WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.149 Menstruation. Your Period. Aunt Flo. 00:00:03.149 --> 00:00:05.329 Women’s Trouble. That Time of The Month. 00:00:05.329 --> 00:00:09.389 Coming Into Womanhood. The Crimson Wave. The Red Badge of Courage. 00:00:09.389 --> 00:00:12.240 Flying Your Colors. The Invasion of the Red Army. 00:00:12.240 --> 00:00:15.120 Riding the Cotton Pony. Full Stop. 00:00:15.500 --> 00:00:20.520 I have a feeling I may have lost the male demographic already… 00:00:20.670 --> 00:00:24.390 For something so little discussed, it has so many names. 00:00:24.390 --> 00:00:26.980 Menstruation has long been taboo across many cultures, 00:00:26.980 --> 00:00:28.630 with women’s cycles regarded 00:00:28.630 --> 00:00:31.020 as everything from inconvenient to unclean. 00:00:31.020 --> 00:00:32.380 With the creation and evolution 00:00:32.380 --> 00:00:34.540 of various feminine hygiene products 00:00:34.540 --> 00:00:38.509 a term which itself frames women as being in need of sanitation, 00:00:38.509 --> 00:00:40.450 the big red taboo remains, 00:00:40.450 --> 00:00:42.780 only now with brightly colored packaging 00:00:42.780 --> 00:00:45.280 and laughably unrealistic advertisements 00:00:45.280 --> 00:00:47.970 of blissfully happy menstruating women. 00:00:47.970 --> 00:00:50.220 With the introduction of tampons in the 1930s 00:00:50.220 --> 00:00:53.959 a new level of freedom was afforded to menstruating women everywhere. 00:00:53.959 --> 00:00:55.919 Or so they were told 00:00:55.919 --> 00:00:57.760 Underneath the sanitized imagery 00:00:57.760 --> 00:01:00.760 of these apparently revolutionary devices 00:01:00.760 --> 00:01:03.949 remains the inter-related and oft-neglected question: 00:01:03.949 --> 00:01:06.309 Are tampons vegan? 00:01:06.309 --> 00:01:08.560 And are they even safe? 00:01:12.430 --> 00:01:14.430 Hi it’s Emily from Bite Size Vegan 00:01:14.430 --> 00:01:16.410 and welcome to another vegan nugget. 00:01:16.410 --> 00:01:18.530 When I started researching for this topic, 00:01:18.530 --> 00:01:20.430 I figured it would be a relatively simple video 00:01:20.430 --> 00:01:21.650 to throw together. 00:01:21.650 --> 00:01:22.910 Twenty plus hours later, 00:01:22.910 --> 00:01:26.499 I found myself deep in a US patent document from 1997, 00:01:26.499 --> 00:01:30.999 tracing down various horrific tampon safety experiments from the 1980s. 00:01:30.999 --> 00:01:33.319 Starting with the obligatory Google search, 00:01:33.319 --> 00:01:37.089 I found a lot of people asking about the vegan status of tampons, 00:01:37.089 --> 00:01:40.650 but only uncertainty and vague supposition in response. 00:01:40.650 --> 00:01:43.030 Certainly they couldn’t be tested on animals. 00:01:43.030 --> 00:01:45.219 I mean, how would that even work? 00:01:45.219 --> 00:01:49.269 As I dug further into the legal history of tampon regulation and litigation, 00:01:49.279 --> 00:01:54.049 I realized that this video needed to encompass more than a simple yes or no. 00:01:54.049 --> 00:01:57.060 Today we’ll be looking at three inter-connected aspects of the 00:01:57.060 --> 00:02:00.860 tampon issue: women’s health, animal testing, and environmental 00:02:00.860 --> 00:02:04.550 impact, though this topic bleeds into many other areas as well... 00:02:04.550 --> 00:02:06.690 couldn't help myself... 00:02:06.690 --> 00:02:09.180 including important women's rights issues. 00:02:09.180 --> 00:02:11.698 We’ll spend a good bit of time on the health aspect 00:02:11.698 --> 00:02:14.768 because it lays the groundwork for both the animal testing 00:02:14.768 --> 00:02:16.789 and environmental impact aspects, 00:02:16.789 --> 00:02:20.500 and is incredibly vital information for women and girls to have. 00:02:20.500 --> 00:02:24.700 You can find chapter markers for navigation in the video description. 00:02:24.700 --> 00:02:28.200 I will have a list of resources, along with citations to everything I state, 00:02:28.200 --> 00:02:31.960 available on the blog post for this video if you want to delve deeper. 00:02:31.960 --> 00:02:35.870 This is a rich and complex subject that one could spend a week 00:02:35.870 --> 00:02:38.960 every month investigating and still have more to learn. 00:02:39.510 --> 00:02:40.959 Moving on… 00:02:40.959 --> 00:02:44.880 Feminine hygiene products are marketed as synonymous with feminine health. 00:02:44.880 --> 00:02:48.980 But are they, and tampons in particular, really in a woman’s best interest? 00:02:48.980 --> 00:02:53.029 When it comes to the health impact of tampons there are three main variables: 00:02:53.029 --> 00:02:56.740 the ingredients, the absorbency level, and the bleaching process. 00:02:56.740 --> 00:03:00.109 Each of these relates to two main health concerns: 00:03:00.109 --> 00:03:02.579 Toxic Shock Syndrome and dioxin exposure. 00:03:02.579 --> 00:03:05.259 To address each of these, we need a brief history 00:03:05.259 --> 00:03:07.239 of the little cotton rockets. 00:03:07.419 --> 00:03:11.649 Things have come a long way since the belted-on cotton rag contraptions of old, 00:03:11.649 --> 00:03:14.169 but really, tampons aren’t as new as you may think. 00:03:14.169 --> 00:03:16.860 Introduced commercially in Europe in the 1930s, 00:03:16.860 --> 00:03:21.610 they didn’t reach wide acceptance in the United States until around 1974, 00:03:21.610 --> 00:03:24.020 due to puritanical concerns that they threatened 00:03:24.020 --> 00:03:25.980 the integrity of a woman’s virginity. 00:03:25.980 --> 00:03:28.280 In 1974, Procter and Gable 00:03:28.280 --> 00:03:32.030 released the Rely brand tampon and American women joined 00:03:32.030 --> 00:03:35.330 their European counterparts in revolutionizing that time of the month. 00:03:35.330 --> 00:03:40.299 Because what woman doesn’t want “an assurance of daintiness [she’s] never known before” 00:03:40.299 --> 00:03:44.979 while doubled over in pain as her uterus plays out its personal Armageddon? 00:03:45.750 --> 00:03:50.200 As early as 1975, anecdotal evidence arose connecting Toxic Shock Syndrome 00:03:50.200 --> 00:03:51.360 to tampon use. 00:03:51.360 --> 00:03:56.040 Toxic Shock Syndrome, or TSS, is a rare but potentially fatal medical condition 00:03:56.040 --> 00:03:59.860 caused by toxins produced by a bacterium and characterized 00:03:59.860 --> 00:04:03.019 by fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, 00:04:03.019 --> 00:04:07.630 low blood pressure, rash, and sometimes seizures, among other symptoms. 00:04:07.630 --> 00:04:11.260 Regardless of this disturbing connection to their products, tampon companies 00:04:11.260 --> 00:04:15.230 didn’t investigate for five years, and only then when confronted 00:04:15.230 --> 00:04:19.250 by the Center for Disease Control and forced to pay damages to affected women. 00:04:19.250 --> 00:04:22.600 Finding the companies had literally no information about the effects 00:04:22.600 --> 00:04:25.700 of their products on vaginal physiology and microbiology, 00:04:25.700 --> 00:04:29.860 the CDC undertook it’s own tests and within 3-4 weeks 00:04:29.860 --> 00:04:33.850 had established that TSS was caused by a particular toxin secreted 00:04:33.850 --> 00:04:37.780 by a particular bacterial strain known as staphylococcus aureus. 00:04:37.780 --> 00:04:41.290 In the summer of 1980, the CDC recommended warnings be issued 00:04:41.290 --> 00:04:45.240 with tampons, a regulation which went into formal effect in 1982 00:04:45.240 --> 00:04:47.770 and remains today, as well as cautioned women 00:04:47.770 --> 00:04:52.150 that if they wanted to avoid the risk of TSS, to stop using tampons. 00:04:52.150 --> 00:04:56.000 The CDC report also found that Procter and Gamble’s Rely tampons 00:04:56.000 --> 00:04:58.250 carried the highest risk for TSS. 00:04:58.250 --> 00:05:01.390 Rely tampons were uniquely composed of carboxymethylcellulose 00:05:01.390 --> 00:05:03.680 and compressed beads of polyester 00:05:03.680 --> 00:05:06.970 while other companies utilized a blend of cotton and rayon. 00:05:06.970 --> 00:05:11.630 “It’s totally different from any other tampon. See Rely is made of two materials. 00:05:11.630 --> 00:05:16.410 Each has advantages of its own, but combined, they’re even better.” 00:05:16.600 --> 00:05:20.870 Originally tampons were 100% cotton, but in an effort to combat leakage, 00:05:20.870 --> 00:05:24.390 companies increased absorbency by introducing blends of synthetic fibers 00:05:24.390 --> 00:05:29.890 including polyester, polyacrylate rayon, carboxymehtylcellulose and viscose rayon. 00:05:29.890 --> 00:05:33.950 With the rise of TSS cases, all but cotton and rayon were phased out. 00:05:33.950 --> 00:05:36.350 While the Food and Drug Administration insists that rayon is safe. 00:05:36.350 --> 00:05:39.690 experts like Dr. Philip Tierno, director of microbiology 00:05:39.690 --> 00:05:43.380 and diagnostic immunology at New York University Medical Center, 00:05:43.380 --> 00:05:47.480 insists that 100% cotton tampons present the lowest risk. 00:05:47.480 --> 00:05:50.050 But before you run out to purchase a small cotton plantation 00:05:50.050 --> 00:05:54.020 for residence in your nether regions, it’s important to note that cotton 00:05:54.020 --> 00:05:59.560 is the dirtiest crop on the planet, occupying only 2.4% of the world’s cropland 00:05:59.560 --> 00:06:03.500 but using 16-25% of the world’s pesticides. 00:06:03.500 --> 00:06:07.380 Aldicarb, for example, a pesticide commonly used in cotton production, 00:06:07.380 --> 00:06:10.770 is so toxic that a single drop absorbed through the skin 00:06:10.770 --> 00:06:14.230 can kill an adult human. And let’s not forget Lauren Wasser, 00:06:14.230 --> 00:06:17.460 the model who at 24 years old had her right leg amputated 00:06:17.460 --> 00:06:21.060 due to Toxic Shock Syndrome contracted from Kotex Natural Balance. 00:06:21.060 --> 00:06:23.100 cotton tampons. Though she’s now 00:06:23.100 --> 00:06:26.330 she's doing excellent work challenging and redefining beauty standards. 00:06:26.330 --> 00:06:28.790 But tampon ingredients aren’t the only factor. 00:06:28.790 --> 00:06:31.790 In 1980 two influential studies were published 00:06:31.790 --> 00:06:34.040 which indicated that tampon absorbency rating 00:06:34.040 --> 00:06:37.350 was a greater risk factor for TSS than tampon ingredients, 00:06:37.350 --> 00:06:40.060 with the risk rising with absorbency level. 00:06:40.060 --> 00:06:44.800 The FDA sprung into action and four years later proposed the creation 00:06:44.800 --> 00:06:47.910 of federal regulations for absorbency standards. 00:06:47.910 --> 00:06:51.230 After only another five years of lively back and forth 00:06:51.230 --> 00:06:55.000 with industry leaders, the FDA finally released their ruling 00:06:55.000 --> 00:06:58.210 for “Ranges of Absorbency Labeling” for menstrual tampons 00:06:58.210 --> 00:07:03.160 on October 26th, 1989. Made it in under a decade. 00:07:03.160 --> 00:07:04.530 Well done. 00:07:05.000 --> 00:07:09.070 While women could now take comfort in the uniformity of tampon absorbency levels, 00:07:09.070 --> 00:07:12.100 it was still impossible for them to know exactly what they 00:07:12.100 --> 00:07:13.930 were putting in their bodies. 00:07:13.930 --> 00:07:16.770 As early as 1982, the FDA was asked to require 00:07:16.770 --> 00:07:20.560 ingredient labeling for tampons due to growing customer concerns. 00:07:20.560 --> 00:07:24.780 But despite the advice of its own Obstetrics-Gynecology Devices Panel, 00:07:24.780 --> 00:07:28.740 it refused to do so. For a product that has such prolonged 00:07:28.740 --> 00:07:31.990 and intimate contact with one of the most sensitive and absorbent 00:07:31.990 --> 00:07:34.850 part of the body, the nondisclosure of ingredients 00:07:34.850 --> 00:07:36.370 is unsettling at best. 00:07:36.370 --> 00:07:39.810 Because the FDA classifies tampons as medical devices, companies 00:07:39.810 --> 00:07:43.270 are under no obligation to reveal what’s in their tampons. 00:07:43.270 --> 00:07:45.950 Which leads us to the second major health concern: 00:07:45.950 --> 00:07:48.640 dioxin exposure in relation to the bleaching process 00:07:48.640 --> 00:07:50.190 of tampon production. 00:07:50.190 --> 00:07:52.670 Dioxins are a group of chemically-related compounds 00:07:52.670 --> 00:07:54.990 that are persistent environmental pollutants 00:07:54.990 --> 00:07:58.500 which, due to their fat solubility, accumulate and remain in the body 00:07:58.500 --> 00:08:00.490 for 7-11 years. 00:08:00.490 --> 00:08:04.470 According to the World Health organization, “dioxins are highly toxic 00:08:04.470 --> 00:08:06.800 and can cause reproductive and developmental problems, 00:08:06.800 --> 00:08:11.390 damage the immune system, interfere with hormones and also cause cancer.” 00:08:11.390 --> 00:08:15.560 While the majority of dioxins people come into contact with are through meat, dairy, 00:08:15.560 --> 00:08:18.860 fish and shellfish consumption, they are also a byproduct 00:08:18.860 --> 00:08:22.720 of the chlorine bleaching process used in the manufacture of paper products, 00:08:22.720 --> 00:08:24.800 including the rayon in tampons. 00:08:24.800 --> 00:08:29.700 In 1987, an FDA scientist stated that, “It is critical to an adequate risk assessment 00:08:29.700 --> 00:08:33.230 that the level of dioxins in tampons, sanitary pads, diapers, 00:08:33.230 --> 00:08:34.740 and other medical devices be measured. 00:08:34.740 --> 00:08:38.569 The capacity to measure such levels exists within FDA. 00:08:38.569 --> 00:08:39.929 Extraction data for dioxin from these products... 00:08:39.929 --> 00:08:43.039 would improve the accuracy of any risk assessment.” 00:08:43.039 --> 00:08:46.549 Yet the FDA again refused the advice of its own people, 00:08:46.549 --> 00:08:50.219 saying there wasn’t adequate data on dioxins to warrant labeling. 00:08:50.219 --> 00:08:54.619 Later in 1990, along with the EPA and Consumer Product Safety Commission, 00:08:54.619 --> 00:08:58.239 the FDA authored a study of risks related to products containing 00:08:58.239 --> 00:09:02.509 chlorine-bleached wood pulp and found the dioxin levels to be negligible. 00:09:02.509 --> 00:09:05.729 However, numerous specialists disagreed with their conclusion. 00:09:05.729 --> 00:09:10.280 One particularly firm voice was that of House Representative Carolyn B. Maloney, 00:09:10.280 --> 00:09:14.580 who introduced a bill on November 7, 1997 proposing an act entitled 00:09:14.580 --> 00:09:18.119 “The Tampon Safety and Research Act of 1997.” 00:09:18.119 --> 00:09:21.489 The act “provided for research to determine the extent to which 00:09:21.489 --> 00:09:25.310 the presence of dioxin, synthetic fibers, and other additives in menstrual 00:09:25.310 --> 00:09:28.360 tampons pose any risk to the health of women.” 00:09:28.360 --> 00:09:32.039 Sadly, Maloney’s act was not passed. But, ever persistent, 00:09:32.039 --> 00:09:34.259 she resubmitted it in 1999, 00:09:34.259 --> 00:09:35.300 2003, 00:09:35.300 --> 00:09:36.540 2005, 00:09:36.540 --> 00:09:37.426 2008, 00:09:37.426 --> 00:09:38.384 2011, 00:09:38.384 --> 00:09:39.082 2014 00:09:39.082 --> 00:09:40.791 and 2015, 00:09:40.791 --> 00:09:45.960 now calling it “The Robin Danielson Act,” after a woman who died from TSS in 1998. 00:09:45.960 --> 00:09:49.680 An important element of Maloney’s argument remains that the FDA itself 00:09:49.680 --> 00:09:53.010 doesn’t monitor dioxin levels, but rather relies on companies 00:09:53.010 --> 00:09:55.330 to self-monitor and submit reports. 00:09:55.330 --> 00:09:58.740 Because if ever there were someone the honor system was made for, 00:09:58.740 --> 00:10:02.260 it’s faceless multi-billion dollar corporations! 00:10:02.260 --> 00:10:06.600 The dioxin levels found to be negligible by these organizations are based 00:10:06.600 --> 00:10:08.870 on one tampon, negating the accumulation 00:10:08.870 --> 00:10:09.900 within the body. 00:10:09.900 --> 00:10:12.660 Maloney compares this to basing the health risks of smoking 00:10:12.660 --> 00:10:14.250 on one cigarette. 00:10:14.250 --> 00:10:18.270 While tampon companies have moved from the original chlorine gas bleaching methods 00:10:18.270 --> 00:10:21.569 to either elemental chlorine-free bleaching or totally 00:10:21.569 --> 00:10:25.209 chlorine-free bleaching, most manufacturers use the former, 00:10:25.209 --> 00:10:27.399 which still produces dioxins. 00:10:27.399 --> 00:10:30.649 Now know what you must be thinking. “Okay, okay, I get it! 00:10:30.649 --> 00:10:34.859 Tampons are toxic, infection-filled cancer sticks for my naughty bits. 00:10:34.859 --> 00:10:36.569 It’s a tamponspiracy! 00:10:36.569 --> 00:10:40.509 But what’s that got to do with veganism?” I’m so glad you asked. 00:10:40.509 --> 00:10:42.449 Well, with all the aforementioned safety issues, 00:10:42.449 --> 00:10:46.549 scientists of course realized that the only way to keep women safe 00:10:46.549 --> 00:10:49.920 from the great white threat was to torture and kill mice, rabbits, 00:10:49.920 --> 00:10:53.619 chickens, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, sheep, goats and baboons. 00:10:53.619 --> 00:10:57.350 Because nothing says feminine daintiness like brutal vivisection. 00:10:58.400 --> 00:11:01.979 While I’ve always had to dig down several layers to get to the substantial 00:11:01.979 --> 00:11:06.419 studies when I’ve researched animal testing for particular products like medication, 00:11:06.419 --> 00:11:09.410 cigarettes or what have you, there’s always been some readily 00:11:09.410 --> 00:11:13.550 accessible information with which to start. This was not the case with tampons. 00:11:13.550 --> 00:11:18.460 Outside of questions and debates on vegan forums and a totally uncited excerpt 00:11:18.460 --> 00:11:22.029 posted and reposted on vegan tumblrs, I couldn’t find specific information 00:11:22.029 --> 00:11:25.250 on how or even if tampons are tested on animals. 00:11:25.250 --> 00:11:30.000 However, much like nature’s gift to women, I’m nothing if not persistent. 00:11:30.000 --> 00:11:31.999 I eventually found my way to a document for 00:11:31.999 --> 00:11:36.819 US Patent number 5641503 A for additives to tampons, 00:11:36.819 --> 00:11:41.449 filed on January 13th, 1995 and published June 24th, 1997, on behalf 00:11:41.449 --> 00:11:47.349 of Mcneil-Ppc, Inc, owned by the more widely known Johnson & Johnson. 00:11:47.349 --> 00:11:49.530 This document described several experiments, 00:11:49.530 --> 00:11:53.620 giving me just enough to search out the original papers as a starting place. 00:11:53.620 --> 00:11:57.390 Now I’m not sure the difficulty of finding such studies was purposeful 00:11:57.390 --> 00:12:00.690 but it was certainly in the best interest of tampon producers everywhere. 00:12:00.690 --> 00:12:03.079 I’ll briefly describe some choice examples 00:12:03.079 --> 00:12:06.639 of the very un-vegan side of tampons, but do refer to the blog post 00:12:06.639 --> 00:12:09.639 for links to additional and more thorough examples. 00:12:09.639 --> 00:12:11.660 And I won’t be showing anything graphic. 00:12:11.660 --> 00:12:14.419 The studies were hard enough to find let alone photos. 00:12:14.419 --> 00:12:16.669 To start, almost every experiment I encountered, 00:12:16.669 --> 00:12:20.979 whether using live animals or not, at least employed the use of rabbits’ blood 00:12:20.979 --> 00:12:25.289 and either bovine brain heart agar, which is exactly what it sounds like, 00:12:25.289 --> 00:12:29.149 or some sort of beef heart medium, with several also employing 00:12:29.149 --> 00:12:32.230 sheep erythrocytes, and one using fetal calf serum. 00:12:32.230 --> 00:12:37.160 A rather unique study incubated fertilized hen’s eggs for 11 days and then injected 00:12:37.160 --> 00:12:42.410 the live chicken embryos with Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin One, knows as TSST-1. 00:12:42.410 --> 00:12:47.439 The embryos were then “examined for death 24 hours after the injection.” 00:12:47.439 --> 00:12:50.780 Rabbit models for tampon safety come in several variations. 00:12:50.780 --> 00:12:54.700 Some rabbits received multiple intradermal injections into their backs 00:12:54.700 --> 00:13:00.499 of the TSS toxin over a period of 7 weeks at which point “the rabbits were bled.” 00:13:00.499 --> 00:13:03.379 One experiment described strapping the rabbits into a rack 00:13:03.379 --> 00:13:06.270 for four hours to acclimate them so they’d fight less 00:13:06.270 --> 00:13:08.170 when restrained for injection. 00:13:08.170 --> 00:13:11.839 Then their “deaths were recorded and surviving rabbits were observed after 00:13:11.839 --> 00:13:15.709 four days for gross myocardial and liver necrosis.” Some were also 00:13:15.709 --> 00:13:19.680 given endotoxins “to determine their susceptibility to lethal shock.” 00:13:19.680 --> 00:13:23.809 Other methods implanted subcutaneous diffusion chambers under the rabbits’ skin 00:13:23.809 --> 00:13:25.639 for a steady release of toxins. 00:13:25.639 --> 00:13:29.089 One such experiment included that their diffusion chambers were made 00:13:29.089 --> 00:13:31.779 of “perforated polyethylene gold balls.” 00:13:31.779 --> 00:13:34.900 Yet other rabbits had four diffusion chambers implanted 00:13:34.900 --> 00:13:38.630 in their uteruses, releasing toxins directly into their wombs. 00:13:38.630 --> 00:13:41.009 The chambers were “recovered at the time of death 00:13:41.009 --> 00:13:44.220 or after 14 days when the experiment was terminated,” 00:13:44.220 --> 00:13:47.489 at which time all remaining rabbits were killed and dissected. 00:13:47.489 --> 00:13:51.360 Some rabbits endured the repeated vaginal insertion of actual tampons 00:13:51.360 --> 00:13:54.450 laced with live TSST positive bacteria. 00:13:54.450 --> 00:13:58.079 In one such experiment, rabbits had an infected tampon inserted 00:13:58.079 --> 00:14:01.760 and left for four hours before having it removed and the process repeated 00:14:01.760 --> 00:14:04.280 with a sterile tampon, and then again with a third 00:14:04.280 --> 00:14:09.209 that was left in for 14-16 hours to simulate overnight usage. 00:14:09.209 --> 00:14:12.459 Menstruation was simulated by injecting a mixture of rabbit blood 00:14:12.459 --> 00:14:15.479 and bovine serum albumin into the rabbits’ vaginas 00:14:15.479 --> 00:14:17.169 once the tampons were in place. 00:14:17.169 --> 00:14:21.079 Perhaps the most bizarre iteration was an experiment where tampons 00:14:21.079 --> 00:14:25.850 were inserted subcutaneously into the tissue on the back of the rabbits’ necks. 00:14:25.850 --> 00:14:28.769 The forced vaginal insertion of toxin-laced tampons 00:14:28.769 --> 00:14:32.339 was also inflicted upon baboons, with one experiment leaving them in 00:14:32.339 --> 00:14:35.449 for twelve hours at a time “to allow for additional growth 00:14:35.449 --> 00:14:40.240 of staphylococcus aureus and TSST-1 production within the vaginal cavity.” 00:14:40.240 --> 00:14:44.430 Guinea pigs also received intravaginal innoculations of the TSS toxin 00:14:44.430 --> 00:14:47.820 and other associated strains in an experiment carried out 00:14:47.820 --> 00:14:51.279 at a University 15 minutes from where I currently live. 00:14:51.419 --> 00:14:55.309 One report used terminology I’ve never before seen in a scientific paper 00:14:55.309 --> 00:14:58.059 stating that the rabbits who hadn’t already died 00:14:58.059 --> 00:15:02.549 were “sacrificed” for dissection, a term which actually captures 00:15:02.549 --> 00:15:05.279 rather simply the main argument for animal testing. 00:15:05.279 --> 00:15:08.539 Namely that it’s a necessary sacrifice for the greater good. 00:15:08.539 --> 00:15:11.819 I have an entire video series on animal testing delving into 00:15:11.819 --> 00:15:14.489 this argument and more, but a summary review 00:15:14.489 --> 00:15:17.720 on Toxic Shock Syndrome research from within the scientific community 00:15:17.720 --> 00:15:21.409 itself and one that’s in favor of continued experimentation, 00:15:21.409 --> 00:15:23.209 says it better than I ever could: 00:15:23.209 --> 00:15:27.810 “That S. aureus strains produce a wide number of extracellular products… 00:15:27.810 --> 00:15:31.019 which cause severe biologic effects in some animals makes it difficult 00:15:31.019 --> 00:15:35.049 to confirm that the symptoms noted in animals given TSST-1 or infected 00:15:35.049 --> 00:15:40.079 with TSST-1-producing strains are specific for TSS in humans.” 00:15:40.079 --> 00:15:43.189 Basically meaning because these are mice, rabbits, rats, hamsters, 00:15:43.189 --> 00:15:46.979 guinea pigs, monkeys, sheep, goats, and baboons, and not humans, 00:15:46.979 --> 00:15:51.290 the results can’t be relied upon as indicators of human reactions. 00:15:51.290 --> 00:15:53.270 So what was the point? 00:15:53.560 --> 00:15:57.969 Well, the report assures that “Nonetheless, most animal model data 00:15:57.969 --> 00:16:01.269 relating to the effects of TSST-1 strongly support its role 00:16:01.269 --> 00:16:04.219 as the most prominent toxin causing TSS.” 00:16:04.369 --> 00:16:05.589 Excellent. 00:16:05.589 --> 00:16:09.309 Now we know that the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin Number One 00:16:09.309 --> 00:16:13.109 is the most prominent cause of Toxic Shock Syndrome. 00:16:13.109 --> 00:16:16.149 I’m sure every one of those beings who was injected, 00:16:16.149 --> 00:16:22.009 cut into, raped with toxin-laced tampons, and “sacrificed” can rest easy knowing 00:16:22.009 --> 00:16:26.239 their invaluable contribution to science was not in vain. 00:16:27.139 --> 00:16:30.740 While most of the specific experiments I described were from the eighties 00:16:30.740 --> 00:16:34.180 and nineties, with a few in the 2000’s this kind of experimentation 00:16:34.180 --> 00:16:38.120 continues today all over the world, right in our own backyards. 00:16:38.120 --> 00:16:40.960 Now if what we’ve covered already isn’t reason enough to ditch 00:16:40.960 --> 00:16:43.719 the little toxic seeds of vaginal destruction, 00:16:43.719 --> 00:16:47.419 let’s briefly look into the environmental impact of our Monthly Visitor 00:16:47.419 --> 00:16:52.380 The average woman will throw away 250-300 pounds of menstruation products 00:16:52.380 --> 00:16:56.430 including as many as 16,800 tampons in her lifetime. 00:16:56.430 --> 00:17:00.599 While both tampons and pads leach chemicals, including dioxins, into the water 00:17:00.599 --> 00:17:04.239 and soil, tampons in particular are a major hazard to marine life. 00:17:04.239 --> 00:17:07.049 The buoyant applicators can float out for miles and are often eaten 00:17:07.049 --> 00:17:10.740 by marine wildlife, becoming lodged in their digestive tracts, 00:17:10.740 --> 00:17:12.440 causing them to slowly starve to death. 00:17:12.440 --> 00:17:16.020 Some also contain bisphenol A, an endocrine disruptor 00:17:16.020 --> 00:17:18.950 proven to have harmful effects on aquatic wildlife. 00:17:18.950 --> 00:17:22.620 Used tampons and pads can harbor harmful pathogens and bacteria, 00:17:22.620 --> 00:17:27.470 and their decomposition in landfills is unlikely to impossible with a 2005 study 00:17:27.470 --> 00:17:32.010 showing tampons to be the slowest to degrade of all paper/cotton products. 00:17:32.010 --> 00:17:33.560 I think it’s safe to say, after all of this, 00:17:33.560 --> 00:17:36.560 that mainstream tampons are decidedly not vegan 00:17:36.560 --> 00:17:39.380 and very, very likely, not safe. 00:17:39.380 --> 00:17:42.770 So what’s a girl to do when the Uterine Ninjas arrive? 00:17:42.770 --> 00:17:47.050 Well, luckily there are alternatives which I have links to on the blog post. 00:17:47.050 --> 00:17:50.230 There are several brands of 100% organic cotton tampons, 00:17:50.230 --> 00:17:53.590 which sidesteps the toxic chemicals of conventional cotton 00:17:53.590 --> 00:17:57.130 and the questionable affects of rayon, though can still contribute 00:17:57.130 --> 00:17:59.750 to pollution even if labeled biodegradable. 00:17:59.750 --> 00:18:04.090 The ones I have listed on the blog post have clear no animal testing policies. 00:18:04.090 --> 00:18:07.710 An alternative that checks all the boxes is a menstrual cup, 00:18:07.710 --> 00:18:10.390 which, believe it or not, even predates the tampon, 00:18:10.390 --> 00:18:13.720 with the first known concept arising in 1867. 00:18:13.720 --> 00:18:17.610 Though distributed since the 1930’s, menstrual cups have not seen 00:18:17.610 --> 00:18:21.380 the same success as tampons, possibly in part because of their lack 00:18:21.380 --> 00:18:23.630 of built in obsolescence, meaning most of the companies 00:18:23.630 --> 00:18:25.630 are small and independently run. 00:18:25.630 --> 00:18:28.970 Options include the Keeper, the Diva Cup, and more. 00:18:28.970 --> 00:18:31.590 Additionally, for your pads, as they are composed of the same 00:18:31.590 --> 00:18:35.640 questionable materials and toxins, and just as environmentally destructive, 00:18:35.640 --> 00:18:39.330 there are reusable cloth options like GladRags and Lunapads, 00:18:39.330 --> 00:18:41.510 with organic non-bleached options. 00:18:41.510 --> 00:18:45.920 Both the cups and reusable pads have to struggle against societal norms 00:18:45.920 --> 00:18:50.240 and menstruation taboos as they require a bit more intimacy with your own anatomy. 00:18:50.240 --> 00:18:53.490 But when you think of your health, the needless torture of animals, 00:18:53.490 --> 00:18:56.960 and the destruction of the planet and its marine life, getting a little more 00:18:56.960 --> 00:19:00.620 acquainted with your private parts seems a small price to pay. 00:19:00.620 --> 00:19:05.410 And since cups and cloth last for years, you actually save money! 00:19:05.410 --> 00:19:09.600 I hope that this video has been helpful. It’s far longer than I originally envisioned 00:19:09.600 --> 00:19:13.820 but in seeing how very little reliable information is out there on this topic, 00:19:13.820 --> 00:19:15.320 I really wanted to be thorough. 00:19:15.320 --> 00:19:19.230 Menstruation is nothing to be ashamed of or secretive about. 00:19:19.230 --> 00:19:22.240 Just like the importance of exposing the animal products industries, 00:19:22.240 --> 00:19:25.850 it’s only when we shine a light on what’s hidden that we can know what we 00:19:25.850 --> 00:19:29.510 are supporting and choose to make different decisions from here on out. 00:19:29.700 --> 00:19:33.480 The time it took to produce this video clocks in at about [62 hours]. 00:19:33.480 --> 00:19:36.770 If you’d like to help support Bite Size Vegan so I can keep 00:19:36.770 --> 00:19:39.920 putting in the long hours to bring you this educational resource, 00:19:39.920 --> 00:19:43.100 please check out the support links in the video description below where you can give 00:19:43.100 --> 00:19:46.550 a one-time donation or receive perks and rewards for your support 00:19:46.550 --> 00:19:50.390 by joining the Nugget Army, the link for that is also in the iCard sidebar. 00:19:50.390 --> 00:19:55.810 I’d like to give a special thanks my $50 and above patrons and my whole Patreon family 00:19:55.810 --> 00:19:58.730 for making this and all of my videos possible. 00:19:58.730 --> 00:20:00.740 You are beyond awesomtastic. 00:20:00.740 --> 00:20:03.490 Now I’d love to hear your thoughts on this red-hot report. 00:20:03.490 --> 00:20:05.570 Did you know this information about tampons? 00:20:05.570 --> 00:20:09.150 What alternatives do you use or think you’d like to try in place 00:20:09.150 --> 00:20:12.840 of those treacherous tomes of toxic death? Let me know in the comments! 00:20:12.840 --> 00:20:15.880 If you enjoyed this video, please give it a thumbs up and share it around 00:20:15.880 --> 00:20:19.570 to help inform other women and girls. If you’re new, be sure to hit 00:20:19.570 --> 00:20:22.900 that big red subscribe button down there for more awesome vegan content 00:20:22.900 --> 00:20:25.110 every Monday, Wednesday, and some Fridays. 00:20:25.110 --> 00:20:27.286 Now go live vegan, Ride the Crimson Wave 00:20:27.286 --> 00:20:30.166 on the Cotton Pony, and I’ll see you soon. 00:20:30.986 --> 00:20:34.462 I just discovered something great! It's Rely. 00:20:34.462 --> 00:20:38.792 A new tampon from Proctor and Gamble. It's really different and better. 00:20:38.792 --> 00:20:43.184 Really a better tampon. Remember they named it Rely. 00:20:43.784 --> 00:20:48.262 If you use Rely Tampons here is an important message from Proctor and Gamble. 00:20:48.262 --> 00:20:53.019 Women who use Rely Tampons should stop using them and return any unused 00:20:53.019 --> 00:20:55.268 product to Proctor and Gamble for a refund. 00:20:55.268 --> 00:20:59.309 Proctor and Gamble has suspended the sale of Rely tampons. 00:20:59.309 --> 00:21:02.835 This action has been taken until more is known about a new disease 00:21:02.835 --> 00:21:07.699 called Toxic Shock Syndrome. Some studies suggest that Rely Tampons 00:21:07.699 --> 00:21:10.500 increase the risk more than other tampon brands. 00:21:10.500 --> 00:21:13.453 We advise you to stop using Rely tampons. 00:21:14.603 --> 00:21:16.802 Remember they named it Rely