[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.97,0:00:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paul Krugman, the Nobel Prize\N[winner] in economics, once wrote:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.93,0:00:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Productivity is not everything,\Nbut in the long run,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.35,0:00:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is almost everything."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.06,0:00:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is serious.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.21,0:00:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are not that many things on earth\Nthat are "almost everything."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.14,0:00:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Productivity is the principal driver\Nof the prosperity of a society.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.56,0:00:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.84,0:00:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the largest European economies,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.63,0:00:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,productivity used to grow\Nfive percent per annum
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.80,0:00:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the '50s, '60s, early '70s.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.94,0:00:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From '73 to '83: three percent per annum.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.100,0:00:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From '83 to '95: two percent per annum.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.31,0:00:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since 1995: less than\None percent per annum.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.04,0:00:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same profile in Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.12,0:01:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same profile in the US,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.01,0:01:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite a momentary rebound 15 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.37,0:01:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and despite all\Nthe technological innovations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.75,0:01:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around us: the Internet, the information,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.36,0:01:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the new information\Nand communication technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.16,0:01:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When productivity grows\Nthree percent per annum,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.76,0:01:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you double the standard of living\Nevery generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.17,0:01:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every generation is twice\Nas well-off as its parents'.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.69,0:01:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it grows one percent per annum,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.04,0:01:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it takes three generations\Nto double the standard of living.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.69,0:01:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this process, many people\Nwill be less well-off than their parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.50,0:01:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will have less of everything:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.04,0:01:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smaller roofs, or perhaps no roof at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.64,0:01:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less access to education, to vitamins,\Nto antibiotics, to vaccination --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.07,0:01:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.50,0:02:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of all the problems\Nthat we're facing at the moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.35,0:02:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.69,0:02:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chances are that they are rooted\Nin the productivity crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.23,0:02:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why this crisis?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.44,0:02:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the basic tenets\Nabout efficiency --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.94,0:02:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effectiveness in organizations,\Nin management --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.77,0:02:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have become counterproductive\Nfor human efforts.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.54,0:02:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everywhere in public services --\Nin companies, in the way we work,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.73,0:02:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way we innovate, invest --\Ntry to learn to work better.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.95,0:02:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take the holy trinity of efficiency:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.80,0:02:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clarity, measurement, accountability.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.87,0:02:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They make human efforts derail.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.65,0:03:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are two ways\Nto look at it, to prove it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.75,0:03:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, the one I prefer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.44,0:03:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is rigorous, elegant, nice -- math.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.59,0:03:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the full math version\Ntakes a little while,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.88,0:03:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there is another one.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.70,0:03:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is to look at a relay race.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.70,0:03:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what we will do today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.39,0:03:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a bit more animated, more visual\Nand also faster -- it's a race.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.57,0:03:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hopefully, it's faster.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.89,0:03:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.28,0:03:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,World championship final -- women.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.26,0:03:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eight teams in the final.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.40,0:03:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fastest team is the US team.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.13,0:03:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have the fastest women on earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.15,0:03:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are the favorite team to win.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.95,0:03:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Notably, if you compare them\Nto an average team,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.17,0:03:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say, the French team,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.56,0:03:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.18,0:04:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on their best performances\Nin the 100-meter race,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.39,0:04:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you add the individual times\Nof the US runners,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.19,0:04:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they arrive at the finish line\N3.2 meters ahead of the French team.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.44,0:04:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this year, the US team\Nis in great shape.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.03,0:04:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Based on their best performance this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.44,0:04:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they arrive 6.4 meters\Nahead of the French team,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.37,0:04:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on the data.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.27,0:04:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are going to look at the race.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.88,0:04:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At some point you will see,\Ntowards the end,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.32,0:04:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Torri Edwards,\Nthe fourth US runner, is ahead.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.65,0:04:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not surprising -- this year she got\Nthe gold medal in the 100-meter race.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.17,0:04:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the way, Chryste Gaines,\Nthe second runner in the US team,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.13,0:04:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the fastest woman on earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.79,0:04:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there are 3.5 billion women on earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.89,0:05:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where are the two fastest? On the US team.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.09,0:05:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the two other runners\Non the US team are not bad, either.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.38,0:05:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.12,0:05:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So clearly, the US team has won\Nthe war for talent.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.39,0:05:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But behind, the average team\Nis trying to catch up.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.40,0:05:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's watch the race.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.30,0:05:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video: French sportscasters narrate race)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.89,0:06:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video: Race narration ends)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.11,0:06:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yves Morieux: So what happened?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.63,0:06:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fastest team did not win;\Nthe slower one did.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.81,0:06:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the way, I hope you appreciate
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.77,0:06:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the deep historical research I did\Nto make the French look good.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.72,0:06:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.48,0:06:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's not exaggerate --\Nit's not archeology, either.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.93,0:06:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.93,0:06:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.12,0:06:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of cooperation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.69,0:06:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you hear this sentence:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.54,0:06:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Thanks to cooperation, the whole\Nis worth more than the sum of the parts."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.71,0:06:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not poetry;\Nthis is not philosophy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.05,0:06:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is math.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.20,0:06:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who carry the baton are slower,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.50,0:06:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but their baton is faster.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.85,0:06:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Miracle of cooperation:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.06,0:07:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it multiplies energy,\Nintelligence in human efforts.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.36,0:07:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the essence of human efforts:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.36,0:07:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we work together, how each effort\Ncontributes to the efforts of others.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.02,0:07:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With cooperation,\Nwe can do more with less.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.79,0:07:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what happens to cooperation\Nwhen the holy grail --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.36,0:07:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the holy trinity, even --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.82,0:07:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of clarity, measurement, accountability --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.07,0:07:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appears?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.95,0:07:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.13,0:07:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Management reports are full of complaints\Nabout the lack of clarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.42,0:07:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Compliance audits,\Nconsultants' diagnostics.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.49,0:07:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need more clarity, we need\Nto clarify the roles, the processes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.09,0:07:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is as though the runners\Non the team were saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.13,0:08:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Let's be clear -- where does my role\Nreally start and end?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.94,0:08:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Am I supposed to run for 95 meters,\N96, 97...?"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.79,0:08:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's important, let's be clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.88,0:08:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you say 97, after 97 meters,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.92,0:08:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people will drop the baton, whether\Nthere is someone to take it or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.14,0:08:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Accountability.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.08,0:08:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are constantly trying\Nto put accountability
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.56,0:08:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in someone's hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.56,0:08:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who is accountable for this process?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.16,0:08:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need somebody accountable\Nfor this process.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.63,0:08:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the relay race,\Nsince passing the baton is so important,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.12,0:08:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we need somebody\Nclearly accountable for passing the baton.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.79,0:08:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So between each runner,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.99,0:08:48.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now we will have a new dedicated athlete,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.74,0:08:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clearly dedicated to taking\Nthe baton from one runner,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.31,0:08:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and passing it to the next runner.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.28,0:08:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we will have at least two like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.38,0:09:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, will we, in that case, win the race?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.90,0:09:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That I don't know, but for sure,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.93,0:09:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would have a clear interface,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.22,0:09:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a clear line of accountability.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.89,0:09:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will know who to blame.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.83,0:09:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we'll never win the race.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.10,0:09:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you think about it,\Nwe pay more attention
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.11,0:09:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to knowing who to blame in case we fail,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.29,0:09:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than to creating\Nthe conditions to succeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.38,0:09:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the human intelligence\Nput in organization design --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.77,0:09:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,urban structures, processing systems --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.58,0:09:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is the real goal?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.35,0:09:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To have somebody guilty in case they fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.50,0:09:53.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are creating\Norganizations able to fail,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.41,0:09:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in a compliant way,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.41,0:09:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with somebody clearly\Naccountable when we fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.88,0:10:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we are quite effective\Nat that -- failing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.89,0:10:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Measurement.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.67,0:10:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What gets measured gets done.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.13,0:10:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, to pass the baton,\Nyou have to do it at the right time,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.54,0:10:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the right hand, at the right speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.46,0:10:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to do that, you have to put\Nenergy in your arm.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.04,0:10:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This energy that is in your arm\Nwill not be in your legs.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.49,0:10:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will come at the expense\Nof your measurable speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.37,0:10:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to shout early enough\Nto the next runner
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.84,0:10:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you will pass the baton,\Nto signal that you are arriving,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.18,0:10:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the next runner\Ncan prepare, can anticipate.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.41,0:10:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you have to shout loud.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.18,0:10:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the blood, the energy\Nthat will be in your throat
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.18,0:10:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will not be in your legs.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.60,0:10:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because you know, there are\Neight people shouting at the same time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.38,0:10:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have to recognize the voice\Nof your colleague.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.37,0:10:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You cannot say, "Is it you?"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.57,0:10:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too late!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.75,0:10:54.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.98,0:10:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's look at the race\Nin slow motion,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.98,0:11:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and concentrate on the third runner.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.55,0:11:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at where she allocates her efforts,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.100,0:11:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her energy, her attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.88,0:11:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not all in her legs -- that would\Nbe great for her own speed --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.05,0:11:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in also in her throat,\Narm, eye, brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.56,0:11:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That makes a difference in whose legs?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.31,0:11:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the legs of the next runner.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.73,0:11:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when the next runner runs super-fast,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.59,0:11:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it because she made a super effort,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.74,0:11:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or because of the way\Nthe third runner passed the baton?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.40,0:11:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no metric on earth\Nthat will give us the answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.31,0:11:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we reward people on the basis\Nof their measurable performance,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.84,0:11:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will put their energy,\Ntheir attention, their blood
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.92,0:11:45.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what can get measured -- in their legs.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.58,0:11:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the baton will fall and slow down.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.53,0:11:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To cooperate is not a super effort,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.13,0:11:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is how you allocate your effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.28,0:11:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is to take a risk,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.14,0:12:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you sacrifice\Nthe ultimate protection
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.40,0:12:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,granted by objectively measurable\Nindividual performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.52,0:12:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is to make a super difference\Nin the performance of others,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.42,0:12:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with whom we are compared.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.76,0:12:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes being stupid to cooperate, then.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.55,0:12:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people are not stupid;\Nthey don't cooperate.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.74,0:12:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, clarity, accountability,\Nmeasurement were OK
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.90,0:12:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the world was simpler.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.93,0:12:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But business has become much more complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.98,0:12:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With my teams, we have measured
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.03,0:12:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the evolution of complexity in business.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.08,0:12:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is much more demanding today\Nto attract and retain customers,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.71,0:12:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build advantage on a global scale,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.04,0:12:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create value.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.69,0:12:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more business gets complex,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.47,0:12:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more, in the name of clarity,\Naccountability, measurement
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.80,0:13:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we multiply structures,\Nprocesses, systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.08,0:13:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, this drive for clarity\Nand accountability triggers
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.92,0:13:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a counterproductive multiplication\Nof interfaces, middle offices,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.30,0:13:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coordinators that do not only\Nmobilize people and resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.36,0:13:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that also add obstacles.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.28,0:13:23.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more complicated the organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.87,0:13:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more difficult it is to understand\Nwhat is really happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.55,0:13:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need summaries, proxies, reports,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.99,0:13:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,key performance indicators, metrics.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.32,0:13:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people put their energy\Nin what can get measured,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.05,0:13:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the expense of cooperation.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.17,0:13:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as performance deteriorates,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.73,0:13:48.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we add even more structure,\Nprocess, systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.88,0:13:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People spend their time in meetings,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.74,0:13:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,writing reports they have\Nto do, undo and redo.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.29,0:13:59.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Based on our analysis,\Nteams in these organizations
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.74,0:14:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spend between 40 and 80 percent\Nof their time wasting their time,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.93,0:14:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but working harder and harder,\Nlonger and longer,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.95,0:14:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on less and less value-adding activities.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.24,0:14:16.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what is killing productivity,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.58,0:14:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what makes people suffer at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.23,0:14:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our organizations are wasting\Nhuman intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.79,0:14:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have turned against human efforts.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.67,0:14:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When people don't cooperate,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.59,0:14:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't blame their mindsets,\Ntheir mentalities, their personality --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.01,0:14:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look at the work situations.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.12,0:14:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it really in their personal interest\Nto cooperate or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.40,0:14:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if, when they cooperate,\Nthey are individually worse off?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.91,0:14:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would they cooperate?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.92,0:14:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we blame personalities
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.54,0:14:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of the clarity,\Nthe accountability, the measurement,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.72,0:15:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we add injustice to ineffectiveness.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.65,0:15:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to create organizations
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.59,0:15:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which it becomes individually useful\Nfor people to cooperate.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.81,0:15:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remove the interfaces,\Nthe middle offices --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.63,0:15:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these complicated\Ncoordination structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.57,0:15:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't look for clarity; go for fuzziness.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.98,0:15:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fuzziness overlaps.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.24,0:15:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remove most of the quantitative metrics\Nto assess performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.20,0:15:35.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speed the "what."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.41,0:15:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at cooperation, the "how."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.26,0:15:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did you pass the baton?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.88,0:15:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you throw it,\Nor did you pass it effectively?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.57,0:15:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Am I putting my energy\Nin what can get measured --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.65,0:15:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my legs, my speed --\Nor in passing the baton?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.81,0:16:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You, as leaders, as managers,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.18,0:16:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are you making it individually useful\Nfor people to cooperate?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.20,0:16:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The future of our organizations,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.37,0:16:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our companies, our societies
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.18,0:16:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hinges on your answer to these questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.04,0:16:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.24,0:16:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)