WEBVTT

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La vida en el universo cinemático de

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Marvel sería una pesadilla absoluta

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para la persona promedio viviendo en el

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planeta Tierra. "Es una pesadilla"

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"He tenido peores pesadillas".

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Y no solo debido a los entes

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sobre-humanos volando y causando eventos

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catastroficos practicamente cada semana.

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Este es un universo donde se puede

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realizar muy poco progreso social.

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Mientras los héroes usualmente son

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capaces de retroceder los apocalipsis,

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no usan sus super poderes para ayudar a

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construir un mundo mejor.

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En cambio, ellos pasan todo su tiempo

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defendiendo el status-quo.

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"Quieres proteger el mundo,

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pero no quieres que cambie."

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Los villanos son aquellos que, de manera

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constante, idean planes audaces para

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reformar instituciones establecidas

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o transformar el universo entero.

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Quiero aclarar dos puntos importantes;

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primero, este video no es una condena

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hacia todas las películas de Marvel.

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Muchas son divertidas y entretenidas.

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Varias de las más recientes dieron grandes

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pasos en términos de representación.

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Segundo, esto no es una opinión exagerada

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clamando que todos los malos tienen

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razón. Aunque se debe aclarar que algunos

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si tienen razones políticas legítimas.

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"¿Como crees que tus ancestros obtuvieron

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estas? ¿Han pagado un precio

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justo, o las robaron como robaron todo lo

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demás?" En general, los villanos de Marvel

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son creados para ser brutales y atroces--

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a veces hasta a un nivel genocida.

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Lo que examinaremos aquí

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son las implicaciones ideológicas debajo,

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mezclado con la fórmula del superheroe.

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"Muchas personas los ven como héroes.

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Hay algunos

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que prefieren el término "vigilantes"."

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Una de las inspiraciones para este

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video es un ensayo por el antropólogo

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David Graeber, llamado "Super Posición",

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una versión larga que se haya en el

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dorso de su libro"La Utopía de las Reglas"

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Su artículo deconstruyendo las políticas

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dentro de narrativas

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de superheroes fue hecho en 2012 como

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respuesta a "The Dark Knight Rises".

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Pero como Marvel ahora es el paradigma

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cultural dominante en Hollywood, creí que

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sería interesante aplicar la tesis

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de Graeber al UCM.

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Graeber observa que:

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"Los héroes son puramente reaccionarios.

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Literalmente, solo reaccionan a cosas;

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no tienen proyectos propios que no sean

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sino diseñar más armamento tecnológico

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y satisfacer un ocasional

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acto de caridad. De hecho, los

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superheroes parecen carentes de

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imaginación.

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Los villanos, en cambio, son realmente

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creativos. Tienen muchos planes, proyectos

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e ideas. Es importante notar que Graeber

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esta hablando sobre los buenos

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actuando en sus facetas de superheroe.

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Asi que, mientras veamos a Bruce Banner

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o Matt Murdock persiguiendo sus propios

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proyectos personales...

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"¿Como hiciste eso?" "Soy un buen abogado"

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Es demasiado raro ver a nuestros héroes

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favoritos participando en proyectos socio-

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políticos que ayuden a la sociedad a ser

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mejor. Hay varios, como el billonario Tony

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Stark, el cual su caracterización gira en

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torno a construir e inventar tecnología.

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Pero, nótese como casi todo lo que inventa

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esta ligado a armamento tecnológico

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que él y sus amigos luego usan en sus

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iniciativas de vigilancia.

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Si bien detener algo malo podría ser

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necesario,es distinto de crear algo bueno.

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Aunque en la política moderna

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estas dos cosas usualmente se combinan.

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"Sip, somos los Agentes del Estatus Quo".

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"¡Yo soy Groot!"

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Así, en vez de enfocarse en maneras inno-

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vativas de transformar la sociedad a mejor

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vemos en su mayoría a superheroes

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reaccionando cuando el estatus quo se vea

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amenazado.En "La era de Ultrón",el plan de

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Tony y Bruce de usar tecnología I.A para

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traer paz a nuestro tiempo-

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"Paz en nuestro tiempo."

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-es vista como el pico de la arrogancia

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y algo que pone en peligro a toda la raza

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humana. "Si crees en la paz,

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entonces dejanos tenerla."

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