As you saw, most situations 
and ideas,

created or perpetuated 
by the monetary system

are: immoral, insufficient, and based 
more on imagination than reality.

Moreover, these situations, ideas and 
problems can be solved, or improved,

by the abundance of goods and 
services, as well as education.

But, as we have seen, these solutions cannot 
be applied in the monetary system

which has created or perpetuated them.

To move to a resource based economy, a system 
without wars, politics, or poverty,

a society which will produce a significant 
reduction of criminality,

by creating abundance,

you must ask some questions, 
about the current system.

We saw that the monetary system,

which relies heavily on the agreement of 
individuals to accept papers as valuable

and auto limitation through money

(although they no longer have 
any relevance today),

maintains a constant inequality 
between people,

creating social classes

(functions, degree of education, etc.),

which leads directly to a 
system with problems.

To judge another system, another 
organization of human beings,

you should relate to 
your current system.

So, do not forget.

- In this system you do not 
choose to participate.

- Even if you choose 
not to participate,

it's almost impossible to 
survive due to restrictions.

Same happens with access 
to information, comfort, etc.

- Monetary system relies 
heavily on imagination.

Think about the documents 
that create your identity.

These are only papers, and 
are very easy to replicate.

How can the monetary system 
be trusted

when there are many people on planet 
Earth that replicate various currencies,

and use them like citizens of this system do, 
without working for them.

When every day millions 
of spam is sent,

thousands of them scams struggling 
to obtain money unlawfully.

We live in an unequal society, because 
of this inequality among us

we have to guard our goods to 
prevent others from stealing.

How can you feel safe 
in a society like that?

How are you not saddened 
by the fact

that there are so many people 
without anything in this system.

Deprivation is a mockery 
of humanity.

How are you not afraid that people 
who have nothing to lose

might kill you for food, 
like wild animals.

How do you walk on the streets, 
knowing that there are thousands,

if not millions, of such people, 
who have no food to survive.

Or, how do you accept that individuals 
from your own species are starving?

How do you pass by those people, 
and remain indifferent?

- Jay, we are here in Cleveland 
Ohio, you are homeless,

- Yes sir. 
- Tell me about it.

- It's extremely difficult these days,

like many other people I lost my job,

my home was foreclosed, I worn out being 
homeless... about 2 years now.

There are groups... support groups.

They will help you with 
certain things, but

It's like you get the run around 
everywhere you go.

"See this guy", "see this guy", 
"see that guy"

I would like to see it possible 
that these services

and things that are available

could be condensed into 
one central group.

one bureau, or whatever 
you might call it

Where you can go and get 
whatever need you have

to a certain place, not be 
running over here for this

over there for that, 
back here for this

come back Tuesday, 
come back Friday...

You spend your time spinning your 
wheels not getting what you need.

- How do you survive?

- I survive with a little bit 
of help from food stamps

and a few friends that I have 
helping me here and there...

Shelters, churches that 
are nice enough,

like this one centrally here.

They'll provide you at least a 
good meal on the weekend...

And just faith. 
Just keep trying...

- If you had three wishes, 
what would they be?

- If I had three wishes...

I believe first I would wish that everyone 
would treat everyone as equals.

The man that has a $100,000 dollar job,

is no better person than the guy that is picking
up garbage on the corner for somebody.

We are all the same, we 
are all human beings.

Why can't we just help each other?

That would be my first wish...

And I think if everyone get that, I might 
not even need two more wishes.

If everybody helped everybody 
and got along, we'd all be alright.

- Thank you very much for 
talking to me. - Yes sir.

In a system with so much deprivation

we have prisons that offer a bed,

daily food, and a roof over your head.

Some even have special programs 
for inmates to be entertained

and allow them to learn.

It’s insane to think that people that 
do nothing wrong battle to survive

but those that harm others have the 
necessities of life provided for them.

How do you remain calm,

when the justice system is based on a 
language that is subject to interpretation.

Everything you say, can be interpreted 
the way the listener wants.

How safe do you feel knowing that 
you are obedient in front of authority,

obedience which is driven by the fear of 
being deprived of your current status.

Remember, that the monetary system 
is a surface system.

You recognize people by uniform, 
or some documents, papers,

and this is dangerous, because 
they can be forged easily.

How do you trust the food, 
offered by the system,

when it is produced by companies 
that just want profit.

Consider advertising methods, that encourage 
you to buy low-quality products,

which don’t perform 
as well as they claim.

What do you think about those 
people, in advertising,

that take advantage of 
your subconscious,

making you a prolific consumer.

That do tests, on children, to find out how 
to get people to buy their products.

How can a monetary system work, 
if people are not motivated by money?

What do you think about a system, 
that ignores the planet's resources,

does not care about 
Earth’s carrying capacity

and continues to use oil to generate energy 
despite renewable energy being abundant.

How can you feel free in a 
society with so many laws?

Knowing that the laws do not solve problems, 
but only punish those who disobey.

The justice system does 
not lead anywhere.

So, you will not get rid 
of these laws,

on the contrary, 
they will multiply.

What do you think about the 
fact that low-quality goods

are produced intentionally, 
to maintain the market?

Do you not feel it is a 
waste of resources?

Do you not feel that 
it’s a mockery?

Your health is in danger 
with such a system,

that asks you to exchange money, 
for your eventual repair.

What if you do not 
have money?

What if you do not 
have enough money?

It is shocking that you can die,

while solutions exist 
for your treatment.

It’s insane to think 
that you can die

because you do not 
own some papers,

papers without any 
actual value.

How can you trust the health system, 
when it values profit over your health?

Are you not scared of an overpopulated world, 
which is the result of our culture?

The idea of the family, makes people 
want to have one, or more children,

and this idea is created, and 
perpetuated, by the culture.

Do you not fear this?

Do you not feel offended that you had to 
learn an old and inefficient language,

that you can share with 
only a few people?

It was decided for you by the 
area in which you were born,

called a "country".

Isn’t it ridiculous that people are still 
separated by things like nationality?

while our real value, as a 
species, is not recognized?

Many people believe 
politicians are corrupt,

yet they still support the 
system that enables them.

How can you support something 
that you believe to be corrupt?

Why let your life decisions 
be made by other people.

Can’t you take care of yourself?

Do you prefer having your 
decisions made by others?

Do you not find it is hard to live in a world 
where everyone has a right to an opinion,

that leads to a total chaos?

And what is the value of your opinion?

If you say that religion is an invention, 
will it improve anything?

You have to pay money 
for food and water!

Necessities of life 
that no-one owns.

Why should you pay for them?

Just because you were 
born on planet 'Earth'?

Everyone wants to benefit 
from the system,

but benefiting often leads 
to others being neglected.

This naturally leads to stealing which 
requires officers to prevent.

People without access to necessities will try 
to obtain goods and services by any means,

often not accepted by the system

because everything here is based 
on money and ownership.

How safe do you feel knowing that people will 
always try to take advantage of others,

and possibly you.

Do you not find it chaotic

in a system where people rely more on 
movies than scientific documentaries?

People draw conclusions 
from Terminator and E.T.,

on some important subjects.

Are you not afraid of people committing 
crimes with your identity

in a system where everything 
is subject to interpretation.

What do you think about a system that 
creates billions of decorative elements,

when hundreds of thousands of 
people die daily of starvation,

and hundreds of thousands 
do not have shelter.

Don’t you think it’s crazy that 
there is a massive gap

between present technology 
and the devices produced?

There is also a gap between what 
the average person knows

and what scientists 
have discovered.

For example: Do you know how 
your refrigerator works?

What about your mobile phone?

Can you enumerate five internal 
organs of your body?

Do you know how they work?

Do you not find it hard 
to form solid ideas

in a system that allows thousands 
of conspiracy theories?

A society that leaves room 
for interpretation,

and a society where religion 
is conveyed as truth

when science contradicts 
it with verifiable results.

How do you trust people that believe 
there is a creature in the sky,

who watches everything you do,

and if you don't believe in him,

you will be sent to hell 
where you’ll burn eternally.

Those people cannot present 
any proof of that,

and still, they are considered 
to be normal.

Even more, most of them 
populate the planet.

And the monetary system does nothing 
to clarify the situation.

What do you think about the fact 
that most of the children are told,

that this story is real, 
the story of religion?

How crazy is it to say to a child 
that if he doesn't pray,

and if he is not a faithful person, 
he will burn eternally in hell.

Why does the system 
allow the situation?

Don't you ever wonder why you collect so many 
objects even though you may not use them?

Don’t you ever wonder why we have 
to constantly replace items?

What is this race all about? 
Aren't you tired?

Remember: Sexual attraction, 
pheromones, sex.

Now, we have:

1. The culture accepted by the monetary system, 
promotes the family idea.

The idea of family, is one where, a male 
and a female live together for life.

Same sex partners, sexual 
attraction to others,

the need for sex, 
pheromones.

2. Sexual scarcity.

Constant coverage of certain parts 
of the body, create curiosity.

People of this tribe do not wear clothes, and that is 
as normal for them as wearing clothes is for you.

They are not curious about 
others' body,

because it is not a 
withheld from them.

3. Promoting sexuality in movies, 
commercials, TV shows.

What can you get from here?

Aberrations such as: Rape,

Pedophilia, Necrophilia, Zoophilia.

Prohibiting natural events,

like sex, by culture, and promoting 
sexuality through media,

while maintaining scarcity,

will lead to such behavior.

Don’t you think defining 'beauty' 
culturally is negative?

People born with small abnormalities 
often get ridiculed,

as do people with physically 
grotesque injuries.

An environment so negative about these 
things can’t be good for our society.

Aren’t you worried that many nations have 
armies and weapons of mass destruction?

You could be caught in the middle, and 
you have nothing to say about that.

Aren’t you alarmed that wars, which solve nothing, 
represent the biggest business in the world,

and because of that, 
wars will never end?

Isn't it dangerous with so many 
weapons in the world?

Don’t you find it dangerous for 
people to have weapons

with all the inequality and 
conflicting ideas we have?

Don’t commercials 
confuse you?

Which companies 
can you truly trust?

Whats your opinion about a system 
that sells luck through gambling.

Don’t you think it’s crazy when so 
many people are starving?

Don't you ever wonder why this man 
has so many, and you have nothing?

Don't you find it unfair to rely on 
the family you were born in?

Aren't you scared about the fact 
that, in the monetary system,

the aging problem doesn't count?

Even if anti-aging treatments exist, 
you will not benefit from them.

Only wealthy people will benefit.

Do you not feel offended that some 
people earn lots of money,

just because they look good according 
to the monetary system’s standards?

Aren't you tired of others 
telling you how to dress?

Aren't you sick of politicians lies?

I mean, they should be improving society, 
otherwise, what’s their purpose?

Don’t you find it absurd that budgets for war are 
substantially better than for scientific research?

With automation replacing lots of jobs, 
aren’t you afraid of losing yours?

Without a job you loose the 
ability to acquire food,

so you could die as a result.

Currently, 3D printers, 
or other technologies,

can create gold or diamonds,

which are considered precious 
materials in the monetary system.

Many people have such materials.

Aren't they afraid that their 
goods will lose value?

Does anybody wonder why those materials 
are considered valuable?

It's because they are scarce 
materials on this planet.

Why do you allow your identity to be 
created through documents,

your possessions or your job?

Why do you have a job 
that you hate?

Don't you wonder why there 
are so many types of food,

instead of a few types of food 
but enough for everybody?

What do you think about a society that allows 
the consumption of cigarettes that cause cancer,

Or alcohol? Why do 
you need alcohol?

Could you not find 
happiness without it?

Do you not feel sad, watching 
others talk about their lives?

And they are paid by 
the system for that.

Monetary system includes religion 
in the payment system.

- When a psychiatrist pledges that
he wants to help people

and a man comes to the 
psychiatrist and says:

"I'm in debt, I can't pay my bills."

"I'm on minimum wage, my car 
broke down, I got two kids."

The psychiatrist, "Is gonna cost 
you 60 bucks an hour."

How can you be a psychiatrist?

How can you cater the human need 
in the monetary system?

- So the system generates 
predatory behaviour,

where we take advantage 
of other people.

The most people are out to 
take care of themselves,

so if you don't take care of yourself, 
no one's going to take care of you,

and so they makes us predatory.

The system is like that.

When you say, "Well I think it's 
up to each individual."

If you really study it, 
you'll find out

each individual is 
made to conform

to the social institutions 
that exists.

if they don't conform

they wind up as ??? in prisons

or they have difficulty getting 
a job, if they don't conform.

So you are pressed by many 
different forces to conform.

If you walk around without 
any clothing,

because you don't 
believe in clothing,

you'll be picked up and 
arrested and put in jail.

If you continue to do that, you 
may be put in a mental hospital.

I met, what they call bombs ???,

that were so well read, that they didn't 
want any part of the system.

They lived in poverty.

All of us are erroneous in our values due to 
the early part of our historical upbringing.

We are given a set of values 
that do not work.

Prove: we have war, recession, hunger, 
poverty, starvation, illness

You have to ask these questions.

[They] have been conditioned, 
in their kind of society

they get a different kind 
of car next year

they buy a new television 
set or a tape recorder

We are radical as hell!

But our political and social 
institutions have not changed,

and this is where we are stagnating,

because we only equate any new idea 
with communism or regimentation,

because we've been brought up 
to fear that which is new.

And I think that Christ was a radical.

He brought new ideas. 
But it took time,

thousands of years for people 
to really appreciate ideas.

[Feynman] Take any crazy idea,

I don't know, it's hard to make a very crazy one, 
the witches or something like that,

you tell about what people 
used to believe in witches

and of course, nobody believes 
in witches now, and they say

"How could they believe in witches?"
And you turn around and say

"Oh let's see, what witches 
do we believe in now?"

What's ceremonies do we believe? 
Every morning we brush our teeth.

What's the evidence that the brushing of teeth 
does any good in cavity? See? Start wondering!

Are we all... Imagine,

as the Earth turns in the 
orbit, there's an edge

between light and dark.

Now, on that edge, all the people, on all 
that edge, are doing the same ritual.

For no good reason? Just like in the 
Middle Ages they had other rituals?

And you gotta picture this perpetual eye ??? 
of toothbrushers going around the Earth.

Take the world to another point 
of view! Now it maybe well be

that brushing teeth is a very good 
thing because it gets rid of cavity.

And you gonna ask, you could find out whether 
it does or doesn't by trying to find out.

And you're gonna ask your dentist, "This is a ???" 
And you say, "I want evidence".

I have not found the evidence from dentists,
because they just learn it at school.

And I'm not trying to argue if it's 
good or bad to brush teeth.

What I'm trying to argue 
is to think about it.

Think from a new point of view!

[Carlin] - I gave up on this stuff. 
I gave up on my species

and I gave up on my fellow americans, 
I gave up on my country.

Because I think they all... I think 
we've squandered a great gift.

I think humans were 
given great great gifts:

walking upright, binocular vision, opposable 
thumb, large brain, making tools,

make tools, large brains, large 
brains make better tools.

Talk, have to learn language,
you take this put in here,

we learn, language, the brain 
got bigger, language, we grew...

We had great gifts and 
we gave up all for both:

Money and god,

god and money, both!

We gave it up to the high priests.

"It's your job... it's god will" That 's what 
they'd say. People say, "It's god will".

I mean, God can do whatever 
he wants, so why pray?

They say: "You pray for something." Ok, he didn't 
answer my prayers. "Well, it's God's will."

Oh, if it is God's will why they 
even pray in the first place,

if he is going to do whatever 
he wants anyway?

We gave them all up, all to superstitions, 
primitive superstition

primitive shit, primitive shit...

An invisible man in the sky looking down, 
keeping track of what we do,

make sure we don't do the wrong thing, 
if we do he puts us in hell and we burn forever.

That kind of shit is very limiting!

It's very limiting for 
this brain we have!

So we keep us limited, and then 
we want a toy and a gizmo,

and gold, we want shiny things we want something 
to plug in to make big big big things for us,

and all that shit is nothing. 
It's nothing.

We gave them all up, 
and Americans

who also have great gifts, when you take 
the theory of the democratic rule,

self government. Ok they 
started off-road.

They owned slaves, the didn't let women vote, 
they didn't let people with no land vote.

Fine, they get off on the wrong foot,

but the ideas were good.

we fucking pollute that, 
we polluted it

we polluted it with 
this stuff, things,

materials, goods, games, gizmos, toys, 
gadgets, having possessions,

"He's got a bigger truck, did you see his truck? 
Is bigger than mine, I'm getting a new truck!"

"Here's a big truck.
Oh! I'm getting that one"

"You got a video, a DVD too!"

He doesn't have a DVD! 
I get a DVD too!

Oh....Whatever happened.

And all that will happen, you know. 
And that's why I'm divorced from it now.

I see it from the distance, I get 
myself a divorce I say,

"George, emotionally you have no stick in this, 
you don't care one way or another,

so watch it, have fun. 
You know what, I say it this way:

When you born in this world you are 
given a ticket to the freak show,

and when you are born in america,

you are given a front row seat.

And some of us get to sit 
there with notebooks

and I'm a notebook and... 
"Aha...Oohh..."

"Oh my god did you see that?"

And I watched the freak show, and I've kept 
my notes, and I make stuff about it,

and I talk about the freaks, the freaks are all 
humans, you know like me, we are all the same.

I'm not better, I'm not different, 
I'm just apart now.

I'm separated over here because 
I put myself out of the mix.

I don't have a stake 
in the outcome.

I'm not a cheerleader 
for a given outcome.

Oh! They say "if you scratch a cynic 
you'll find a disappointed idealist"

And I would admit that somewhere underneath all 
of these, there is a flicker of a flame of idealism,

that would love to see 
it at all... changed.

THE COLLAPSE

The monetary system seems 
likely to collapse.

I said “it seems” because I cannot 
know if it will happen or not.

So far, we’ve examined the monetary system, 
and seen how harmful it is,

and we presented solutions to improve the 
situations created by the monetary system.

We now realize that these 
solutions are needed,

because all evidence points 
towards this system collapsing.

This is some of the evidence which 
points towards a collapse:

To get any kind of goods or 
services, you need money,

and the only way to 
get money, is work.

Basically, you have to do something for the 
monetary system to receive money.

Now, just from here this collapse comes.

People without a job will not 
have purchasing power.

Remember, the monetary system 
has a massive problem

when there are fewer jobs 
than unemployed people.

As we saw when we 
talked about work,

jobs are increasingly replaced by 
automation through machinery,

this is an ongoing and 
progressive process.

It doesn’t matter if your job is 
irreplaceable at the moment,

if hundreds of thousands of people 
can not work anymore,

then, there will be problems.

You are not the only participant 
in the monetary system.

People will not have purchasing power.
It doesn't matter if the prices fall,

or some salaries increase,

if the majority of the population 
does not have purchasing power,

there will be major problems.

The second situation is represented 
by the monetary system’s

inability to cope with technology.

Let's just refer to two technologies.

[ 3D PRINTERS ]

[Scott Summit, Industrial Designer] - All that 
stuff can just be built in the printers.

The person is not designing, the person 
isn't expected to be an architect.

They just know what their intent is. 
And they'd push their intent around,

the computer gives them 
all the assistance

as though they are sitting with an 
architect right behind them.

Say you now got 3D scanning 
getting into the computer

tweaking it around, 
doing it automatically

so you don't have a skilled professional 
needed to do everything you do.

They have to spit it out and make some 
useful item. In this world things get fun.

Digital fabrication, you can call it absolutely anything, 
because it's an asthmatic nightmare here.

These are all the names that I came up within 
5 minutes for it, but it has a lot more.

It's, you know, it's an engineering tool, 
so no one knows what to call it.

But basically what it is, it's an additive process, 
as you guys have seen with

the MakerBot, and it's stuff back here,

it's additive, that's the main difference, it's that 
you are assembling molecules either by layer

or by dust particle, or by liquid that is 
been cindered, a liquid being deposited,

you're doing that layer, 
by layer, by layer.

You do it enough times and you get a pretty good 
proximity of what you originally intended.

So that's typical machine, 
this is a liquid base machine.

If you are going to be 
designing car wheels,

it would be really hard to machine each one 
out of a block of plastic and get the lightness,

better you just, you do design, 
sent it out to print,

come back the next day, put it out of 
the oven and you are ready to go.

So, the whole situation notes 
that the complexity is free,

when you are doing 
additive fabrication,

and now you suddenly,

you are kind of being 
challenged, if anything,

to see if you can be as creative 
as the tool lets you be,

because it can do far more than 
your brain can even handle.

That's ... that's where things get exciting about it, 
is that you really don't have limits to it.

Just talking about metals. You know, 
that's one of the new exciting things.

Metals are used to be a real pain, 
now they are getting good.

Turbine blades are things that are really 
difficult to machine or making the other way,

you can make really high definition, 
really high-quality metal parts now.

Medical stuff

I have "Plan before you cut".

The cool thing is, ok, if you 
come in and you've got really...

you've fallen off your ??? horse and 
you've destroyed your shoulder

and they have to figure out... ok you 
have bone fragments all over the place.

They have to strategize before they 
go in and have you under gas.

So they can actually do MRI, 
get your bone structure,

MRI or CT or one of those,

get the bone structure, 
get the diacom ??? data,

three-dimensionally print the whole thing 
and strategize on it before they open you up.

So, they know where 
all the parts are

and they know what parts 
can come out

and which are going to get 
real injured in which way.

So this is John 
in a 3D Body scan.

There is a perimetric model.

So this model can take any human, you 
drop it in, and say "OK, re-instantiate".

There is John's sound side leg mirrored over

dropped into the perimetric 
model before instantiating,

and there's the new leg.

So this is this leg... it gives... again it 
gives me a sense of symmetry back.

You know, it's kind of big deal.

It has a seven by-link???, so the motion of the knee
is perfectly calibrated to the human motion.

It moves to the same 
motion that we do.

The foot is sprung just 
like our own ankle.

The cast for kneme is here, 
the cuff muscle,

that sprung according to the person's 
weight and activity level.

So that would give spring back 
to each step, something that...

because you are printing all pieces at once,

you don't have the titanium mounting 
parts and all the other details,

you just print the whole thing 
complexity and all. It's hollow.

So there is a rib structure inside, 
just like a bird wing.

That keeps it really strong and 
really light simultaneously.

[Student] - Which materials can you use? 
Just plastic and metal?

[Scott] - There's plastics, metals,ceramic,
glass, all kind of polymers...

ABS type, PVC type...

This is polyamide type, there maybe 
twenty types of polyamides,

carbon-filled, fire-retardants...

[Student] - Biopolymers?

[Scott] - There are biopolymers. 
The guy you talked to is Andrew Hessel,

and he is part of the faculty here at the Singularity 
(University), he knows about that stuff

I don't know about biostuff, but yes there 
is a ton of work going on on biopolymers,

and all that collagen scaffolding 
and all that stuff.

It's wild stuff. That's a huge 
area that's happening.

[Student 2] - Can you print different 
materials in the same...?

There's only one machine 
that will do that,

it is the object "Eden" 
machine, I think?

They would do multiple 
materials simultaneously.

Typically metals are in their own world, 
polyamides are in their own world.

There is one machine that would do handful ???,
like polymers and elastomers and colors.

One, two different classes like metals... 
everyone is waiting for that day.

That day comes when you can 
just print anything you can dream up

and things will be exciting then.

The reason they can't do gold is that 
they can print gold, no problem.

But it would be 240000 dollars to take this 
titanium out and fill it with gold, fortunately.

[Student] - I'm just curious about the durability and 
the strength of the metals, after the printing,

as the characteristics of other 
manufacturing things.

- Yeah, the metals are 
incredibly strong.

There are almost entirely ...

well they are not entirely dense out of the 
process, but you can heat ??? called HIP,

which stands for Hot Isostatic Pressure,

where they heat it to it's near 
melt point, and a zillion PSI,

and that would knock out any air molecules, 
that's like 99.9% solid and dense.

So if you are doing medical 
stuff, like knees and hips,

then you heat it with the HIP process,
and then it's as strong as anything.

Yeah.

[Studen] - What is the largest [thing] 
that you can do with that?

One machine in Belgium called 
the 'Mammoth machine'

that would do two meters

and two meters by one meter 
by twenty inches or something,

so there are big 
machines like that,

there isn't a lot of 
demand for big yet.

[Student] - Would you be 
able to print food?

- There are food printers all over the... 
Yeah, there are a number of those.

Some examples you find 
by printing ???,

There is the cupcake maker, that I think 
MakerBot has a variation that does that,

If everyone of you get to Chicago there is a 
restaurant called moto, M-O-T-O, and it's a...

You've been there?

Yeah, It's supposed to be really cool. They print on 
the tortillas and you eat the menu and it's...

There are doing a lot of really 
experimental stuff with...

We ??? HP Plotters 
and really cool stuff.

Yeah, 3D printing food 
is not far off.

[Student] - What else can we expect 
to look in a decade?

[Scott Summit] - What might come is gonna roll out
pretty soon, which I hope it's gonna be really cool.

I can't say a thing about it. It's really cool. 
You are just gonna, "Holly shit".

But I can't say 
anything about it.

Beside from that I think professor ??? 
has some really cool stuff.

We're gonna expect... I think we gonna expect 
the cost to go down, the ??? time to go up,

The think that I told to my students is that 
the day we start seeing those show up in ???,

in which I have given a year, 
before we'll start seeing in ???,

that's where things get exciting, because 
we start really democratizing fabrication,

and we start really inviting 
everyone to play.

We already have open source 3D software 
called Blender 3D and Sketch-Up,

and those are decent for free,

and you can create fantastic 3D Models 
and get them printed.

So, we can expect a lot of that.

I think the medical world it's gonna be 
the big one..."Disabilities" is huge.

Already now... Here are couple 
of just fun nuggets

that you can entertain your friends 
with that next cartel party.

So, they're printing their machines,

like this is a part out of EOS P730 machine, 
It's wiring harness.

What's cool about this is that they 
printed this on their machine.

So you know, hinge... and everything.

This is all... This came out from 
their machine just like it is.

You know, they can print 
the hinges altogether.

So that, that's an example of 
the machine printing itself.

Companies are now outsourcing, 
not to India and not to China,

they are outsourcing 
to the customer!

All you need to do is go 
to the ATM machine.

The ATM machine you punch in some numbers, 
you get your money pressumably,

but what you've done is taking over a job that 
previously was done by a teller, inside a bank.

In fact, we calculate that something like the 
equivalent of 200 thousand teller jobs

are what people now make 
unnecessary by themselves

by we using the 
machines ourselves,

and substituting our work on date 
for the work of those tellers.

And the same thing is true in 
many many other activities,

where we take on and do for ourselves work that 
we previously bought in the money economy,

without taking care of and doing without pay, 
in what we call the non-money economy.

or the prosumer economy.

Prosuming is gonna explode, 
why is that?

It's gonna explode because we are 
creating new technologies

that individuals can use to 
do things for themselves.

So, it used to be, if you took 
a photograph,

you then had to send that to Kodak in Rochester, 
New York, in order to get on paper ???

And then you come back to your local drugstore and 
you pick it up a week later and you have a photograph,

and you paid for that.

Now you buy camera, digital camera, 
and you make your own.

You know, you get your 
own pictures.

So, you are now doing work that used to be 
done in that Kodak factory, ok?

We are now developing, and we will be developing, 
a generation of exceedingly powerful machines

for work individuals to use to 
create economic value,

Even though, again, 
it's not counted.

And so, I believe we are going to 
see a tremendous explosion

and if you wanna take, if you really 
want to best take it away,

think of this in terms 
of human history.

At the beginnings 
of human history,

everything people did they did for themselves, 
there was no money economy.

So you grew your own food, you ate as much as you 
can get before somebody took it away from you,

probably the local lord,

You grew your own food, you sewed your 
own clothes, you made your own boots...

So everything was done outside 
the money economy.

It was a non-money 
economy.

Then gradually money was introduced along with trade, 
and exchange, and all the things we know about,

and the assumption 
that we all made

for a long long time, and most 
people make until now,

is that the non-money economy 
would eventually just go away,

that we would all be 
in the money economy.

And that's what we 
should be studying.

But in fact, the non-money economy is going to get 
bigger and bigger and bigger instead of going away.

And again, if you follow this down 
the line, you are going some...

you know, developing your own films,

to having a Fab, or desktop manufacturing 
unit sitting on your table.

Now, I don't suppose you are going to build your 
own car, or your own airplane on your table,

but you would be capable of producing 
complex components,

or other things that you, 
yourself, want to use.

Just like bloggers, 
or you know,

are using the net to write for free 
what journalists get paid to do.

So you have unpaid effort.

So it's not that we won't have 
jobs, there will be jobs,

but there is a parallel 
hidden economy,

that must now be recognized, and we better 
start thinking about how to integrate that

and to recognize the integration between 
that and the money economy.

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Thick idea behind molecular 
nanotechnology is,

it is the physical underpinning 
for the Singularity.

Is that which provides the better computer, 
the hardware for the better computer,

it provides the hardware for 
lighter and stronger materials,

it provides hardware for better 
medical technology,

it is a whole bunch of things 
that are coming where

we need to have better capabilities, 
in terms of building things,

and that is the basic purpose 
of molecular nanotechnology,

is to provide the physical basis 
on which a lot of this stuff

then proceeds forward and 
takes advantage of it.

So "Convergent Assembly" is a way 
of building big things which is

probably more amenable 
to use in manufacturing.

Convergent Assembly basically 
starts over here at the left.

You have teeny tiny things,

and you double a 
size at each step.

If I have molecular parts that are 
one nanometer in size as inputs,

I take the one-nanometer 
parts, I put them,

eight of them together into a cube, 
I get a two-nanometer part.

I take 8 of those, I put them together into 
a cube, and I get a four-nanometer part.

At each stage you can 
double a size,

and in each step it gets 
bigger and bigger,

1, 2, 4, 8,16, 32, 
in 30 doublings

you've reached one meter in length, 
more or less give it or take that ???

So using this kind 
of architecture,

you can go from atoms 
and molecules up to

large objects in 30 steps 
if you are using binary,

You don't have to use binary, you could make 
a factor of 10 bigger each step if you wanted to,

but for conceptual purposes it's easy 
to think of it in binary steps.

And, "voilà"! You can 
have big things.

The other implication 
of this self-replication,

convergent assembly, you know 
marvelous architectures,

is that the manufacturing costs 
are going to go through the floor.

Right now we have 
examples of

self-replicating manufacturing 
systems,

they are called 
agricultural products!

Lumber, hay, potatoes. 
They are cheap.

A potato is a miracle of 
biological machinery.

And yet we think nothing of taking this 
miracle of biological machinery and

you know, mushing a little butter 
and having it for dinner.

The reason is that it 
doesn't cost very much

and it doesn't cost 
very much because

the biological molecular machine is gonna 
make more molecular machines,

and as we build our own 
molecular machines,

those molecular machines we will be able 
to build more molecular machines,

and so the manufacturing cost 
would go through the floor.

I'm not talking about design costs or licensing 
cost and patent fees and marketing fees and

you know, all the other stuff that goes along 
with making products and selling them.

But, once you drive the manufacturing cost to 
the floor, and increase, improve the quality,

to get every atom in the right place, 
that's gonna have a big impact.

So, when you are thinking about 
the impact of a new technology

or in particular the manufacturing 
technology,

what you wanna think about are 
the things that can manufacture.

And you say: "Ok if you can meant... 
You know, what about computers?

What about medicine? What 
about structural elements?

So the first thing we notice is that if you 
can get the atoms in the right place,

you can make really 
powerful computers.

Basically you have been watching 
the computer revolution.

You've been living the 
computer revolution.

Well we've got a couple of orders 
of magnitude more to go

and the pace looks like it's
gonna keep right up there,

as we move straight into the molecular 
logic elements and molecular memories

So you all ??? get something like 10*24 logic operations 
per second in a computer the size of a sugar cube.

That's a lot!

And 10*21 bits in the same volume.

I was thinking about that,

What is 10*21 bits?

Well, you know a CD?

CD's are the kind of old 
technology, I know.

CD's are, you know, five or six hundred 
megabytes, something like that.

If you fill a football stadium with CD's,

you get about 10*21 bits.

So, if you take a football stadium of CD's 
and packed into a sugar lump

That's pretty much 
what you've got.

Computer power 
is gonna go up.

Say 10000 Blue Gene 
supercomputers

in one little sugar long cube,

all operating together.

So today those will cost a 
whole bunch of money,

but in the future is gonna be...

you know, it's a fraction of a pound.

If you are selling molecular 
computers by the pound

And you've got a cubic centimeter,

that's not very much (laughing),

pennies for this thing.

And another miraculous capability.

This computer will be so powerful,

that it will be able to run

Windows 20 20, and it will be snappy.

Miracles will never cease.

High-density memory.

This is a proposal made a couple of years ago

to have a high density ??? memory,

you have a surface and the

zeros and ones are 
encoded by storing

fluorenes and hydrogens 
bonds to the surface,

and then you have a ??? 
that moves along,

and reads out whether it's looking out 
of fluorine or a hydrogen.

And you get very high-density 
memory, if you do this.

If one atom stores one bit,
that's good density, you know?

That's a pretty good storage density.

There are bunch of medical capabilities.

Respirocytes. When you hold...

when you breathe, you 
breathe in oxygen,

and your red blood cell carry 
the oxygen to your body,

and when you hold your breathe

You've only got a little bit of oxygen,
both in your lungs and in your tissues,

Well, If you have artificial red-blood cells 
that can hold a lot more oxygen,

you could hold your 
breath for an hour.

Which it would be kind of nice.

And there are some advantages of that, 
particularly if you have a heart attack,

Microbivores,

devices that would 
detect and ingest

invaders, pathogens in 
the circulatory system.

If you could clear out those infectious diseases
more rapidly and more effectively,

then we could eliminate more 
diseases more rapidly,

and cure more infections 
more efficiently.

And finally "Chromallocytes"
that's a device

that is more complicated

but would selectively 
target individuals cells,

It will carry as a payload a 
new set of chromosomes

and it would remove the 
chromosomes that were in a cell

and replace them with a 
new set of chromosomes,

pre-programmed to be properly 
set up for that particular cell.

So, these are the 
kind of devices

that look like they are 
feasible and are coming.

We are also going to have
better materials.

So, diamond has a strength-to-weight ratio 
over 50 times that of steel,

and as a consequence, if you look 
at various applications like:

You know, the Space Shuttle, where pic 
your favorite earth-space application.

If you have an improvement 
of 50 to 1

in the strength-to-weight ratio...

And furthermore, the 
cost dropped to the floor

because your manufacturing costs are, 
you know, a dollar a kilogram or something,

Suddenly a whole bunch 
of applications open up.

Low-cost access to space,

really powerful airplanes,

very wide strong durable materials...

And it's not only critical for 
rockets, and airplanes,

is also gonna be useful 
in other applications

wether is trucks or cars, or ships, or...
Even just furniture.

The hundred pound Cadillac 
would be kind of nice.

And space...As I say, space,

there had been some calculations that looks 
like Single Stage To Orbit (SSTO) vehicles

would be dramatically improved,

given this large improvement 
in strength-to-weight ratio.

This device would be 60 Kilogram 
structural mass, this is...

Yeah...It's your BW, right?

You go out and get into your BW, 
and it weights 60 kilograms...

Oh, and by the way, when 
you fuel that up with

you know, something 
like 3000 kilogram of fuel,

most of the weight in 
this thing is in the fuel,

If you filled that up 
3000 kilogram of fuel,

you can now get into 
your BW and, you know,

a friend or some luggage 
in the back seat, and...

ZOOM! Ship off in the lower ???

And if you run through 
the calculations and stuff,

it turns out that it all works and it's been 
a published article describing this.

And that's pretty dramatic. 
That means, among other things,

that space becomes accessible.

And all these ideas of... you know...

colonizing space, visiting 
space, space hotels,

all of those look like,
"Yeah, there are in the cards".

What we've been seeing of course is (that) 
we've been moving in that direction

and what I'm saying here is...

Yeah, the capability would gonna continue moving 
in that direction until we actually achieve it.

Ok, in diamond, it's simple the fact that if you 
build diamonds and you can have economics.

If you can build it 
inexpensively, suddenly

what was once a very expensive jewel, 
becomes a structural material.

There was a shift like this 
with aluminum.

Aluminum used to be 
very, very expensive,

until the development of the process 
for making aluminum

that suddenly shifted aluminum from 
being this incredibly valuable material

that rich people would use for their 
knives and forks to show off their wealth,

to a structural material you 
could use in aeroplanes.

So we're gonna see a similar shift 
with regard to diamond.

And also there are a bunch of 
materials related to diamonds.

Stain-resistant pants. 
There are nano-pants.

Nano-pants are a revolutionary 
change.

They are transformative,

in fact that I was out of a session where people 
were talking about nanotechnology,

and someone mentioned,
discussing the nano-pants,

and the guy in the back 
of the room said:

"Oh my gosh. This is gonna utterly 
change everything."

"I work for a soap company

and detergents, and we are 
gonna be you know,

if you don't need detergents we 
are gonna be wiped out."

Higher standard of living. 
Ahhh...

One of the nice things 
about this technology

is that it should have 
a big impact on

how we interact with 
the environment

If you have a better technology,

then you can have a higher 
standard of living

although having a smaller 
impact on the environment.

And this is gonna show up 
in production of food.

Certainly, if you have better 
greenhouse capabilities.

If I can inexpensively build 
really good greenhouses,

then that's gonna provide me

with much more plentiful,

much lower cost food.

Nanotechnology comes associated 
with this concept

of low cost manufacturing

and mechano-synthesis, 
and so forth and so on,

that some might perceive as dangerous therefore 
we'll simply disassociate ourselves from it.

So it is a politically motivated argument 
that have no technical merit whatsoever.

People do not have 
purchasing power,

and this situation 
will progress rapidly.

There are no more ways to employ citizens 
to maintain their purchasing power,

because practically humans are less efficient, 
and thus less productive than machines.

Technology is so advanced that it can produce 
an abundance of goods and services

even if the system tries 
to restrict production.

[Fresco] - Yes, Artificial Intelligence 
will eventually

replace doctors, lawyers, 
engineers, intellect,

and be capable of 
making decisions

that humans never 
dreamed possible.

There is a neither a communistic, 
nor socialistic,

nor free enterprise. No system 
remain static.

The kings, most of them are gone.

And newer systems 
are coming in.

No system can free and hold 
the particular of the system.

You have to wonder;

if man can be exempted 
from work,

but production still continues, 
and even improves...

Why are we still limiting 
ourselves?

I think, if you watched the documentary 
from the beginning,

you have an answer 
to this question:

The system itself.

Collapse symptoms seem obvious 
but it's offensive to a human being,

who considers himself 
intelligent,

to wait for the system 
to collapse

in order to change 
something.

And remember, 
if we face a crash,

it will be a disaster 
for many people.

They do not see any other solution 
because they are poorly informed:

they think that violence is 
part of human nature,

they are caught up with 
money as an abstraction,

forgetting that it is a unit 
of measure, like meters,

and forget that technology 
is just a tool,

it’s not something 
to be scared of.

These people do not understand 
that solutions exist,

so when they face this crash 
they’ll become angry.

That's why something 
must be done now.

[Fresco] - Most jobs would 
be phased out,

and in the next 10 to 15 years most 
diagnosticians would be phased out.

All you do it to hold up a skin condition 
in front of a scanner,

it will scan your skin condition and 
give you the latest treatment.

Most doctors will be phased out,

the same with lawyers...

It takes about an hour and a half to...

to design a computer, that can 
do all the work a lawyer does.

So you see most jobs are insecure.

So the system is self-eliminating.

You are not to shoot anybody, 
you don't need a revolution,

it's called bio-social pressures, 
that change society.

Not Fresco, or Stalin, 
or anybody else

that change by physical conditions 
linking to ??? slaves

It was "conditions" that 
make slavery inefficient.

3. QUESTIONS / THE COLLAPSE

- You must rely on the present system 
to judge another one.

- The Collapse symptoms are obvious.

2. IDEAS / SITUATIONS CREATED /
PERPETUATED

- Most are immoral, insufficient 
and based on imagination.

- Most can be solved by abundance 
and education.

1. REQUIREMENTS

- Documents.

- Educational System

- Work

As extremely chaotic as our system is,

it’s amazing that it has survived so long.

[Journalist] - How we even get at 
this mess? Is there any way out?

[Carl Sagan Laughs]

[Journalist] - That's for starters.

[Carl Sagan] - That's a good question.

Well, we got into the mess by

by not paying attention and 
by business as usual.

Humans have been on this planet for 
something like a million years.

And for the vast ??? of that time, 
things changed extremely solid.

The population increased very slowly, 
our technology increased,

improved but by very slow steps,

and just recently, you know 
that's called an exponential,

it's flat for a long time 
and then... Boom!

You suddenly get a huge increase. 
Increase in population,

increase in technology, 
increase in pollution,

increase in our powers to disturb the environment, 
to change the planetary environment.

But we are the same all human 
beings as we were

thousand years ago, a hundred 
thousand years ago.

Not much has changed 
with us, and so

it's very hard for us 
to catch on,

that there is a new situation,

and we have to adapt it. 
And on the other hand,

That's one thing we 
humans are good at.

To adapt, figuring out.

We are smart. That's our principal 
advantage over all the other species.

I mean we are not faster, stronger, better 
diggers, we don't fly all by ourselves.

What we do is figure out, and 
build because of our hands.

And so, I think there is certainly a 
chance of getting out of this mess,

But not by business as usual.

Not by the idea that we 
shouldn't plan ahead.

Not by the idea anybody can do 
whatever the hell they want

and it doesn't affect 
the environment.

It has to be a new way 
of looking at the world.

A lot of those issues that you 
raised, are global issues,

for example, global warming, 
the greenhouse effect.

You put gases, like carbon 
dioxide or CFCs

or other greenhouse gases into 
the atmosphere over this country.

They don't stay over that country. Those 
molecules don't have passports.

They do not know about national sovereignty. 
That's something they never heard of.

The atmospheric circulation spreads 
those gases all over the planet.

And so what one country does, 
affects all the other countries.

The solution to these kinds of problems has to be 
that everybody on Earth works together.

So there has to be a new way 
of looking at the future,

and that is that we are all humans, 
members of the same species,

on one fragile little planet. 
We are all in this together,

and we have to work together.

That's kind of the silver line of this crisis. They 
are forcing us to become a planetary species.