[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.74,0:00:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1944, 11 years before her fateful \Ndecision on a Montgomery Bus,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.01,0:00:16.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rosa Parks was investigating \Na vicious crime.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.01,0:00:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an emissary for \Nthe National Association
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.24,0:00:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the Advancement of Colored People,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.11,0:00:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had traveled to rural Alabama \Nto meet with Recy Taylor,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.70,0:00:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a young woman who had been \Nsexually assaulted by six white men.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.02,0:00:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would be difficult enough to convince\Nan Alabama court
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.75,0:00:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that even one of these men was guilty,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.78,0:00:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Rosa was undeterred.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.64,0:00:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She formed a committee to defend \NRecy in court,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.36,0:00:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flooding the media with testimony
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.01,0:00:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sparking protests \Nthroughout the South.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.38,0:00:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a jury failed \Nto indict the attackers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.63,0:00:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parks demanded the governor \Nassemble a new grand jury.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.89,0:00:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She wrote, “I know that you will not fail\Nto let the people of Alabama know
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.32,0:00:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is equal justice \Nfor all of our citizens.”
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.32,0:00:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Throughout her life, Parks repeatedly \Nchallenged racial violence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.31,0:01:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the prejudiced systems \Nprotecting its perpetrators.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.37,0:01:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this work came at an enormous risk—
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.41,0:01:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a personal price.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.69,0:01:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Born in 1913, Rosa was raised by her \Nmother and grandparents in rural Alabama.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.66,0:01:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But outside this loving home, the fear \Nof racial violence cast a long shadow.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.77,0:01:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Ku Klux Klan frequently \Ndrove past their home,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.22,0:01:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Jim Crow laws \Nsegregated public spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.70,0:01:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At 19 she settled in Montgomery\Nand married Raymond Parks,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.80,0:01:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a barber who shared her growing fury \Nat racial injustice.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.38,0:01:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was involved with the local chapter\Nof the NAACP;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.15,0:01:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a role many avoided \Nfor fear of persecution.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.26,0:01:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first Raymond was eager \Nto keep Rosa safe
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.85,0:01:45.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the potential dangers of activism.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.37,0:01:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as she grew more incensed at the\Nlimitations imposed on African Americans,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.82,0:01:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she could no longer stand by.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.95,0:01:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When she officially joined \Nthe NAACP in 1943,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.95,0:02:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parks and Johnnie Rebecca Carr were \Nthe only women in the Montgomery chapter.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.95,0:02:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She began keeping minutes \Nfor their meetings,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.58,0:02:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and soon found herself elected \Nsecretary of the chapter—
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.64,0:02:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,formally beginning her secret double life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.23,0:02:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By day, Rosa worked as a seamstress\Nto support her mother and husband.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.11,0:02:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By night, she researched and documented\Nnumerous civil rights cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.56,0:02:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from local policy disputes to high-profile\Nmurder cases and hate crimes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.37,0:02:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As secretary, she prepared public \Nresponses
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.22,0:02:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on behalf of the Montgomery chapter,\Nbattling the harsh sentencing,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.59,0:02:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,false accusation and smear campaigns \Nfrequently used against African Americans.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.95,0:02:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition to her legal work, Parks \Nwas a brilliant local strategist.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.44,0:02:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As advisor to the NAACP \Nyouth group council,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.67,0:02:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she helped young people navigate \Nsegregated systems
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.59,0:02:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including voter registration and \Nwhites-only libraries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.40,0:02:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through the cover of the NAACP,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.71,0:02:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parks strived to bring clandestine \Ncivil rights activities into the open.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.94,0:02:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She advocated for civil disobedience\Ntraining
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.62,0:03:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spoke out against racial violence,\Nparticularly the murder of Emmet Till.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.12,0:03:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1955, her refusal to move \Nto the back of a segregated bus
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.49,0:03:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helped ignite the grassroots movement \Nshe had hoped for.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.50,0:03:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parks was arrested and jailed \Nfor her one-woman protest,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.98,0:03:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where she was visited by local activists.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.42,0:03:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Together they planned a twenty-four \Nhour bus boycott.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.10,0:03:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It lasted for three hundred \Nand eighty-one days.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.82,0:03:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Park’s simple act had transformed \Nnascent civil rights activism
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.86,0:03:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a national movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.44,0:03:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1956, the boycott ended \Nwhen the Supreme Court
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.99,0:03:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ruled in favor of desegregating \Npublic transport.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.92,0:03:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this victory for the movement \Nhad come at a great cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.25,0:03:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rosa had been receiving vicious death \Nthreats throughout the campaign,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.63,0:03:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was unable to find work in Montgomery\Nbecause of her political reputation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.18,0:03:54.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1957, she moved to Detroit \Nto continue working as a seamstress,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.95,0:03:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until being hired by Congressman \NJohn Conyers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.72,0:04:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help support his burgeoning \Ncivil rights campaigns.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.47,0:04:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ever vigilant in the fight against racial \Ninequality,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.18,0:04:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parks remained active \Nfor the next 40 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.42,0:04:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She wrote several books,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.82,0:04:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traveled across the country giving talks\Nto support other activists,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.31,0:04:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and established an institute \Nfor the education of young people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.92,0:04:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in her late husband’s memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.69,0:04:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, Rosa Parks is remembered \Nas a radical spirit
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.69,0:04:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who railed against the most powerful \Npeople and policies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.08,0:04:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her call to action continues to resound:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.17,0:04:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“knowing what must be done\Ndoes away with fear.”