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[How to transcribe]

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Transcribing means creating[br]same-language subtitles.

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OK, but what do we need transcripts for?

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Well, same-language subtitles[br]help in three ways.

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They allow[br]Deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers

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to access the talk.

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They help to spread[br]the ideas in the talk online,

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because once a video has a transcript,

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it will show up in Google[br]when people search for related topics.

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And finally, once a talk has a transcript,

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it can be translated into other languages[br]and set free into the world.

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So, OK, what's transcribing like?

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Generally, while transcribing,[br]you'll type down what you hear

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and set up the time[br]when the subtitle shows up

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and when it disappears.

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However, there are a few[br]other simple rules

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to keep in mind while you're working[br]on your transcript.

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Don't transcribe slips of the tongue[br]and obvious mistakes,

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like when the speaker says[br]"we thinks" instead of "we think."

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Make every subtitle[br]a clean little bit of text,

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even if the speaker[br]changes their mind mid-sentence

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or is struggling with grammar[br]when giving a talk in a foreign language.

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Keep to the limits for line length,[br]subtitle length and reading speed.

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And remember that,[br]just like when you're translating,

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on rare occasions,[br]when adjusting the timing doesn't help,

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you will need to compress[br]the text in the subtitle

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to maintain the reading speed.

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Try to synchronize the subtitle[br]with what is being said.

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It's OK to have your subtitle run a little[br]into the time the next sentence is spoken,

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especially if you need that[br]for good reading speed.

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However, don't start your subtitle[br]more than about 100 milliseconds

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before the next sentence is spoken.

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Otherwise, you'll be giving the viewer[br]a weird sense of precognition

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when they see the speaker's body language[br]doesn't match the subtitle.

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And don't let the subtitle stay[br]on the screen longer than about 1 second

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after the speaker says[br]the equivalent bit of speech.

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Don't end the subtitle[br]with a bit of the next sentence.

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As much as possible, make your subtitles[br]full sentences or clauses.

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This will make them easier to follow,

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but it will also make them[br]easier to translate,

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since the grammar of the target language

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may make it impossible[br]to divide the sentence

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the way it's split up in the transcript.

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Include sound information[br]for Deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers.

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Using parentheses,

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indicate where there's laughter,[br]music and applause,

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identify off-screen speaker changes

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and describe every other sound[br]essential to understanding the talk.

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Don't have any subtitle display[br]shorter than 1 second and longer than 7.

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For longer bits of music or applause,

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just let the sound information display[br]for the first 3 seconds,

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and then indicate when the sound ends.

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If there is on-screen text[br]in the language of the talk,

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like embedded subtitles[br]in a video played on the stage,

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transcribe this text if it's possible[br]without overlapping other subtitles.

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This will allow that on-screen text[br]to be translated into other languages.

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And to indicate that it's on-screen text[br]and not what the speaker is saying,

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use square brackets.

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Do some research to get the right spelling[br]of the proper names used in the talk.

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If you can't make out[br]what the speaker is saying,

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ask in the "I transcribe TEDx talks" group

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or in your language's group on Facebook.

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And most of all,[br]remember that by transcribing,

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you're doing the whole world[br]a great service,

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because you allow the ideas in the talk[br]to reach a wider, global audience.

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If you want to learn more[br]about transcribing,

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check out our more detailed guide,[br]"How to tackle a Transcript."

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And for now,[br]happy transcribing and translating!