[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.18,0:00:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Instructor] Talk a little bit about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.01,0:00:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the social and political\Nstructures of ancient Rome.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.83,0:00:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's important to keep\Nin mind that ancient Rome
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.08,0:00:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't just this static\Nthing that never changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.64,0:00:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It existed for over 1,000 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.05,0:00:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from its period from its\Nfounding as a kingdom,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.02,0:00:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you believe the founding myth,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.26,0:00:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,founded by Romulus in 753 BCE.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.60,0:00:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most historians don't\Naccept that founding myth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.26,0:00:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then it became they\Noverthrew their last king
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.95,0:00:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 509 BCE, Tarquin the Proud,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.66,0:00:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they established\Nthe Roman republic,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.76,0:00:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was eventually then turned into
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.05,0:00:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an empire by Julius Caesar and Augustus.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.34,0:00:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, whenever you have\Nsomething this long lasting,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.95,0:00:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could imagine the social and
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.19,0:00:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the political structures\Nevolved over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.14,0:00:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's begin with the\Nperiod when it was a kingdom,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.42,0:00:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because even then there were some things
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.46,0:00:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were noteworthy and some social
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.78,0:00:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and political structures that continued
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.31,0:01:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the republic period and\Neven when it was an empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.82,0:01:02.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one interesting thing is that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.39,0:01:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we typically think of kings,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.43,0:01:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we think of it as being\Ndynastic, that if I am king,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.08,0:01:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then my oldest son, or\Nmaybe in certain cultures,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.71,0:01:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my oldest daughter might\Nbecome king or queen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.50,0:01:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But turns out, that many of the,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.49,0:01:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially the early kings\Nof the Roman kingdom,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.55,0:01:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were actually elected.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.60,0:01:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had a lot of power, all\Nthe power resided in them,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.21,0:01:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were the executive, the legislative,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.94,0:01:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were the judicial, they\Neven had religious power.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.87,0:01:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's interesting to think\Nof the idea of elected kings.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.13,0:01:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now all of them weren't elected.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.81,0:01:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Several of them were dynastic\Nbut it is an interesting idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.36,0:01:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now another idea that emerged during
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.59,0:01:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Roman kingdom is\Nthis idea of citizenship.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.68,0:01:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it's important to realize today,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.27,0:01:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a lot of countries, we think of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.62,0:01:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oh, everyone who's a formal\Nresident of that country,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.82,0:01:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can view them as a citizen,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.90,0:01:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or most of the people, you\Ncould think of citizens,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.20,0:01:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially maybe people born in a country.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.02,0:01:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that was not the case in Rome.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.06,0:02:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we go into this Roman kingdom,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.30,0:02:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll remind, and I do this in many videos,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.11,0:02:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not thinking about\Nthis sprawling Roman empire
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.17,0:02:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we'll see several\Nhundred years later.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.52,0:02:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that time, Rome was really\Njust in control of Rome
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.97,0:02:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over time, especially\Nduring the republic period,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.53,0:02:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it starts to expand and\Neventually have hegemony
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.42,0:02:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or dominant power over the Mediterranean
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.95,0:02:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or parts of the Middle East, I should say,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.75,0:02:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in southern Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.14,0:02:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's go back to this kingdom period.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.94,0:02:33.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I'm about to\Ndraw actually stays true
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.91,0:02:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through most of Roman civilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.90,0:02:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If this white circle are the people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.18,0:02:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who lived under Roman rule,\Nonly a subset were citizens.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.99,0:02:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this were the citizens.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.16,0:02:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were male landowners,\Ncitizens right over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.22,0:02:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And within the citizens,\Nthey were further divided
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.29,0:02:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between patricians,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.78,0:02:57.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can think of them as the nobility,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.13,0:02:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these were people and\Nthey became patrician
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.68,0:03:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on what family they were born into.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.40,0:03:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's based on this idea and the word
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.73,0:03:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literally comes from this\Nidea that you are descended
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.35,0:03:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the founding fathers of Rome.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.57,0:03:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then all the other\Ncitizens were the plebians.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.89,0:03:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all of the other\Nones were the plebians,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.24,0:03:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.68,0:03:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, as we'll see, over the patricians
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.91,0:03:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,held most of the power\Nand most of the wealth
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.38,0:03:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a significant amount of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.95,0:03:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as we go through the republic period,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.46,0:03:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the plebians start to gain\Nmore and more and more power
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.44,0:03:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many plebians also\Nstart to accrue wealth
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.77,0:03:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some patrician\Nfamilies do end up poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.82,0:03:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, for the most part, the patricians,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.74,0:03:38.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're the nobility,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.83,0:03:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're associated with the\Naristocracy, but the plebians,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.87,0:03:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them become wealthy\Nand powerful as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.66,0:03:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you're probably saying what about
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.71,0:03:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of these other people?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.32,0:03:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you could imagine\Nnon-landholding males,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.96,0:03:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could imagine women,\Nyou could imagine slaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.58,0:03:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though we aggrandize Rome
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.62,0:04:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there were many very\Ninteresting things about Rome,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.23,0:04:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the legacies that\NRome had, which maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.98,0:04:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the historians reflect a\Nlittle bit more negatively on,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.16,0:04:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that Roman society was\Nbuilt on the idea of slaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.60,0:04:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most of the slaves were\Npeople that they subjugated
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.34,0:04:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people that they conquered in other lands.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.14,0:04:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They might have been people who at least
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.38,0:04:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the authorities thought they\Ncommitted a crime of some kind.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.15,0:04:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the society was built on slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.09,0:04:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you had a large\Nsegment of the population
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.76,0:04:33.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had no rights, that\Nwere considered slaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.63,0:04:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later on, they start to\Ngain some very, very basic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.39,0:04:39.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rudimentary rights, but you\Ncan imagine, as a slave,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.49,0:04:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,close to no rights whatsoever.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.02,0:04:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, other institutions that developed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.53,0:04:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the time of the Roman kingdom were
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.48,0:04:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an institution that developed at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.46,0:04:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Roman kingdom was the\NSenate, was the Roman Senate.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.48,0:04:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And under the king, the\Nking had most of the power,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.89,0:05:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but once the Roman\Nrepublic gets established,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.72,0:05:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually the Senate where\Nmost of the power resides.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.65,0:05:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this right over here, is a depiction,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.47,0:05:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that came much later, of the Roman Senate.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.95,0:05:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's important to realize that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.16,0:05:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Senate was not the only institution
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.28,0:05:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the only position\Nwithin the Roman republic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.08,0:05:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The consuls were there
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.26,0:05:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you could view the\Nconsuls as the executives,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.46,0:05:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if you think of a system\Nlike the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.32,0:05:30.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the executive power\Nresides in the President,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.65,0:05:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's analogous to the President.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.94,0:05:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are running the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.47,0:05:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are also commander\Nin chief of the military.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.16,0:05:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, consuls, even\Nthough it was considered
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.44,0:05:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very high title, their\Npower was very limited.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.74,0:05:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was two of them at any given time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.31,0:05:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I just drew the two consuls.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.28,0:05:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could veto each\Nother at any given time
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.25,0:05:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep any one consul\Nfrom getting too powerful
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.07,0:05:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they only had a one year term.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.72,0:05:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And during that one year,\Nthey would alternate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.03,0:06:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a monthly basis on who\Nwas the more senior consul.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.56,0:06:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you could imagine the consuls
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.17,0:06:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were limited in many, many, many ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.58,0:06:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though the Senate officially
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.20,0:06:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was supposed to advise the consuls,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.99,0:06:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in practice, what the Senate told
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.55,0:06:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the consuls to do, the\Nconsuls actually did.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.58,0:06:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So another question is,\Nwell, who gets to be a consul
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.26,0:06:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who gets to be a Senate?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.34,0:06:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, in the early days, the Senate
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.71,0:06:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was mainly or it was\Npatrician, and over time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.72,0:06:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as plebians start to\Nexert more and more power,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.90,0:06:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially as we go into\Nthe mid and later republic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.39,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Roman republic, you start to have
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more wealthy plebians in the Senate.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.22,0:06:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in general, the Senate is\Ncomposed of the aristocracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.88,0:06:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So wealthy and influential\Nmen of Rome are in the Senate.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.03,0:06:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How are they selected for the Senate?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.66,0:06:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, in the early days,\Nit was actually the consuls
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.71,0:06:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who selected the Senators.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.19,0:06:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later on, or shortly thereafter,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.38,0:06:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for most of the\Nrepublic period of Rome,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.93,0:06:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was a position called the censor
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.52,0:07:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that decided who got to\Nactually serve in the Senate.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.69,0:07:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now another question you might say
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.89,0:07:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is well, who's deciding\Nwho gets to be a consul,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.20,0:07:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who gets to be a censor,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.19,0:07:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's many other of\Nthese executive positions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.73,0:07:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are generally called magistrates,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.88,0:07:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that came from one\Nof the assemblies of
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.56,0:07:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Roman republic, in particular,\Nthe Centuriate assembly.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.46,0:07:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Centuriate assembly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.15,0:07:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which elected consuls,\Nthe senior executives,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.75,0:07:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the senior magistrates,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.02,0:07:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one way that you could think\Nabout it, they elected them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.45,0:07:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And who was in the Centuriate assembly
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.33,0:07:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why did they call it\Nthe Centuriate assembly?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.63,0:07:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it started off as citizen soldiers
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.15,0:07:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being grouped into groups of\N100 and on a particular issue,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.28,0:07:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including who should be elected consul,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.18,0:07:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this group of 100 would vote,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.56,0:07:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever the majority would\Nbe, then their representative
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.43,0:08:00.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the assembly would vote that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.31,0:08:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they wouldn't just\Nselect a representative
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.87,0:08:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that representative\Ncould do anything they want.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.52,0:08:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would tell that\Nrepresentative how to vote,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.22,0:08:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's why it was called\Na Centuriate assembly,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.10,0:08:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you had these groups of 100.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.40,0:08:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a lot of their power was\Nin electing these consuls
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.47,0:08:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these other senior magistrates.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.52,0:08:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that wasn't the only assembly.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.60,0:08:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You also had the tribunal assembly.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.92,0:08:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is breaking up the Roman population,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.45,0:08:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Roman citizenry, by tribe.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.72,0:08:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this had both plebians\Nand patricians in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.45,0:08:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the tribunal assembly.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.41,0:08:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You also have the Plebian\NCouncil, this was only plebians.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.52,0:08:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You also have the Plebian Council.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.12,0:08:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though, all of these,\Nand they evolved over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.94,0:08:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over time, the plebians started\Nto get more and more power,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.40,0:08:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the general idea, especially\Nduring the Roman republic,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.83,0:08:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the Senate is\Nwhere the important debates
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.49,0:09:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on foreign policy happened,\Nthe important debates
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.57,0:09:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on what Rome should become as a society,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.91,0:09:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a republic, and\Neventually as an empire.