[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.26,0:00:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During a long day spent roaming the forest\Nin search of edible grains and herbs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.09,0:00:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the weary divine farmer Shen Nung\Naccidentally poisoned himself 72 times.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.84,0:00:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before the poisons could end his life,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.14,0:00:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a leaf drifted into his mouth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.62,0:00:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He chewed on it and it revived him,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.13,0:00:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is how we discovered tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.70,0:00:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, so an ancient legend goes, at least.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.56,0:00:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tea doesn't actually cure poisonings,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.46,0:00:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the story of Shen Nung,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.08,0:00:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mythical Chinese inventor \Nof agriculture,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.54,0:00:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,highlights tea's importance \Nto Ancient China.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.68,0:00:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Archaeological evidence suggests tea\Nwas first cultivated there
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.81,0:00:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as early as 6,000 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.27,0:00:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 1,500 years before the pharaohs built\Nthe Great Pyramids of Giza.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.54,0:00:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That original Chinese tea plant
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.08,0:00:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the same type that's grown \Naround the world today,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.95,0:00:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet it was originally consumed\Nvery differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.63,0:00:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was eaten as a vegetable\Nor cooked with grain porridge.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.29,0:01:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tea only shifted from food\Nto drink 1,500 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.75,0:01:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people realized that a combination\Nof heat and moisture
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.25,0:01:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could create a complex and varied taste\Nout of the leafy green.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.99,0:01:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After hundreds of years of variations\Nto the preparation method,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.03,0:01:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the standard became to heat tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.10,0:01:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pack it into portable cakes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.99,0:01:19.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grind it into powder,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.71,0:01:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mix with hot water,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.20,0:01:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and create a beverage called matcha.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.63,0:01:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Matcha became so popular that a distinct\NChinese tea culture emerged.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.14,0:01:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tea was the subject of books and poetry,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.19,0:01:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the favorite drink of emperors,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.98,0:01:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a medium for artists.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.85,0:01:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would draw extravagant pictures\Nin the foam of the tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.70,0:01:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very much like the espresso art\Nyou might see in coffee shops today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.93,0:01:45.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 9th century \Nduring the Tang Dynasty,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.37,0:01:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Japanese monk brought the first\Ntea plant to Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.35,0:01:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Japanese eventually developed\Ntheir own unique rituals around tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.24,0:01:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading to the creation \Nof the Japanese tea ceremony.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.39,0:01:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the 14th century \Nduring the Ming Dynasty,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.03,0:02:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Chinese emperor \Nshifted the standard
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.28,0:02:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from tea pressed into cakes\Nto loose leaf tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.84,0:02:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that point, China still held a\Nvirtual monopoly on the world's tea trees,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.75,0:02:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making tea one of three \Nessential Chinese export goods,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.42,0:02:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with porcelain and silk.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.86,0:02:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This gave China a great deal of power\Nand economic influence
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.81,0:02:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as tea drinking spread around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.58,0:02:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That spread began in earnest\Naround the early 1600s
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.62,0:02:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Dutch traders brought tea to Europe\Nin large quantities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.20,0:02:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many credit Queen Catherine of Braganza,\Na Portuguese noble woman,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.72,0:02:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for making tea popular with\Nthe English aristocracy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.78,0:02:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when she married King Charles II in 1661.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.92,0:02:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time, Great Britain was in the\Nmidst of expanding its colonial influence
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.83,0:02:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and becoming the new dominant world power.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.77,0:02:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as Great Britain grew,\Ninterest in tea spread around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.59,0:02:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1700, tea in Europe sold for ten times\Nthe price of coffee
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.20,0:02:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the plant was still \Nonly grown in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.29,0:02:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tea trade was so lucrative
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.84,0:03:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the world's fastest sailboat, \Nthe clipper ship,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.53,0:03:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was born out of intense competition\Nbetween Western trading companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.93,0:03:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All were racing to bring their tea\Nback to Europe first
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.50,0:03:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to maximize their profits.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.78,0:03:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first, Britain paid\Nfor all this Chinese tea with silver.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.66,0:03:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When that proved too expensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.22,0:03:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they suggested trading tea \Nfor another substance, opium.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.69,0:03:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This triggered a public health problem\Nwithin China
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.11,0:03:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as people became addicted to the drug.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.80,0:03:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then in 1839, a Chinese official \Nordered his men
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.04,0:03:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to destroy massive \NBritish shipments of opium
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.55,0:03:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a statement against \NBritain's influence over China.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.93,0:03:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This act triggered the First Opium War\Nbetween the two nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.60,0:03:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fighting raged up and down \Nthe Chinese coast until 1842
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.49,0:03:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the defeated Qing Dynasty ceded\Nthe port of Hong Kong to the British
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.44,0:03:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and resumed trading on unfavorable terms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.13,0:03:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The war weakened China's global standing\Nfor over a century.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.08,0:03:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The British East India company also\Nwanted to be able to grow tea themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.82,0:03:58.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and further control the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.95,0:04:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they commissioned \Nbotanist Robert Fortune
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.39,0:04:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to steal tea from China \Nin a covert operation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.11,0:04:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He disguised himself \Nand took a perilous journey
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.48,0:04:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through China's mountainous tea regions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.46,0:04:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually smuggling tea trees \Nand experienced tea workers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.43,0:04:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Darjeeling, India.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.86,0:04:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From there, \Nthe plant spread further still,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.04,0:04:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helping drive tea's rapid growth\Nas an everyday commodity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.39,0:04:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, tea is the second most consumed\Nbeverage in the world after water,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.70,0:04:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from sugary Turkish rize tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.45,0:04:29.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to salty Tibetan butter tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.44,0:04:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are almost as many ways\Nof preparing the beverage
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.04,0:04:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as there are cultures on the globe.