9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The people who are going to be prioritized[br]to receive the vaccines

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
are healthcare workers[br]who are on the front lines,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
as well as anybody[br]who works in a hospital,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Skilled nursing facilities[br]account for about 6% of the population,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
but almost 40% of the deaths due to COVID.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So these are very high-risk individuals[br]for bad outcomes from COVID.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
It looks like it's the same[br]kind of side effects

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that you would get from influenza[br]or a tetanus shot.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You get a sore arm for a day or two,[br]maybe a headache or fatigue,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and then that goes away.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
There's no way that you can get COVID[br]from the coronavirus vaccine.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
There's absolutely no way.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
It's just a small fragment of the RNA

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that encodes for a small portion[br]of the spike protein.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So it doesn't replicate,[br]it can't replicate,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and it can't cause COVID.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We're going to have to be masking[br]and social distancing

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
for the foreseeable future.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
When we'll be able to stop masking[br]and social distancing

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
is when we achieve[br]some level of herd immunity

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
within our communities.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
That's going to take 60 to 70%[br]of the population to be immune.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Right now, through infection,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
if people are immune after infection,[br]which we're still not sure,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
there's been less than 10% of people[br]in the US who have been infected.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And then when the vaccine comes out,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
it's going to come out[br]in limited quantities,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and so we're not going to be able[br]to vaccinate everybody all at once.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So we anticipate that we will be able[br]to achieve that 60 to 70% immunity

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
either through infection plus immunization

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in maybe the middle of 2021,[br]maybe the end of 2021.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We'll just have to see.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
There are three main vaccines,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and two of them[br]are messenger RNA vaccines,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
mRNA,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and those are the ones[br]produced by Pfizer as well as Moderna.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Those vaccines, what they are, [br]is a fragment of the messenger RNA

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that encodes for a certain portion[br]of the spike protein of the coronavirus.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
That's the vaccine.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So when that is given to us,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
then our own cells make that protein,[br]just a fragment of that protein,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and then we have an immune[br]response to that protein.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
That's how they work to develop immunity.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The other vaccine is similar,[br]the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
it's a non replicating adenovirus vector

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that again has a fragment[br]of the spike protein,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and so then we get[br]an immune response to that.