WEBVTT 00:00:00.928 --> 00:00:02.785 I decided when I was asked to do this 00:00:02.809 --> 00:00:06.507 that what I really wanted to talk about was my friend, Richard Feynman. 00:00:06.531 --> 00:00:09.976 I was one of the fortunate few that really did get to know him 00:00:10.000 --> 00:00:11.410 and enjoyed his presence. 00:00:12.000 --> 00:00:15.503 And I'm going to tell you about the Richard Feynman that I knew. 00:00:15.527 --> 00:00:17.826 I'm sure there are people here who could tell you 00:00:17.850 --> 00:00:19.567 about the Richard Feynman they knew, 00:00:19.591 --> 00:00:22.116 and it would probably be a different Richard Feynman. NOTE Paragraph 00:00:22.140 --> 00:00:24.123 Richard Feynman was a very complex man. 00:00:24.147 --> 00:00:26.123 He was a man of many, many parts. 00:00:26.464 --> 00:00:31.210 He was, of course, foremost, a very, very, very great scientist. 00:00:31.798 --> 00:00:33.976 He was an actor. You saw him act. 00:00:34.000 --> 00:00:37.658 I also had the good fortune to be in those lectures, 00:00:37.682 --> 00:00:38.976 up in the balcony. 00:00:39.536 --> 00:00:40.742 They were fantastic. 00:00:41.885 --> 00:00:43.060 He was a philosopher. 00:00:43.631 --> 00:00:44.801 He was a drum player. 00:00:44.825 --> 00:00:46.784 He was a teacher par excellence. 00:00:48.483 --> 00:00:51.140 Richard Feynman was also a showman, 00:00:51.164 --> 00:00:52.727 an enormous showman. 00:00:52.751 --> 00:00:55.186 He was brash, irreverent. 00:00:56.186 --> 00:01:00.976 He was full of macho, a kind of macho one-upmanship. 00:01:01.455 --> 00:01:05.058 He loved intellectual battle. 00:01:05.405 --> 00:01:08.054 He had a gargantuan ego. 00:01:09.157 --> 00:01:12.633 But the man had, somehow, 00:01:12.657 --> 00:01:15.109 a lot of room at the bottom. 00:01:15.133 --> 00:01:19.863 And what I mean by that is a lot of room, in my case -- 00:01:19.887 --> 00:01:22.976 I can't speak for anybody else, but in my case -- 00:01:23.000 --> 00:01:26.279 a lot of room for another big ego. 00:01:26.303 --> 00:01:27.693 Well, not as big as his, 00:01:27.717 --> 00:01:29.597 but fairly big. 00:01:30.890 --> 00:01:32.779 I always felt good with Dick Feynman. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:33.136 --> 00:01:35.110 It was always fun to be with him. 00:01:35.586 --> 00:01:37.348 He always made me feel smart. 00:01:37.753 --> 00:01:39.960 How can somebody like that make you feel smart? 00:01:39.984 --> 00:01:41.150 Somehow he did. 00:01:41.174 --> 00:01:43.634 He made me feel smart. He made me feel he was smart. 00:01:43.658 --> 00:01:45.609 He made me feel we were both smart, 00:01:45.633 --> 00:01:48.975 and the two of us could solve any problem whatever. 00:01:50.083 --> 00:01:53.091 And in fact, we did sometimes do physics together. 00:01:53.115 --> 00:01:55.160 We never published a paper together, 00:01:55.184 --> 00:01:56.644 but we did have a lot of fun. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:58.760 --> 00:01:59.976 He loved to win, 00:02:00.679 --> 00:02:03.379 win these little macho games we would sometimes play. 00:02:03.403 --> 00:02:06.667 And he didn't only play them with me, but with all sorts of people. 00:02:06.691 --> 00:02:08.528 He would almost always win. 00:02:08.552 --> 00:02:11.615 But when he didn't win, when he lost, 00:02:11.639 --> 00:02:14.276 he would laugh and seem to have just as much fun 00:02:14.300 --> 00:02:15.498 as if he had won. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:16.331 --> 00:02:18.479 I remember once he told me a story 00:02:18.503 --> 00:02:20.424 about a joke the students played on him. 00:02:20.892 --> 00:02:23.429 I think it was for his birthday -- 00:02:23.453 --> 00:02:24.870 they took him for lunch 00:02:24.894 --> 00:02:29.512 to a sandwich place in Pasadena. 00:02:29.536 --> 00:02:31.171 It may still exist; I don't know. 00:02:31.584 --> 00:02:34.166 Celebrity sandwiches was their thing. 00:02:34.190 --> 00:02:36.530 You could get a Marilyn Monroe sandwich. 00:02:36.554 --> 00:02:38.855 You could get a Humphrey Bogart sandwich. 00:02:39.373 --> 00:02:41.555 The students went there in advance, 00:02:41.579 --> 00:02:44.977 and arranged that they'd all order Feynman sandwiches. 00:02:45.001 --> 00:02:47.988 One after another, they came in and ordered Feynman sandwiches. 00:02:48.012 --> 00:02:49.240 Feynman loved this story. 00:02:49.264 --> 00:02:53.298 He told me this story, and he was really happy and laughing. 00:02:53.322 --> 00:02:56.072 When he finished the story, I said to him, 00:02:56.096 --> 00:02:58.959 "Dick, I wonder what would be the difference 00:02:58.983 --> 00:03:01.976 between a Feynman sandwich and a Susskind sandwich." 00:03:02.491 --> 00:03:04.506 And without skipping a beat at all, 00:03:04.530 --> 00:03:07.772 he said, "Well, they'd be about the same. 00:03:07.796 --> 00:03:11.118 The only difference is a Susskind sandwich would have a lot more ham." 00:03:11.142 --> 00:03:12.827 "Ham" as in bad actor. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:12.851 --> 00:03:14.375 (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:03:14.399 --> 00:03:17.809 Well, I happened to have been very quick that day, 00:03:17.833 --> 00:03:19.976 and I said, "Yeah, but a lot less baloney." NOTE Paragraph 00:03:20.000 --> 00:03:22.954 (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:03:22.978 --> 00:03:24.115 (Applause) NOTE Paragraph 00:03:24.139 --> 00:03:27.321 The truth of the matter 00:03:27.345 --> 00:03:31.327 is that a Feynman sandwich had a load of ham, 00:03:31.351 --> 00:03:34.130 but absolutely no baloney. 00:03:35.645 --> 00:03:37.918 What Feynman hated worse than anything else 00:03:37.942 --> 00:03:39.944 was intellectual pretense -- 00:03:39.968 --> 00:03:41.197 phoniness, 00:03:41.221 --> 00:03:43.648 false sophistication, jargon. 00:03:44.950 --> 00:03:49.218 I remember sometime during the mid-'80s, 00:03:49.242 --> 00:03:53.376 Dick and I and Sidney Coleman would meet a couple of times 00:03:53.400 --> 00:03:56.565 up in San Francisco -- at some very rich guy's house -- 00:03:56.589 --> 00:03:58.716 up in San Francisco for dinner. 00:03:58.740 --> 00:04:00.976 And the last time the rich guy invited us, 00:04:01.000 --> 00:04:03.136 he also invited a couple of philosophers. 00:04:03.160 --> 00:04:05.688 These guys were philosophers of mind. 00:04:05.712 --> 00:04:09.076 Their specialty was the philosophy of consciousness. 00:04:09.100 --> 00:04:11.790 And they were full of all kinds of jargon. 00:04:11.814 --> 00:04:14.210 I'm trying to remember the words -- 00:04:14.234 --> 00:04:18.124 "monism," "dualism," categories all over the place. 00:04:18.148 --> 00:04:21.722 I didn't know what those meant, neither did Dick or Sydney, for that matter. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:21.746 --> 00:04:23.516 And what did we talk about? 00:04:23.540 --> 00:04:26.115 Well, what do you talk about when you talk about minds? 00:04:26.139 --> 00:04:28.303 There's one obvious thing to talk about: 00:04:28.327 --> 00:04:29.976 Can a machine become a mind? 00:04:30.578 --> 00:04:32.307 Can you build a machine 00:04:32.331 --> 00:04:35.413 that thinks like a human being that is conscious? 00:04:35.841 --> 00:04:39.171 We sat around and talked about this -- we of course never resolved it. 00:04:39.195 --> 00:04:40.976 But the trouble with the philosophers 00:04:41.000 --> 00:04:42.976 is that they were philosophizing 00:04:43.000 --> 00:04:45.344 when they should have been science-ophizing. 00:04:45.788 --> 00:04:48.128 It's a scientific question, after all. 00:04:48.152 --> 00:04:51.059 And this was a very, very dangerous thing to do 00:04:51.083 --> 00:04:52.512 around Dick Feynman. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:52.536 --> 00:04:54.020 (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:04:55.278 --> 00:04:58.473 Feynman let them have it -- both barrels, right between the eyes. 00:04:58.497 --> 00:05:01.568 It was brutal; it was funny -- ooh, it was funny. 00:05:01.592 --> 00:05:03.305 But it was really brutal. 00:05:03.329 --> 00:05:05.279 He really popped their balloon. 00:05:06.065 --> 00:05:09.565 But the amazing thing was -- Feynman had to leave a little early; 00:05:09.589 --> 00:05:12.691 he wasn't feeling too well, so he left a little bit early. 00:05:12.715 --> 00:05:15.609 And Sidney and I were left there with the two philosophers. 00:05:15.633 --> 00:05:18.623 And the amazing thing is these guys were flying. 00:05:18.647 --> 00:05:20.463 They were so happy. 00:05:20.828 --> 00:05:23.082 They had met the great man; 00:05:23.106 --> 00:05:25.534 they had been instructed by the great man; 00:05:25.558 --> 00:05:27.499 they had an enormous amount of fun 00:05:27.523 --> 00:05:29.708 having their faces shoved in the mud ... 00:05:30.875 --> 00:05:33.334 And it was something special. 00:05:33.358 --> 00:05:36.747 I realized there was something just extraordinary about Feynman, 00:05:36.771 --> 00:05:40.585 even when he did what he did. NOTE Paragraph 00:05:43.414 --> 00:05:46.088 Dick -- he was my friend; I did call him Dick -- 00:05:46.112 --> 00:05:48.798 Dick and I had a little bit of a rapport. 00:05:48.822 --> 00:05:51.696 I think it may have been a special rapport that he and I had. 00:05:51.720 --> 00:05:54.343 We liked each other; we liked the same kind of things. 00:05:54.367 --> 00:05:57.850 I also like the intellectual macho games. 00:05:58.278 --> 00:06:00.358 Sometimes I would win, mostly he would win, 00:06:00.382 --> 00:06:01.976 but we both enjoyed them. 00:06:02.000 --> 00:06:04.390 And Dick became convinced at some point 00:06:04.414 --> 00:06:08.622 that he and I had some kind of similarity of personality. 00:06:09.226 --> 00:06:10.680 I don't think he was right. 00:06:10.704 --> 00:06:12.923 I think the only point of similarity between us 00:06:12.947 --> 00:06:15.145 is we both like to talk about ourselves. 00:06:15.169 --> 00:06:18.010 But he was convinced of this. 00:06:18.034 --> 00:06:21.088 And the man was incredibly curious. 00:06:21.112 --> 00:06:24.786 And he wanted to understand what it was and why it was 00:06:24.810 --> 00:06:27.637 that there was this funny connection. NOTE Paragraph 00:06:28.374 --> 00:06:30.058 And one day, we were walking. 00:06:30.082 --> 00:06:31.908 We were in France, in Les Houches. 00:06:31.932 --> 00:06:35.556 We were up in the mountains, 1976. 00:06:35.580 --> 00:06:39.838 And Feynman said to me, "Leonardo ..." 00:06:39.862 --> 00:06:42.897 The reason he called me "Leonardo" is because we were in Europe, 00:06:42.921 --> 00:06:44.572 and he was practicing his French. NOTE Paragraph 00:06:44.596 --> 00:06:46.716 (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:06:46.740 --> 00:06:49.963 And he said, "Leonardo, 00:06:49.987 --> 00:06:53.976 were you closer to your mother or your father when you were a kid?" 00:06:54.000 --> 00:06:56.976 I said, "Well, my real hero was my father. 00:06:58.057 --> 00:07:00.208 He was a working man, 00:07:00.232 --> 00:07:01.885 had a fifth-grade education. 00:07:02.375 --> 00:07:05.199 He was a master mechanic, and he taught me how to use tools. 00:07:05.223 --> 00:07:09.191 He taught me all sorts of things about mechanical things. 00:07:09.215 --> 00:07:11.246 He even taught me the Pythagorean theorem. 00:07:11.270 --> 00:07:13.223 He didn't call it the hypotenuse, 00:07:13.247 --> 00:07:15.315 he called it the shortcut distance." NOTE Paragraph 00:07:15.855 --> 00:07:18.632 And Feynman's eyes just opened up. 00:07:18.656 --> 00:07:20.249 He went off like a lightbulb. 00:07:21.011 --> 00:07:23.092 And he said that he had had 00:07:23.116 --> 00:07:26.275 basically exactly the same relationship with his father. 00:07:26.870 --> 00:07:30.290 In fact, he had been convinced at one time 00:07:30.314 --> 00:07:34.125 that to be a good physicist, 00:07:34.149 --> 00:07:37.482 it was very important to have had that kind of relationship 00:07:37.506 --> 00:07:38.662 with your father. 00:07:38.686 --> 00:07:41.692 I apologize for the sexist conversation here, 00:07:41.716 --> 00:07:43.576 but this is the way it really happened. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:43.600 --> 00:07:47.397 He said he had been absolutely convinced that this was necessary, 00:07:47.421 --> 00:07:51.060 a necessary part of the growing up of a young physicist. 00:07:51.655 --> 00:07:54.788 Being Dick, he, of course, wanted to check this. 00:07:54.812 --> 00:07:57.088 He wanted to go out and do an experiment. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:57.112 --> 00:07:58.128 (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:07:58.152 --> 00:07:59.304 Well, he did. 00:07:59.328 --> 00:08:00.986 He went out and did an experiment. 00:08:01.010 --> 00:08:03.925 He asked all his friends that he thought were good physicists, 00:08:03.949 --> 00:08:06.294 "Was it your mom or your pop that influenced you?" 00:08:06.318 --> 00:08:08.281 They were all men, 00:08:08.305 --> 00:08:10.935 and to a man, every single one of them said, 00:08:10.959 --> 00:08:12.183 "My mother." NOTE Paragraph 00:08:12.207 --> 00:08:15.274 (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:08:15.298 --> 00:08:19.298 There went that theory, down the trash can of history. NOTE Paragraph 00:08:19.322 --> 00:08:20.426 (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:08:20.450 --> 00:08:23.252 But he was very excited that he had finally met somebody 00:08:23.276 --> 00:08:26.872 who had the same experience with his father 00:08:26.896 --> 00:08:28.331 as he had with his father. 00:08:28.355 --> 00:08:32.480 And for some time, he was convinced this was the reason we got along so well. 00:08:32.504 --> 00:08:34.141 I don't know. Maybe. Who knows? NOTE Paragraph 00:08:34.600 --> 00:08:38.392 But let me tell you a little bit about Feynman the physicist. 00:08:40.622 --> 00:08:44.576 Feynman's style -- no, "style" is not the right word. 00:08:44.600 --> 00:08:47.445 "Style" makes you think of the bow tie he might have worn, 00:08:47.469 --> 00:08:48.770 or the suit he was wearing. 00:08:48.794 --> 00:08:50.713 It's something much deeper than that, 00:08:50.737 --> 00:08:52.808 but I can't think of another word for it. 00:08:52.832 --> 00:08:58.274 Feynman's scientific style was always to look for the simplest, 00:08:58.298 --> 00:09:02.213 most elementary solution to a problem that was possible. 00:09:02.237 --> 00:09:05.762 If it wasn't possible, you had to use something fancier. 00:09:06.469 --> 00:09:11.041 No doubt, part of this was his great joy and pleasure 00:09:11.065 --> 00:09:14.497 in showing people that he could think more simply than they could. 00:09:14.837 --> 00:09:17.996 But he also deeply believed, he truly believed, 00:09:18.020 --> 00:09:20.260 that if you couldn't explain something simply, 00:09:20.284 --> 00:09:21.815 you didn't understand it. 00:09:23.140 --> 00:09:26.393 In the 1950s, people were trying to figure out 00:09:26.417 --> 00:09:28.393 how superfluid helium worked. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:29.313 --> 00:09:30.489 There was a theory. 00:09:30.513 --> 00:09:32.924 It was due to a Russian mathematical physicist. 00:09:32.948 --> 00:09:34.358 It was a complicated theory; 00:09:34.382 --> 00:09:36.493 I'll tell you what it was soon enough. 00:09:36.517 --> 00:09:38.365 It was a terribly complicated theory, 00:09:38.389 --> 00:09:41.226 full of very difficult integrals and formulas 00:09:41.250 --> 00:09:43.075 and mathematics and so forth. 00:09:43.600 --> 00:09:46.837 And it sort of worked, but it didn't work very well. 00:09:46.861 --> 00:09:48.203 The only way it worked 00:09:48.227 --> 00:09:51.446 is when the helium atoms were very, very far apart. 00:09:51.470 --> 00:09:54.183 And unfortunately, 00:09:54.207 --> 00:09:57.365 the helium atoms in liquid helium are right on top of each other. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:57.389 --> 00:10:00.730 Feynman decided, as a sort of amateur helium physicist, 00:10:00.754 --> 00:10:03.004 that he would try to figure it out. 00:10:03.028 --> 00:10:05.432 He had an idea, a very clear idea. 00:10:05.456 --> 00:10:06.850 He would try to figure out 00:10:06.874 --> 00:10:11.950 what the quantum wave function of this huge number of atoms looked like. 00:10:11.974 --> 00:10:13.621 He would try to visualize it, 00:10:13.645 --> 00:10:16.576 guided by a small number of simple principles. 00:10:16.600 --> 00:10:19.576 The small number of simple principles were very, very simple. 00:10:19.600 --> 00:10:22.977 The first one was that when helium atoms touch each other, 00:10:23.001 --> 00:10:24.309 they repel. 00:10:24.333 --> 00:10:27.731 The implication of that is that the wave function has to go to zero, 00:10:27.755 --> 00:10:30.840 it has to vanish when the helium atoms touch each other. 00:10:30.864 --> 00:10:33.173 The other fact is that in the ground state -- 00:10:33.197 --> 00:10:35.934 the lowest energy state of a quantum system -- 00:10:35.958 --> 00:10:39.229 the wave function is always very smooth; 00:10:39.253 --> 00:10:41.348 it has the minimum number of wiggles. NOTE Paragraph 00:10:41.372 --> 00:10:42.900 So he sat down -- 00:10:42.924 --> 00:10:45.195 and I imagine he had nothing more 00:10:45.219 --> 00:10:47.632 than a simple piece of paper and a pencil -- 00:10:47.656 --> 00:10:49.896 and he tried to write down, and did write down, 00:10:49.920 --> 00:10:52.215 the simplest function that he could think of, 00:10:52.239 --> 00:10:54.216 which had the boundary conditions 00:10:54.240 --> 00:10:56.704 that the wave function vanish when things touch 00:10:56.728 --> 00:10:58.441 and is smooth in between. 00:10:59.233 --> 00:11:01.972 He wrote down a simple thing -- so simple, in fact, 00:11:01.996 --> 00:11:05.123 that I suspect a really smart high-school student 00:11:05.147 --> 00:11:06.576 who didn't even have calculus 00:11:06.600 --> 00:11:08.533 could understand what he wrote down. 00:11:09.077 --> 00:11:12.226 The thing was, that simple thing that he wrote down 00:11:12.250 --> 00:11:15.791 explained everything that was known at the time about liquid helium, 00:11:15.815 --> 00:11:17.088 and then some. NOTE Paragraph 00:11:17.504 --> 00:11:20.481 I've always wondered whether the professionals -- 00:11:20.505 --> 00:11:22.566 the real professional helium physicists -- 00:11:22.590 --> 00:11:24.757 were just a little bit embarrassed by this. 00:11:25.162 --> 00:11:27.831 They had their super-powerful technique, 00:11:27.855 --> 00:11:29.631 and they couldn't do as well. 00:11:29.655 --> 00:11:33.782 Incidentally, I'll tell you what that super-powerful technique was. 00:11:33.806 --> 00:11:36.355 It was the technique of Feynman diagrams. NOTE Paragraph 00:11:36.379 --> 00:11:38.236 (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:11:38.260 --> 00:11:41.014 He did it again in 1968. 00:11:41.521 --> 00:11:46.507 In 1968, in my own university -- I wasn't there at the time -- 00:11:46.531 --> 00:11:49.103 they were exploring the structure of the proton. 00:11:49.497 --> 00:11:53.113 The proton is obviously made of a whole bunch of little particles; 00:11:53.137 --> 00:11:55.077 this was more or less known. 00:11:55.522 --> 00:11:58.858 And the way to analyze it was, of course, Feynman diagrams. 00:11:58.882 --> 00:12:01.423 That's what Feynman diagrams were constructed for -- 00:12:01.447 --> 00:12:02.716 to understand particles. 00:12:03.234 --> 00:12:05.846 The experiments that were going on were very simple: 00:12:05.870 --> 00:12:07.205 you simply take the proton, 00:12:07.229 --> 00:12:09.839 and you hit it really sharply with an electron. 00:12:09.863 --> 00:12:12.554 This was the thing the Feynman diagrams were for. NOTE Paragraph 00:12:12.991 --> 00:12:17.054 The only problem was that Feynman diagrams are complicated. 00:12:17.078 --> 00:12:18.618 They're difficult integrals. 00:12:18.642 --> 00:12:21.813 If you could do all of them, you would have a very precise theory, 00:12:21.837 --> 00:12:24.414 but you couldn't -- they were just too complicated. 00:12:25.313 --> 00:12:26.774 People were trying to do them. 00:12:26.798 --> 00:12:29.718 You could do a one-loop diagram. Don't worry about one loop. 00:12:29.742 --> 00:12:32.747 One loop, two loops -- maybe you could do a three-loop diagram, 00:12:32.771 --> 00:12:34.825 but beyond that, you couldn't do anything. NOTE Paragraph 00:12:34.849 --> 00:12:36.493 Feynman said, "Forget all of that. 00:12:36.517 --> 00:12:37.988 Just think of the proton 00:12:38.012 --> 00:12:42.345 as an assemblage, a swarm, of little particles." 00:12:42.369 --> 00:12:44.020 He called them "partons." 00:12:44.044 --> 00:12:49.747 He said, "Just think of it as a swarm of partons moving real fast." 00:12:49.771 --> 00:12:51.858 Because they're moving real fast, 00:12:52.996 --> 00:12:57.098 relativity says the internal motions go very slow. 00:12:57.821 --> 00:12:59.433 The electron hits it suddenly -- 00:12:59.457 --> 00:13:03.514 it's like taking a very sudden snapshot of the proton. 00:13:04.153 --> 00:13:05.308 What do you see? 00:13:05.332 --> 00:13:09.366 You see a frozen bunch of partons. 00:13:09.390 --> 00:13:10.572 They don't move, 00:13:10.596 --> 00:13:13.652 and because they don't move during the course of the experiment, 00:13:13.676 --> 00:13:15.985 you don't have to worry about how they're moving. 00:13:16.009 --> 00:13:18.615 You don't have to worry about the forces between them. 00:13:18.639 --> 00:13:23.828 You just get to think of it as a population of frozen partons." 00:13:24.314 --> 00:13:27.778 This was the key to analyzing these experiments. 00:13:27.802 --> 00:13:30.576 Extremely effective. 00:13:30.987 --> 00:13:33.489 Somebody said the word "revolution" is a bad word. 00:13:33.513 --> 00:13:35.654 I suppose it is, so I won't say "revolution," 00:13:35.678 --> 00:13:41.180 but it certainly evolved very, very deeply our understanding of the proton, 00:13:41.204 --> 00:13:43.000 and of particles beyond that. NOTE Paragraph 00:13:43.370 --> 00:13:45.988 Well, I had some more that I was going to tell you 00:13:46.012 --> 00:13:47.669 about my connection with Feynman, 00:13:47.693 --> 00:13:48.867 what he was like, 00:13:48.891 --> 00:13:51.195 but I see I have exactly half a minute. 00:13:51.219 --> 00:13:55.146 So I think I'll just finish up by saying: 00:13:55.170 --> 00:13:57.966 I actually don't think Feynman would have liked this event. 00:13:57.990 --> 00:14:02.279 I think he would have said, "I don't need this." 00:14:02.882 --> 00:14:04.032 But ... NOTE Paragraph 00:14:04.056 --> 00:14:05.064 (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:14:05.088 --> 00:14:06.446 How should we honor Feynman? 00:14:06.470 --> 00:14:08.152 How should we really honor Feynman? 00:14:08.176 --> 00:14:11.320 I think the answer is we should honor Feynman 00:14:11.344 --> 00:14:15.306 by getting as much baloney out of our own sandwiches 00:14:15.330 --> 00:14:16.576 as we can. NOTE Paragraph 00:14:16.941 --> 00:14:18.092 Thank you. NOTE Paragraph 00:14:18.116 --> 00:14:21.317 (Applause)