[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.02,0:00:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you think of natural history museums,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.48,0:00:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you probably picture exhibits \Nfilled with ancient lifeless things,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.12,0:00:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like dinosaurs
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.44,0:00:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meteroites,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.46,0:00:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gemstones.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.87,0:00:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But behind that educational exterior,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.70,0:00:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which only includes \Nabout 1% of a museum's collection,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.03,0:00:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are hidden laboratories \Nwhere scientific breakthroughs are made.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.56,0:00:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beyond the unmarked doors,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.20,0:00:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on the floors \Nthe elevators won't take you to,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.09,0:00:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd find windows into amazing worlds.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.49,0:00:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This maze of halls and laboratories \Nis a scientific sanctuary
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.02,0:00:45.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that houses a seemingly \Nendless variety of specimens.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.74,0:00:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, researchers work to unravel \Nmysteries of evolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.51,0:00:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cosmic origins,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.26,0:00:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the history of our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.58,0:00:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One museum alone \Nmay have millions of specimens.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.01,0:01:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The American Museum of Natural History\Nin New York City
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.10,0:01:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has over 32,000,000 in its collection.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.08,0:01:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a look at just one of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.16,0:01:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists have logged exactly\Nwhere and when it was found
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.48,0:01:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and used various dating techniques \Nto pinpoint when it originated.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.04,0:01:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Repeat that a million times over,\Nand these plants,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.31,0:01:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.37,0:01:19.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,minerals,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.23,0:01:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fossils,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.11,0:01:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and artifacts present windows \Ninto times and places around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.24,0:01:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and across billions of years of history.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.07,0:01:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a research problem emerges,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.87,0:01:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientists peer through these windows\Nand test hypotheses about the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.88,0:01:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, in the 1950s, \Npopulations of predatory birds,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.70,0:01:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like peregrine falcons,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.33,0:01:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,owls,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.39,0:01:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eagles started to mysteriously crash,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.01,0:01:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the point where a number of species,\Nincluding the bald eagle,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.67,0:01:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were declared endangered.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.93,0:01:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, scientists in \NThe Field Museum in Chicago
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.55,0:01:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had been collecting the eggs \Nof these predatory birds for decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.28,0:02:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They discovered that the egg shells \Nused to be thicker
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.81,0:02:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had started to thin around the time
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.06,0:02:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when an insecticide called DDT \Nstarted being sprayed on crops.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.62,0:02:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DDT worked very well to kill insects,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.44,0:02:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when birds came and ate\Nthose heaps of dead bugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.24,0:02:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the DDT accumulated in their bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.37,0:02:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It worked its way up the food chain
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.40,0:02:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was absorbed by apex predator birds\Nin such high concentrations
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.47,0:02:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it thinned their eggs
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.30,0:02:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they couldn't support \Nthe nesting bird's weight.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.09,0:02:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were omelettes everywhere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.67,0:02:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until scientists from \NThe Field Museum in Chicago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.10,0:02:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other institutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.64,0:02:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helped solve the mystery and save the day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.49,0:02:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,America thanks you, Field Museum.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.78,0:02:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Natural history museums \Nwindows into the past
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.34,0:02:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have solved many other \Nscientific mysteries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.33,0:02:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Museum scientists have used \Ntheir collections
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.71,0:02:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sequence the Neanderthal genome,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.08,0:02:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discover genes that gave mammoths red fur,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.13,0:03:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even pinpoint where \Nancient giant sharks gave birth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.18,0:03:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are about 900 \Nnatural history museums in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.48,0:03:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every year they make \Nnew discoveries and insights
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.31,0:03:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the Earth's past, present and future.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.93,0:03:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Museum collections even help us \Nunderstand how modern threats,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.21,0:03:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as global climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.17,0:03:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are impacting our world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.86,0:03:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, \Nnaturalists have been collecting samples
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.40,0:03:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for over 100 years from Walden Pond,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.03,0:03:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,famously immortalized \Nby Henry David Thoreau.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.14,0:03:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to those naturalists,\Nwho count Thoreau among their number,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.43,0:03:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know that the plants around Walden Pond
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.74,0:03:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are blooming over three weeks earlier \Nthan they did 150 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.13,0:03:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because these changes \Nhave taken place gradually,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.57,0:03:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one person may not have noticed them\Nover the span of a few decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.71,0:03:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but thanks to museum collections,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.64,0:03:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have an uninterrupted record \Nshowing how our world is changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.54,0:03:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the next time you're exploring \Na natural history museum,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.38,0:03:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remember that what you're seeing \Nis just one gem
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.36,0:04:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a colossal scientific treasure trove.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.72,0:04:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Behind those walls and under your feet\Nare windows into forgotten worlds.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.45,0:04:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And who knows?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.61,0:04:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One day some future scientist may \Npeer through one and see you.