1
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The people who are going to be prioritized
to receive the vaccines

2
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
are healthcare workers
who are on the front lines,

3
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
as well as anybody
who works in a hospital,

4
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Skilled nursing facilities
account for about 6% of the population,

5
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but almost 40% of the deaths due to COVID.

6
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So these are very high-risk individuals
for bad outcomes from COVID.

7
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It looks like it's the same
kind of side effects

8
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that you would get from influenza
or a tetanus shot.

9
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
You get a sore arm for a day or two,
maybe a headache or fatigue,

10
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and then that goes away.

11
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There's no way that you can get COVID
from the coronavirus vaccine.

12
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There's absolutely no way.

13
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It's just a small fragment of the RNA

14
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that encodes for a small portion
of the spike protein.

15
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So it doesn't replicate,
it can't replicate,

16
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and it can't cause COVID.

17
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We're going to have to be masking
and social distancing

18
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
for the foreseeable future.

19
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When we'll be able to stop masking
and social distancing

20
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is when we achieve
some level of herd immunity

21
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
within our communities.

22
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That's going to take 60 to 70%
of the population to be immune.

23
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Right now, through infection,

24
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
if people are immune after infection,
which we're still not sure,

25
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
there's been less than 10% of people
in the US who have been infected.

26
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And then when the vaccine comes out,

27
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it's going to come out
in limited quantities,

28
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and so we're not going to be able
to vaccinate everybody all at once.

29
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So we anticipate that we will be able
to achieve that 60 to 70% immunity

30
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
either through infection plus immunization

31
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in maybe the middle of 2021,
maybe the end of 2021.

32
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We'll just have to see.

33
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There are three main vaccines,

34
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and two of them
are messenger RNA vaccines,

35
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
mRNA,

36
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and those are the ones
produced by Pfizer as well as Moderna.

37
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Those vaccines, what they are, 
is a fragment of the messenger RNA

38
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that encodes for a certain portion
of the spike protein of the coronavirus.

39
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That's the vaccine.

40
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So when that is given to us,

41
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
then our own cells make that protein,
just a fragment of that protein,

42
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and then we have an immune
response to that protein.

43
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That's how they work to develop immunity.

44
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The other vaccine is similar,
the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine.

45
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it's a non replicating adenovirus vector

46
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that again has a fragment
of the spike protein,

47
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and so then we get
an immune response to that.