0:00:03.903,0:00:05.744
[Ideas that transform]

0:00:05.744,0:00:10.389
(Music)

0:00:10.389,0:00:14.023
(Applause)

0:00:19.063,0:00:22.344
Thank you. You are very kind.

0:00:22.344,0:00:24.794
I'm not that techie.

0:00:24.794,0:00:27.827
I don't have a tablet, yet.

0:00:27.827,0:00:31.822
This being said, I'll call to my tech side

0:00:31.822,0:00:34.537
and present you my notebook.

0:00:34.552,0:00:36.903
(Laughter)

0:00:36.903,0:00:39.990
This notebook has been with me[br]for many, many trips

0:00:39.990,0:00:44.293
and... this is the pen[br]to touch the notebook's screen.

0:00:46.873,0:00:50.855
It's wireless, as you can see, very updated.

0:00:51.762,0:00:54.616
When I was proposed[br]to speak in front of you,

0:00:56.936,0:01:01.554
besides being glad[br]and flattered with the idea, I told them:

0:01:04.004,0:01:08.255
"What should I speak about?[br]It's about sharing experiences, right?"

0:01:08.255,0:01:12.640
And then, an interview[br]that Bacanal magazine

0:01:12.640,0:01:15.105
did with me recently crossed my mind.

0:01:15.105,0:01:18.555
It's a magazine about bon vivants,[br]about drinking expensive wines,

0:01:18.555,0:01:21.515
and eating in opulent restaurants.

0:01:21.605,0:01:25.816
The reporter titled the interview[br]"Living From Air".

0:01:27.936,0:01:32.584
And I was really surprised,[br]because I suddenly understood that,

0:01:32.584,0:01:36.222
everything I did during my life,

0:01:36.272,0:01:40.921
or at least in the last[br]40 years, was to live from air.

0:01:42.451,0:01:47.338
Right? Literally living from air,[br]because everything I do, is air.

0:01:47.338,0:01:50.303
It doesn't exist.[br]Can't be seen, can't be touched.

0:01:50.303,0:01:54.015
It's an idea, and an idea[br]is like the air, right?

0:01:54.015,0:01:56.352
When we think, our ideas are not[br]in any specific place,

0:01:56.362,0:01:57.749
they are "over there", in our minds.

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That's the imagination.

0:01:59.616,0:02:02.065
It's the imagination of the others[br]and the words,

0:02:02.065,0:02:04.594
which carry the idea through the air.

0:02:04.594,0:02:07.467
What I do in radio can't be touched,[br]can't be seen, but still,

0:02:07.467,0:02:10.340
you end up seeing it in the mind,

0:02:10.340,0:02:13.213
in the imagination of those[br]who are listening to the radio.

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This is why I always compare[br]the radio with literature,

0:02:16.642,0:02:20.095
because a book is the same,[br]even though it is not air.

0:02:20.115,0:02:22.118
It's paper, and it's ink.

0:02:22.128,0:02:26.237
But we all read the same book.

0:02:26.237,0:02:29.796
For instance, that novel which[br]may be written in another language,

0:02:29.806,0:02:32.262
but the words are the same,[br]from the same author,

0:02:32.262,0:02:34.718
black ink over white paper.

0:02:34.718,0:02:37.176
Identical, equal, similar.

0:02:37.176,0:02:42.603
However, the image that is being[br]formed while reading that novel

0:02:42.650,0:02:47.645
is completely different[br]in each one of the heads reading it.

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It's full of subjetivity.

0:02:49.858,0:02:53.064
It's about our experiences,[br]it's about our hard drive,

0:02:53.064,0:02:54.975
it's about what happened in our lives.

0:02:54.975,0:02:59.499
So we imagine the same[br]in a personal way, in a different way.

0:02:59.499,0:03:03.328
And that's radio, right?

0:03:03.328,0:03:04.919
It's words, is air.

0:03:04.919,0:03:09.510
Words that travel through the air,[br]sounds that travel through the air.

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And depending on who we are,[br]our background,

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the way we live and the culture we have

0:03:15.386,0:03:17.576
and what we've learned[br]and the parents we had...

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we are going to handle it differently,

0:03:19.946,0:03:22.876
and we are going to include different images.

0:03:22.916,0:03:26.257
small or big differences, but different.

0:03:26.257,0:03:28.923
So I think: "Wow![br]This guy could summarize

0:03:28.923,0:03:31.289
with the words "living from air"",

0:03:31.299,0:03:34.247
what I've done all my life, right?[br]Which is, living from air.

0:03:34.257,0:03:37.082
Living from this that can't be touched.[br]The radio is air, is imagination,

0:03:37.082,0:03:38.252
is ideas.

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If I remove the people from the radio,[br]only antennas, transistors, disc players,

0:03:43.617,0:03:45.572
mics would be left.

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But nothing would happen.

0:03:47.616,0:03:50.219
We must put humanity in it,[br]we need to put people,

0:03:50.219,0:03:52.752
we need to put ideas and imagination,

0:03:52.762,0:03:56.517
and there in the air, the images[br]take shape and the speeches appear.

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Everything we listen to everyday appears.

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So then, I also think that the idea is air.

0:04:05.378,0:04:07.998
I mean, radio is a concept, is ideas.

0:04:07.998,0:04:10.577
It is someone who's thinking[br]and saying things,

0:04:10.577,0:04:13.707
or playing a guitar, or singing songs.

0:04:13.707,0:04:15.303
And that's it.

0:04:15.303,0:04:16.777
Radio is just that. It's pure sound.

0:04:16.777,0:04:19.462
We can't add color,[br]we can't add odour.

0:04:19.462,0:04:23.248
It is just people speaking,[br]people thinking, people with ideas,

0:04:23.248,0:04:26.097
and I thought that the idea[br]is also a bit similar to air.

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And what gets the radio going,[br]which is the idea and the imagination,

0:04:29.138,0:04:31.415
is also what keeps our lives going.

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Let me propose this exercise now:

0:04:33.257,0:04:38.577
I've been 40 years on radio now,[br]so I'm a well-known professional,

0:04:38.577,0:04:41.557
more or less respected... sometimes.

0:04:43.177,0:04:45.694
So why am I on radio?

0:04:45.694,0:04:51.303
What exploded inside my head[br]in order for me to spend more than 40...?

0:04:51.303,0:04:53.617
Did I want to work on the radio or not?

0:04:53.617,0:04:56.926
I ended up on radio because one day,[br]Fernando Bravo

0:04:59.076,0:05:03.020
came back to San Pedro[br]with a brand new salmon-colored Peugeot.

0:05:03.020,0:05:06.644
(Laughter)[br](Applause)

0:05:06.664,0:05:08.478
That's the original idea.

0:05:08.478,0:05:11.013
(Applause)

0:05:11.013,0:05:14.141
That's the first idea, and[br]I later painted it carrot-color.

0:05:14.141,0:05:17.978
Right? Because it's just like[br]the carrot and stick.

0:05:17.978,0:05:19.313
The car was that.

0:05:19.313,0:05:22.696
It took me a long time[br]before I could buy a new car.

0:05:22.696,0:05:25.737
And it wasn't[br]salmon-colored, but carrot-colored,

0:05:25.737,0:05:28.622
because it took me[br]to the radio and I felt in love with it.

0:05:28.622,0:05:32.374
With this radio that can't be seen,[br]this radio where everything is possible.

0:05:32.374,0:05:34.377
Where any story is possible.

0:05:34.377,0:05:38.207
Where I can make a[br]Spielberg movie with no dollars.

0:05:38.207,0:05:42.136
Because special effects are sounds[br]and we can even make them with the mouth.

0:05:42.136,0:05:45.097
So I fell in love with this radio,

0:05:45.097,0:05:48.576
this radio that you can't see,[br]because of that idea of the new Peugeot,

0:05:48.576,0:05:51.137
because we, who worked[br]in San Pedro's radio, thought:

0:05:51.137,0:05:54.022
"If he can, we can, too."

0:05:54.022,0:05:56.660
So the idea transports you,[br]the first blow,

0:05:56.660,0:05:59.298
when you think about pursuing it.

0:05:59.298,0:06:01.936
That is was we need to do,[br]we must not lose it.

0:06:01.936,0:06:05.854
Get hold of the idea, and go after it.

0:06:05.854,0:06:10.881
The radio is a display[br]of one senseless idea after another.

0:06:10.881,0:06:15.339
Marconi didn't invent the radio[br]in order to make the radio we know today,

0:06:15.339,0:06:18.345
Marconi wanted to send[br]wireless telegrams

0:06:18.375,0:06:20.831
that could reach the ships,

0:06:20.851,0:06:24.147
because the navy, the war,[br]the armies needed it.

0:06:25.227,0:06:28.133
Just two points joining:[br]"beep, beep, beep, beep",

0:06:28.133,0:06:29.737
and they were sending Morse.

0:06:29.737,0:06:33.059
They wanted to take the wire off,[br]so they racked their brains

0:06:33.059,0:06:36.381
to find a system to transmit the sound,

0:06:36.381,0:06:39.703
"beep, beep, beep, beep", and[br]then they decoded the morse code,

0:06:39.703,0:06:43.674
and they listened wirelessly, unplugged,[br]for instance,

0:06:43.674,0:06:46.816
off the shores in the deep sea,[br]on the ships.

0:06:46.816,0:06:51.736
The first guy who transmited voice[br]over the radio that made "beep, beep"

0:06:51.736,0:06:58.105
was a radio operator who was[br]at the NYC port, just messing around.

0:06:58.105,0:07:00.551
There were mics already.

0:07:00.561,0:07:03.207
This device existed, too,[br]so the guy thought:

0:07:03.227,0:07:07.575
"What if I connect the mic[br]to the beeper, to the beeper wires,

0:07:07.605,0:07:11.172
and instead of going "beep, beep", I speak?"

0:07:11.172,0:07:12.933
So he said: "Hello!"

0:07:12.933,0:07:17.441
Can you imagine the shock[br]every radio operator on the ships got?

0:07:17.461,0:07:20.349
(Laughter) (Applause)

0:07:20.349,0:07:24.058
Nobody had ever talked to them[br]through the radio; radio didn't exist yet!

0:07:24.058,0:07:29.452
And all of a sudden, not only did he[br]speak and read the Bible, (Laughter)

0:07:29.482,0:07:34.293
but he played the violin[br]and really shocked everybody.

0:07:34.293,0:07:39.113
It would be long before the radio turned[br]into the kind of radio that feeds me

0:07:39.113,0:07:41.619
from the air, and this thing[br]that I live from air.

0:07:41.619,0:07:43.852
Many times kids come to me and ask:

0:07:43.852,0:07:50.572
"Has tech, Internet and PCs[br]changed the radio much?"

0:07:50.572,0:07:54.159
The truth is they haven't.[br]Radio is still the same:

0:07:54.159,0:07:57.746
a mic and some moron saying stupid things.

0:07:57.746,0:08:01.333
Or in many cases,[br]saying serious things, OK.

0:08:01.333,0:08:08.452
But I mean, the greatest evolution[br]in the radio, the greatest change

0:08:08.452,0:08:13.252
was the transistor radio. Why?

0:08:13.252,0:08:15.018
Another idea,[br]that had nothing to do with it.

0:08:15.018,0:08:20.453
The guy who invented the transistor[br]didn't know that it was going to trigger

0:08:20.453,0:08:23.812
the making of a really small radio[br]that we could carry in our pockets

0:08:23.812,0:08:26.051
with a set of headphones

0:08:26.051,0:08:29.412
and that we could listen to [br]the match at school, or at work.

0:08:30.532,0:08:35.129
In 1930, the transistors were created[br]and all that

0:08:35.129,0:08:38.520
but it was only in the '50s[br]when the transistor radios appeared.

0:08:38.520,0:08:40.738
In other words, just the same way

0:08:40.738,0:08:43.424
Fernando Bravo's car was a carrot,[br]an idea,

0:08:43.445,0:08:45.496
an idea that gets inside of you,[br]and you search and look for it

0:08:45.496,0:08:47.547
until the idea is fully developed

0:08:47.547,0:08:49.598
and someone can make it possible.

0:08:49.598,0:08:54.612
Nowadays, we listen to music[br]on our smartphones or MP3 players,

0:08:54.612,0:08:59.538
for me it is the same concept[br]of a transistor radio, nothing changed.

0:08:59.538,0:09:01.911
The really cool thing was that[br]it wasn't plugged to a power supply,

0:09:01.931,0:09:03.694
because it had a small battery

0:09:03.714,0:09:05.199
and you could carry it in your pocket.

0:09:05.209,0:09:07.489
Then the walkman appeared.[br]A copy of the transistor radio.

0:09:07.489,0:09:10.098
And then the MP3,[br]a copy of the walkman.

0:09:10.098,0:09:12.561
And now the smartphone,[br]which is all that together but....

0:09:12.561,0:09:15.024
what is that, really?

0:09:15.024,0:09:17.487
A small device that sounds in your ears.

0:09:17.487,0:09:20.448
For me, the biggest challenge, maybe,[br]technologically speaking,

0:09:20.448,0:09:22.369
in that thing of the ideas,

0:09:22.379,0:09:25.342
might be the rebirth of the cell phone.

0:09:26.372,0:09:32.012
The cell phone is[br]the most democratic thing on Earth.

0:09:32.012,0:09:36.099
I've just heard a woman[br]complaining on the radio, saying:

0:09:36.099,0:09:38.379
"Hey, the poor people take the money

0:09:38.389,0:09:40.829
and the first thing they buy[br]is a cell phone."

0:09:40.839,0:09:44.204
I understood the real democracy[br]of the cell phone

0:09:44.234,0:09:46.729
on a my way to dinner with friends,

0:09:46.729,0:09:48.570
when I went by a group of poor guys[br]collecting paper,

0:09:48.570,0:09:50.411
and one of them was talking[br]on a cellphone:

0:09:50.411,0:09:52.253
"(beep, beep) I'm loading the stuff,[br]please send me the truck."

0:09:52.253,0:09:54.573
And I said to myself:[br]"This is huge.

0:09:54.613,0:09:57.166
They had no way[br]to communicate before."

0:09:57.608,0:10:03.529
The cell phone is absolutelly amazing[br]and yet we haven't found a use for it.

0:10:04.250,0:10:09.532
Maybe, that idea, the one[br]that transforms, like the transistor,

0:10:09.532,0:10:14.858
like the guy messing around[br]who connected the mic to the wire.

0:10:14.858,0:10:20.332
Maybe that is the idea missing if we want[br]the cell phone to stop being the device

0:10:20.332,0:10:25.327
with which the companies get[br]their revenue, and start being that device

0:10:25.327,0:10:30.172
that helps fill the holes in our society,[br]sometimes far away, sometimes close,

0:10:30.172,0:10:31.611
here, in Argentina.

0:10:31.611,0:10:35.394
Education, for instance,[br]and many, many other things.

0:10:36.974,0:10:40.389
Living from air,[br]is the demonstration that,

0:10:40.389,0:10:43.454
to listen to the radio,[br]we don't even need an antenna,

0:10:43.454,0:10:46.870
we don't even need the transmiter,[br]we don't even need the idea.

0:10:47.220,0:10:51.291
In 1980, I traveled to Marocco.

0:10:52.551,0:10:58.018
In Marrackech, at Jamaa el Fna square,[br]I saw some guys standing on the benches

0:10:58.018,0:11:00.812
and they were speaking to groups of people.

0:11:00.812,0:11:03.904
One speaking to 10 people,[br]another to 5, and then,

0:11:03.904,0:11:06.996
one guy speaking to a group[br]of 80 or 90 people.

0:11:06.996,0:11:10.089
(Imitating Arabic)[br]They spoke and people listened,

0:11:10.089,0:11:12.852
and every now and then,[br]the people dropped a coin and left.

0:11:12.852,0:11:16.012
My guide was an Italian[br]who spoke some Spanish, so I asked him:

0:11:16.012,0:11:18.852
"What is he speaking about?"[br]So he says:

0:11:18.852,0:11:20.961
"The guy is broadcasting the news,

0:11:20.971,0:11:23.900
because almost everyone here[br]is an analphabet.

0:11:23.900,0:11:28.619
So he listens to the news on the radio,[br]retells it publicly and gets a few coins.

0:11:29.709,0:11:33.514
And then I understood the term "rating".

0:11:33.984,0:11:37.144
One had 5, the other had 100,

0:11:37.144,0:11:41.063
and I asked myself why, if they[br]must have listened to the same station

0:11:41.063,0:11:45.140
and were telling the same things.[br]So the guide said:

0:11:45.140,0:11:49.363
"Yes, but the one with 80 people[br]listening to him

0:11:49.383,0:11:53.956
also tells jokes and gossips."[br](Laughter)

0:11:55.386,0:11:58.135
So, radio is so much living from air,

0:11:58.145,0:12:01.364
that you can make radio[br]without a radio, just with people.

0:12:01.824,0:12:05.045
I found it totally wonderful.

0:12:05.045,0:12:09.207
I'm not denying technology,[br]the hardware,

0:12:09.207,0:12:13.303
I'm not denying everything[br]we get from it everyday.

0:12:13.303,0:12:17.663
Absolutely not.[br]I was one of the first PC fans.

0:12:17.663,0:12:22.149
When the first Commodore 64[br]appeared, they made us learn

0:12:22.149,0:12:25.982
not just how to use it,[br]but also how to program it.

0:12:25.982,0:12:29.569
I started with Basic, then they wanted[br]to make me learn Cobol,

0:12:29.569,0:12:32.106
which was impossible to understand.

0:12:32.116,0:12:36.543
And then, when the first sound editors[br]appeared, the first digital editors,

0:12:36.743,0:12:39.121
I was among the first ones[br]uploading the tapes

0:12:39.121,0:12:43.025
and starting with PCs,[br]I kind of got addicted to PCs.

0:12:45.460,0:12:47.919
And then I said: "OK, this is enough,

0:12:47.919,0:12:49.988
I'll use them just for work,[br]and the rest of my life

0:12:50.056,0:12:54.295
can be written in this notebook,[br]which might not be a tablet,

0:12:54.874,0:12:57.832
but is a nice composition notebook.

0:12:58.274,0:13:01.273
It can keep all my ideas,[br]and in case of a blackout,

0:13:01.273,0:13:04.540
I'll be able to read it with a candle.

0:13:04.540,0:13:10.362
But, going back to living from air,[br]and our talk this afternoon,

0:13:11.738,0:13:15.575
we need to keep in mind that ideas rule.

0:13:15.575,0:13:20.584
We might have computers,[br]but what is going to lead our lives

0:13:20.584,0:13:24.580
is our ideas and our own imagination.

0:13:25.623,0:13:27.583
Ideas rule.

0:13:27.583,0:13:29.779
They always did, they do now,

0:13:29.779,0:13:33.043
and they will rule[br]in every machine in the world

0:13:33.043,0:13:35.775
which will join together to kick our asses.

0:13:35.775,0:13:38.255
The idea of a lone thinking man,

0:13:38.265,0:13:41.265
the idea of a man thinking[br]when lights go out,

0:13:41.775,0:13:44.777
a man thinking when nothing's left.

0:13:44.777,0:13:48.817
The idea is the real thing,[br]the idea makes us different.

0:13:48.817,0:13:54.223
The idea is ours, and the idea is nothing.[br]It's in the air, is pure imagination.

0:13:54.223,0:13:57.857
It's like a cosmic nonsense in our heads,

0:13:57.857,0:14:01.538
and if we use it right,[br]it will get us that job

0:14:01.538,0:14:04.302
that 10 other people already applied for.

0:14:04.302,0:14:08.652
Who are they going to hire?[br]The one who thinks better.

0:14:08.652,0:14:11.497
Or, in any other aspect of life:

0:14:11.497,0:14:14.497
Who is going to get there?[br]The one with the best idea.

0:14:14.497,0:14:20.145
Now, if you have good ideas,[br]if you exercise your imagination,

0:14:20.145,0:14:24.573
if you work hard, everything that is[br]just going around in the air

0:14:24.573,0:14:26.744
with curiosity, willing to play,

0:14:26.744,0:14:29.618
and, on top of that,[br]you have a few computers...

0:14:29.618,0:14:33.189
Then, you are ramping up your speed.

0:14:33.189,0:14:35.217
I could say that nothing will stop you,

0:14:35.217,0:14:39.070
but, if the computer takes over you[br]and you let it do it...

0:14:39.070,0:14:41.803
you'd be in trouble.

0:14:41.991,0:14:46.537
Because the day the computer[br]takes over, it turns your brain off.

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I've learned that living from air.[br]Thank you very much.

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(Applause)