyme 00:01:30.320 --> 00:01:32.540 this is the thing that way discovered its 00:01:32.540 --> 00:01:34.880 kind of like a pair of scissors 00:01:34.880 --> 00:01:36.130 cutting the dna_ act 00:01:36.130 --> 00:01:38.960 specific points we can get different pieces 00:01:38.960 --> 00:01:42.160 now there are times are different kinds restriction enzymes and they'll come in 00:01:42.160 --> 00:01:44.090 different places in dna_ 00:01:44.090 --> 00:01:47.450 are and send their resume tuesday is called echo are one 00:01:47.450 --> 00:01:50.310 now this piece but dna_ has more than one spot 00:01:50.310 --> 00:01:53.730 that echo are one can cut as shown by the dot lines 00:01:53.730 --> 00:01:57.010 so we're going to end up with other pieces of dna_ in addition to the one 00:01:57.010 --> 00:01:58.290 we actually want 00:01:58.290 --> 00:02:01.729 now that's actually ok because articulate that probably did 00:02:01.729 --> 00:02:05.710 what's going on in the two is really really discarding after pieces dna_'s 00:02:05.710 --> 00:02:12.710 just like it 00:02:12.889 --> 00:02:14.129 now here's a tip 00:02:14.129 --> 00:02:15.599 plasmid 00:02:15.599 --> 00:02:20.400 basically circulating of dna_ that can exist in bacteria any basically impose 00:02:20.400 --> 00:02:25.999 for certain traits that affect how bacteria look actor civilian anti at our 00:02:25.999 --> 00:02:29.639 dna_ from the frog dna_ try bacterial dna_ 00:02:29.639 --> 00:02:31.859 we need to cut the president clinton 00:02:31.859 --> 00:02:35.529 so we've got to add are echo are one scissors 00:02:35.529 --> 00:02:37.200 and they're going to cut 00:02:37.200 --> 00:02:41.569 at the site 00:02:41.569 --> 00:02:45.439 you let this reaction proceeds letting all the ingredients the classmates 00:02:45.439 --> 00:02:49.379 restriction enzyme and somewhat interesting at cnn_ tel all the 00:02:49.379 --> 00:02:51.049 plastic cup like that's 00:02:51.049 --> 00:02:53.909 now we need at the dna_ please 00:02:53.909 --> 00:02:57.919 and allow the pieces to joint 00:02:57.919 --> 00:02:59.950 here's what's going on in the to camp 00:02:59.950 --> 00:03:01.230 i've got pieces earth 00:03:01.230 --> 00:03:03.790 try to dna_ 00:03:03.790 --> 00:03:08.489 and i had cracked cut classmates like this 00:03:08.489 --> 00:03:10.180 i need to ad 00:03:10.180 --> 00:03:11.389 the sky 00:03:11.389 --> 00:03:13.079 into this president 00:03:13.079 --> 00:03:14.560 and the way and they do that 00:03:14.560 --> 00:03:18.239 is the eddie an enzyme called dna_ like case 00:03:18.239 --> 00:03:22.599 this enzyme tenet acts like teak and it fixes the dna_ in six th 00:03:22.599 --> 00:03:27.109 into the test name 00:03:27.109 --> 00:03:29.299 nine other important thing at that 00:03:29.299 --> 00:03:33.659 the present itself is that it resent marker than a series of situation in 00:03:33.659 --> 00:03:35.019 haiti antibiotic 00:03:35.019 --> 00:03:36.499 contact recycling 00:03:36.499 --> 00:03:38.519 this will come in handy in a little bit 00:03:38.519 --> 00:03:45.519 after a little while level couple types of dna_ going on 00:03:45.679 --> 00:03:48.499 the people non 00:03:48.499 --> 00:03:54.129 but will come from it 00:03:54.129 --> 00:03:56.929 you know 00:03:56.929 --> 00:04:01.219 guardsmen classmates that just caused a mom 00:04:01.219 --> 00:04:07.409 at the 00:04:07.409 --> 00:04:10.499 and seat 00:04:10.499 --> 00:04:15.169 thing about these guys is that they'll actually die if you bad detect recycling 00:04:15.169 --> 00:04:19.549 antibiotic which we talked about bailey it to them 00:04:19.549 --> 00:04:24.020 webinar invite you to get the class and inside a vehicle and with that because 00:04:24.020 --> 00:04:27.479 all the cells down and then quickly he did them up 00:04:27.479 --> 00:04:29.270 creating little holes 00:04:29.270 --> 00:04:30.860 and the cell membrane 00:04:30.860 --> 00:04:36.009 then the president's concert through 00:04:36.009 --> 00:04:37.509 and get into the south 00:04:37.509 --> 00:04:40.380 these are the kind of bacteria that we have now 00:04:40.380 --> 00:04:41.360 bacteria 00:04:41.360 --> 00:04:45.570 that got the practically 00:04:45.570 --> 00:04:48.219 but you also get bacteria that cut 00:04:48.219 --> 00:04:49.629 the president's that 00:04:49.629 --> 00:04:50.569 we get one 00:04:50.569 --> 00:04:51.770 say 00:04:51.770 --> 00:04:52.680 this one with 00:04:52.680 --> 00:04:54.889 the wrong piece of dna_ way 00:04:54.889 --> 00:04:58.990 this i was just a plane parts that without any frightening 00:04:58.990 --> 00:05:01.029 more than likely will 00:05:01.029 --> 00:05:04.569 get ones that just didn't pick up any of the president's no end in eighteen x 00:05:04.569 --> 00:05:08.619 display t_-cells on some tight recycling on their plates which is basically some 00:05:08.619 --> 00:05:11.289 fancy jello that has antibiotic in it 00:05:11.289 --> 00:05:14.679 so these guys won't be able to grow 00:05:14.679 --> 00:05:16.910 but these guys well 00:05:16.910 --> 00:05:17.960 plated 00:05:17.960 --> 00:05:20.229 people live 00:05:20.229 --> 00:05:22.370 transformed this tiny plasmids 00:05:22.370 --> 00:05:25.500 onto this plate which has kept recycling it 00:05:25.500 --> 00:05:28.990 have likened that what they're saying they need to be here overnight and allow 00:05:28.990 --> 00:05:30.369 our bacteria to grow 00:05:30.369 --> 00:05:37.369 watered down in a game in the morning 00:05:37.419 --> 00:05:39.020 said he didn't have 00:05:39.020 --> 00:05:42.520 definitely got some colonies regularly remain 00:05:42.520 --> 00:05:44.750 cell not a problem that we have 00:05:44.750 --> 00:05:49.419 is we need everyone distinguish that actually had them at these primates 00:05:49.419 --> 00:05:50.729 from the one 00:05:50.729 --> 00:05:52.029 that night 00:05:52.029 --> 00:05:55.009 vis a man who don't have an idea demand 00:05:55.009 --> 00:05:56.509 resulting famine deal 00:05:56.509 --> 00:06:00.360 this is the same techniques that we did at the very beginning of this 00:06:00.360 --> 00:06:02.009 maintenance enemies back 00:06:02.009 --> 00:06:05.169 smith has been spent on these bacteria 00:06:05.169 --> 00:06:10.650 then reading is the same restriction enzymes 00:06:10.650 --> 00:06:12.490 you might be able to notice 00:06:12.490 --> 00:06:14.210 dot proponents say 00:06:14.210 --> 00:06:18.729 is a different sizes then that means that comes in the background 00:06:18.729 --> 00:06:22.630 surrounding areas isn't something larger belmont 00:06:22.630 --> 00:06:27.320 needs a technique adela electrophoresis and let's get it is it's gonna separate 00:06:27.320 --> 00:06:29.809 are different pieces of dna_ half 00:06:29.809 --> 00:06:32.969 and from this experiment will be able to tell 00:06:32.969 --> 00:06:35.600 the president's that took up the frightening 00:06:35.600 --> 00:06:37.169 from the ones that did it 00:06:37.169 --> 00:06:44.169 bought from the ones that just closed up on themselves 00:06:44.639 --> 00:06:47.710 deflating techniques that i don't know 00:06:47.710 --> 00:06:51.460 feel their lives 00:06:51.460 --> 00:06:54.179 galina being made 00:06:54.179 --> 00:06:56.110 very faint 00:06:56.110 --> 00:06:59.499 well i thought that i printed a gag thanks for stopping by 00:06:59.499 --> 00:07:03.269 of the american aircon she'd seen or some of the cloning techniques he's not 00:07:03.269 --> 00:07:04.490 today 00:07:04.490 --> 00:07:07.150 disheveled and they say the internet engineering 00:07:07.150 --> 00:07:14.129 ta waiters 00:07:14.129 --> 00:07:15.069 k