1 00:00:00,089 --> 00:00:03,510 2 00:00:03,510 --> 00:00:10,340 3 00:00:10,340 --> 00:00:13,980 Hivi mimi kufikiria? 4 00:00:13,980 --> 00:00:17,260 Mikopo, madeni, fedha kumwaga ... 5 00:00:17,260 --> 00:00:20,740 Na nilihisi donge ... Najua kansa wakati mimi kuhisi hivyo. 6 00:00:20,740 --> 00:00:24,900 Ambapo ni yeye? Je, ni yeye hadi? Kamwe wito, kamwe kusema neno ... 7 00:00:24,900 --> 00:00:26,470 Dhiki. 8 00:00:26,470 --> 00:00:28,780 Ni inferno kila mtu, 9 00:00:28,780 --> 00:00:31,930 bedeviling akili zetu, igniting usiku wetu, 10 00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:36,480 upending usawa wetu, lakini hana daima imekuwa hivyo. 11 00:00:36,480 --> 00:00:41,090 Mara baada ya, nia yake ilikuwa ni kutuokoa. 12 00:00:41,090 --> 00:00:44,140 kama wewe ni mamalia wa kawaida, mkazo nini kuhusu 13 00:00:44,140 --> 00:00:48,370 ni dakika tatu za mayowe hofu juu ya savannah, baada ya hapo ni aidha 14 00:00:48,370 --> 00:00:49,870 zaidi na wewe au wewe ni zaidi ya pamoja. 15 00:00:49,870 --> 00:00:53,110 Lakini kila kitu iliyopita. 16 00:00:53,110 --> 00:00:57,480 Nini mara moja imetusaidia kuishi sasa imekuwa janga la maisha yetu. 17 00:00:57,480 --> 00:01:00,610 Na mimi tu kupasuka ndani machozi, na kulia na kulia. 18 00:01:00,610 --> 00:01:03,670 Leo, 19 00:01:03,670 --> 00:01:06,810 uvumbuzi wa kisayansi, katika uwanja 20 00:01:06,810 --> 00:01:10,040 na katika maabara, 21 00:01:10,040 --> 00:01:14,590 kuthibitisha kwamba mkazo ni si hali ya akili, lakini kitu kupimika 22 00:01:14,590 --> 00:01:20,330 na ya hatari. Hii si dhana ya kufikirika. Siyo kitu ambacho 23 00:01:20,330 --> 00:01:24,210 labda siku moja unapaswa kufanya kitu juu. Unahitaji kuhudhuria kwa hilo 24 00:01:24,210 --> 00:01:28,440 leo. Katika baadhi ya maeneo mengi zisizotarajiwa, 25 00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:32,350 wanasayansi ni akifafanua jinsi lethal msongo unaweza kuwa. 26 00:01:32,350 --> 00:01:35,910 Sugu stress inaweza kufanya kitu kama unsubtle 27 00:01:35,910 --> 00:01:39,460 na ajabu kama kuua baadhi ya ubongo wako seli. 28 00:01:39,460 --> 00:01:44,530 Athari za msongo yanaweza kupatikana kirefu ndani yetu, kushuka akili zetu, 29 00:01:44,530 --> 00:01:49,009 kuongeza mafuta ili matumbo yetu, hata unraveling chromosomes yetu. 30 00:01:49,009 --> 00:01:52,780 Hii ni kweli hii si tu mtu 31 00:01:52,780 --> 00:01:56,270 kunung'unika. 32 00:01:56,270 --> 00:01:59,580 Mkazo ... mkombozi, jeuri, pigo ... 33 00:01:59,580 --> 00:02:12,880 picha wake wazi. 34 00:02:12,880 --> 00:02:24,180 35 00:02:24,180 --> 00:02:29,600 36 00:02:29,600 --> 00:02:32,440 37 00:02:32,440 --> 00:02:35,500 Mpango huu uliwezekana kwa michango ya yako 38 00:02:35,500 --> 00:02:41,859 PBS kituo cha kutoka watazamaji kama wewe. Asante. 39 00:02:41,859 --> 00:02:46,639 Sisi sote kuwa na uhusiano wa karibu pamoja na dhiki, 40 00:02:46,639 --> 00:02:49,930 lakini wachache wetu kujua jinsi kazi ndani yetu, 41 00:02:49,930 --> 00:02:54,430 au kuelewa jinsi onslaught ya dunia ya kisasa 42 00:02:54,430 --> 00:03:01,310 Unaweza mkazo sisi mahututi. 43 00:03:01,310 --> 00:03:10,060 Wachache bado kujua nini tunaweza kufanya kuhusu hilo. 44 00:03:10,060 --> 00:03:13,220 45 00:03:13,220 --> 00:03:17,700 Lakini zaidi ya miongo mitatu iliyopita, Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford neurobiologist 46 00:03:17,700 --> 00:03:21,650 Robert Sapolsky, imekuwa kuendeleza uelewa wetu wa dhiki, 47 00:03:21,650 --> 00:03:27,340 jinsi athari yake miili yetu, na jinsi msimamo wetu wa kijamii wanaweza kufanya sisi zaidi 48 00:03:27,340 --> 00:03:31,970 au chini wanahusika. Ni jumla ya mabao habari mbaya 49 00:03:31,970 --> 00:03:35,870 na zaidi ... Zaidi ya muda, unaweza kupata naye kufundisha na kutafiti katika 50 00:03:35,870 --> 00:03:39,100 high-kufikia, high-alisisitiza ulimwengu wa ubongo sayansi. 51 00:03:39,100 --> 00:03:42,220 karatasi ni hii tofauti kubwa kati ... 52 00:03:42,220 --> 00:03:45,890 tabaka la ... Lakini hiyo ni sehemu tu ya hadithi yake. 53 00:03:45,890 --> 00:03:51,110 Kwa wiki chache kila mwaka au hivyo, Sapolsky mabadiliko maabara yake kwa nafasi zaidi 54 00:03:51,110 --> 00:03:53,270 ya 9,000 maili 55 00:03:53,270 --> 00:03:57,910 juu PLAINES ya Masai Mara Reserve, Kenya, Afrika Mashariki. 56 00:03:57,910 --> 00:04:01,000 57 00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:08,390 58 00:04:08,390 --> 00:04:12,970 Robert Sapolsky kwanza alikuja Afrika katika kipindi cha miaka 30 iliyopita juu ya hunch. 59 00:04:12,970 --> 00:04:18,329 Yeye watuhumiwa hakuweza kujua zaidi kuhusu dhiki na ugonjwa wa binadamu 60 00:04:18,329 --> 00:04:21,860 kwa kuangalia yasiyo ya binadamu, na alijua 61 00:04:21,860 --> 00:04:25,820 tu zisizo binadamu. 62 00:04:25,820 --> 00:04:29,430 Wewe kuishi katika nafasi kama hii, wewe ni nyani, na wewe tu na kutumia kuhusu 63 00:04:29,430 --> 00:04:31,770 saa tatu siku kupata kalori yako. 64 00:04:31,770 --> 00:04:35,740 Na kama wewe tu kufanya kazi masaa tatu kwa siku, wewe got masaa tisa wa muda bure 65 00:04:35,740 --> 00:04:36,510 kila siku 66 00:04:36,510 --> 00:04:40,020 kujishughulisha na kufanya mtu mwingine tu duni 67 00:04:40,020 --> 00:04:48,000 Siyo kuwa alisisitiza na simba Chasing yao wakati wote, 68 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:51,720 wao ni kuwa alisisitiza kwa kila mmoja. Wao ni kuwa alisisitiza kwa jamii na 69 00:04:51,720 --> 00:04:53,290 makelele kisaikolojia 70 00:04:53,290 --> 00:04:57,550 zuliwa na aina yao wenyewe. Wao ni mfano wa kuigwa kamili kwa ajili ya kimagharibi 71 00:04:57,550 --> 00:04:58,590 stress-kuhusiana na ugonjwa huo. 72 00:04:58,590 --> 00:05:03,190 Kuamua tu kile toll mkazo alikuwa kuchukua juu ya miili yao, 73 00:05:03,190 --> 00:05:08,020 Sapolsky alitaka kuangalia ndani nyani hawa wa porini katika ngazi ya mkononi 74 00:05:08,020 --> 00:05:11,590 kwa mara ya kwanza. Kwa kufanya hivyo 75 00:05:11,590 --> 00:05:15,450 atakuwa na kuchukua damu yao kwa njia nyingi nyenyekevu. 76 00:05:15,450 --> 00:05:21,160 Kimsingi, kile wewe ni kujaribu kufanya ni anaesthetize nyani, 77 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:25,620 bila yeye kujua ni kuja. Kwa sababu wewe hawataki kuwa na yoyote 78 00:05:25,620 --> 00:05:27,050 ya dhiki hii anticipatory, 79 00:05:27,050 --> 00:05:30,520 hivyo huwezi, unajua, kupata katika jeep yako na baada ya nyani juu na chini uwanja 80 00:05:30,520 --> 00:05:32,960 kwa saa tatu, na hatimaye wakati yeye winded, 81 00:05:32,960 --> 00:05:38,470 dart yake kwa anesthetic. 82 00:05:38,470 --> 00:05:41,510 Sasa, faida kubwa ya pigo bunduki 83 00:05:41,510 --> 00:05:44,940 ni kwamba ni kiasi pretty kimya, na 84 00:05:44,940 --> 00:05:48,600 hana mengi yote ya kusonga sehemu, lakini drawback kubwa 85 00:05:48,600 --> 00:05:55,230 ni kwamba haina kwenda mbali sana. Kwa hiyo kile wewe kutumia tu 86 00:05:55,230 --> 00:05:59,050 Kiasi ya ajabu ya muda kufanya, ni kujaribu kufikiri 87 00:05:59,050 --> 00:06:02,220 jinsi ya kuangalia NONCHALANT karibu nyani. 88 00:06:02,220 --> 00:06:05,710 Got yake ... Wakati? 89 00:06:05,710 --> 00:06:09,370 Sawa, yeye ni tikisika sasa. 90 00:06:09,370 --> 00:06:13,490 Whoop, kuna aendako. 91 00:06:13,490 --> 00:06:18,040 Kutoka kila sampuli nyani damu, Robert kipimo ngazi ya homoni kati ya dhiki 92 00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:18,870 majibu. 93 00:06:18,870 --> 00:06:23,340 Naam, kwa mantiki ya nini kinatokea katika mwili wako, nimepata hizi 94 00:06:23,340 --> 00:06:27,690 homoni mbili ambazo ni workhorses wa nzima dhiki majibu. Mmoja wao sisi wote 95 00:06:27,690 --> 00:06:28,110 kujua 96 00:06:28,110 --> 00:06:32,570 adrenaline, Marekani toleo, epinephrine, na nyingine ni 97 00:06:32,570 --> 00:06:36,590 homoni chini inayojulikana iitwayo glucocorticoids kwamba hutoka nje ya adrenal gland 98 00:06:36,590 --> 00:06:40,720 pamoja na adrenaline na hayo ni backbones mbili ya dhiki majibu. 99 00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:43,890 Kwamba mkazo majibu 100 00:06:43,890 --> 00:06:47,140 na wale homoni mbili ni muhimu kwa maisha yetu. 101 00:06:47,140 --> 00:06:51,139 102 00:06:51,139 --> 00:06:54,599 Kwa sababu gani mkazo ni kuhusu ni kwamba mtu ni nia sana juu ya kula 103 00:06:54,599 --> 00:06:58,650 wewe, au wewe ni nia sana juu ya kula mtu, na kuna mgogoro wa haraka 104 00:06:58,650 --> 00:06:59,319 kinachoendelea. 105 00:06:59,319 --> 00:07:03,399 Wakati kukimbia kwa ajili ya maisha yako, 106 00:07:03,399 --> 00:07:08,889 shemu ni jambo ambalo wote. Mapafu kazi nyongeza kwa pampu kiasi mammoth ya 107 00:07:08,889 --> 00:07:10,460 oksijeni katika mfumo wa damu. 108 00:07:10,460 --> 00:07:15,129 jamii moyo wa kusukuma kwamba oksijeni katika mwili 109 00:07:15,129 --> 00:07:21,240 hivyo misuli kujibu mara moja. Unahitaji shinikizo la damu yako hadi kutoa kwamba 110 00:07:21,240 --> 00:07:22,089 nishati. 111 00:07:22,089 --> 00:07:27,009 Unahitaji kugeuka mbali chochote ambacho si muhimu ... ukuaji, uzazi, unajua, 112 00:07:27,009 --> 00:07:29,550 wewe ni mbio kwa ajili ya maisha yako hii ni hakuna muda wa ovulate, 113 00:07:29,550 --> 00:07:33,550 kukarabati tishu, kwamba aina zote za jambo ... kufanya hivyo baadaye, kama kuna baadaye. 114 00:07:33,550 --> 00:07:38,199 Wakati pundamilia epuka, mkazo majibu yake shuts chini. 115 00:07:38,199 --> 00:07:42,379 Lakini binadamu nashindwa kupata yao 116 00:07:42,379 --> 00:07:46,649 off kubadili. Sisi kurejea kwenye exact mkazo majibu 117 00:07:46,649 --> 00:07:49,740 kwa nchi rena kisaikolojia ... kufikiria 118 00:07:49,740 --> 00:07:54,229 ozoni, kodi kuja juu, vifo, 119 00:07:54,229 --> 00:07:57,409 Rehani miaka 30 ... sisi kurejea kwenye moja mkazo majibu na ufunguo 120 00:07:57,409 --> 00:07:58,529 Tofauti kuna, 121 00:07:58,529 --> 00:08:02,039 sisi siyo kufanya hivyo kwa sababu halisi ya kisaikolojia na sisi ni kufanya hivyo 122 00:08:02,039 --> 00:08:05,460 bila kusimama. 123 00:08:05,460 --> 00:08:10,000 By si kugeuka mbali msongo majibu wakati Akijibu na foleni za magari ya maisha, 124 00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:13,830 sisi gaa katika umwagaji babuzi wa kisasa. 125 00:08:13,830 --> 00:08:17,040 Hata kama siyo maisha au kifo, 126 00:08:17,040 --> 00:08:20,110 sisi hyperventilate, mioyo yetu pound, 127 00:08:20,110 --> 00:08:23,400 misuli uliopo. 128 00:08:23,400 --> 00:08:27,820 Suala la kushangaza, baada ya muda msongo majibu ni zaidi kuharibu kuliko 129 00:08:27,820 --> 00:08:28,950 stressor yenyewe, 130 00:08:28,950 --> 00:08:32,640 kwa sababu stressor ni baadhi yasiyo na msingi kisaikolojia kwamba wewe ni kuanguka kwa. 131 00:08:32,640 --> 00:08:37,429 Hakuna pundamilia Duniani, kukimbia kwa ajili ya maisha yake, bila kuelewa ni kwa nini ... 132 00:08:37,429 --> 00:08:40,650 hofu ya kuzungumza katika umma 133 00:08:40,650 --> 00:08:44,110 ingekuwa kusababisha wewe siri homoni sawa ni kufanya katika hatua hiyo 134 00:08:44,110 --> 00:08:45,250 kuokoa maisha yake. 135 00:08:45,250 --> 00:08:50,430 Mkazo ni njia ya mwili ya kukabiliana na changamoto, 136 00:08:50,430 --> 00:08:53,700 kama changamoto ni kutishia maisha, yasiyo na maana 137 00:08:53,700 --> 00:08:59,230 au furaha. Kupata kiasi cha haki ya dhiki na sisi kuiita kusisimua. 138 00:08:59,230 --> 00:09:02,740 lengo katika maisha si kujikwamua na matatizo, lengo katika maisha ni kuwa na haki 139 00:09:02,740 --> 00:09:03,750 aina ya dhiki, 140 00:09:03,750 --> 00:09:10,149 kwa sababu wakati ni aina ya haki, sisi kupenda. 141 00:09:10,149 --> 00:09:14,690 Sisi kuruka nje ya viti vyetu na uzoefu hayo, sisi kulipa fedha nzuri ya kupata alisisitiza kwa njia hiyo. 142 00:09:14,690 --> 00:09:15,120 143 00:09:15,120 --> 00:09:20,529 Inaelekea kuwa stressor wastani, ambapo nimepata stressor hiyo ni ya muda mfupi ... ni 144 00:09:20,529 --> 00:09:23,510 si kwa ajili ya kitu roller coaster umesimama si muda wa wiki tatu kwa muda mrefu. 145 00:09:23,510 --> 00:09:28,740 Na zaidi ya yote, nini wao ni kuhusu ni kwamba kuachia kidogo ya kudhibiti 146 00:09:28,740 --> 00:09:34,660 katika mazingira ya kwamba kwa ujumla anahisi salama. 147 00:09:34,660 --> 00:09:38,750 lakini katika maisha ya kweli kwa wengi wetu nyani ikiwa ni pamoja na Roberts nyani 148 00:09:38,750 --> 00:09:50,829 kudhibiti si chaguo. Hapa una kiume big 149 00:09:50,829 --> 00:09:54,230 ambao hupoteza kupambana na chases ndogo ya watu wazima 150 00:09:54,230 --> 00:09:59,370 ambao kuumwa juu ya kike ambao slaps vijana kwamba knocks watoto wachanga 151 00:09:59,370 --> 00:10:02,420 nje ya mti, kila sekunde kumi na tano 152 00:10:02,420 --> 00:10:08,060 unajua katika hivyo mbali kama sehemu kikubwa cha msongo ni 153 00:10:08,060 --> 00:10:12,269 ukosefu wa udhibiti, ukosefu wa uhakika wewe ni kukaa huko na tu 154 00:10:12,269 --> 00:10:13,420 kuangalia pundamilia 155 00:10:13,420 --> 00:10:18,010 na mtu mwingine ni kuwa siku mbaya na ni yako nyuma-mwisho kwamba ni kwenda kupata slashed 156 00:10:18,010 --> 00:10:21,320 baadhi kwa kiasi kikubwa kisaikolojia yanayokusumbua kwa 157 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:27,170 kwa ajili ya folks zaidi chini juu ya uongozi. Mmoja wa Roberts 158 00:10:27,170 --> 00:10:31,089 Ishara mapema alikuwa kutambua uhusiano kati ya dhiki 159 00:10:31,089 --> 00:10:37,079 na uongozi katika nyani. Baadhi ya askari wa nyani ni zaidi ya 100 nguvu 160 00:10:37,079 --> 00:10:42,029 kama sisi wao utvecklats akili kubwa navigate matatizo makubwa ya kubwa 161 00:10:42,029 --> 00:10:43,779 jamii 162 00:10:43,779 --> 00:10:46,949 maisha hapa inahitaji aina ya 163 00:10:46,949 --> 00:10:51,390 Nyani savvy kisiasa na wanaume wengi ujanja na fujo 164 00:10:51,390 --> 00:10:54,540 kupata cheo ya juu na perks yote, 165 00:10:54,540 --> 00:10:58,290 wanawake kwa ajili ya kuchagua, chakula chote waweze kula 166 00:10:58,290 --> 00:11:05,329 na retenue kutokuwa na mwisho wa groomers tayari. Kila mtu mume anajua ambapo yeye 167 00:11:05,329 --> 00:11:06,680 anasimama katika jamii 168 00:11:06,680 --> 00:11:10,639 ambao wanaweza mateso yule anaweza mateso 169 00:11:10,639 --> 00:11:14,220 na ambao kwa upande torturee unaweza mateso 170 00:11:14,220 --> 00:11:20,779 Basi, ni kuonekana kama jambo la kutisha kukiri baada ya miaka thelathini lakini 171 00:11:20,779 --> 00:11:25,360 Mimi si kweli kama nyani wote kwamba mengi na kumekuwa guys mtu binafsi katika kipindi cha miaka 172 00:11:25,360 --> 00:11:26,640 kwamba mimi upendo kabisa 173 00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:30,760 lakini wao ni haya scheming, nyuma-kisu 174 00:11:30,760 --> 00:11:34,130 bastards Machiavelli kwamba kuumiza kila mengine 175 00:11:34,130 --> 00:11:38,010 hivyo wao ni kubwa kwa ajili ya sayansi yangu, I mean mimi si nje hapa wilaya nao 176 00:11:38,010 --> 00:11:42,189 wao ni kamili kwa ajili ya kile kujifunza. Miaka 22 iliyopita 177 00:11:42,189 --> 00:11:45,870 akiwa na umri wa 30 Sapolsky ya kihistoria utafiti 178 00:11:45,870 --> 00:11:49,720 imemwezesha MacArthur Foundation na fikra ushirika 179 00:11:49,720 --> 00:11:53,069 kazi yake mapema 180 00:11:53,069 --> 00:11:58,449 kupima homoni mkazo kutoka kuondolewa damu imesababisha uvumbuzi mbili ajabu 181 00:11:58,449 --> 00:12:03,569 cheo nyani ya kuamua kiwango cha msongo homoni katika mfumo wake 182 00:12:03,569 --> 00:12:06,740 183 00:12:06,740 --> 00:12:11,730 hivyo kama wewe ni mwanamume kubwa unaweza kutarajia matatizo homoni yako kuwa chini 184 00:12:11,730 --> 00:12:15,760 na kama wewe ni mtiifu 185 00:12:15,760 --> 00:12:20,870 juu sana, lakini hapakuwa na hata zaidi akifafanua kupata 186 00:12:20,870 --> 00:12:23,970 katika sampuli Sapolsky ya rankers chini 187 00:12:23,970 --> 00:12:27,079 wasiokuwa nacho vimeongezeka viwango vya moyo 188 00:12:27,079 --> 00:12:30,610 na ya juu shinikizo la damu. Hii ilikuwa ni mara ya kwanza 189 00:12:30,610 --> 00:12:34,120 mtu yeyote alikuwa wanaohusishwa na matatizo ya afya kuzorota 190 00:12:34,120 --> 00:12:37,510 ya nyani porini. Kimsingi 191 00:12:37,510 --> 00:12:41,689 kama wewe ni alisisitiza, yasiyokuwa ya afya nyani katika kikosi kawaida 192 00:12:41,689 --> 00:12:45,550 shinikizo la damu. ngazi muinuko wa homoni stress, una kinga 193 00:12:45,550 --> 00:12:47,310 mfumo kuwa haifanyi kazi na pia 194 00:12:47,310 --> 00:12:51,420 mfumo wako wa uzazi ni hatari zaidi ya kuwa knocked nje ya whack 195 00:12:51,420 --> 00:12:56,240 ubongo wako kemia ni moja ambayo ina baadhi ya kufanana kwa nini kuona katika 196 00:12:56,240 --> 00:12:57,760 binadamu clinically huzuni 197 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:07,610 na vitu vyote stuff wale si predictors ya hale na hearty umri 198 00:13:07,610 --> 00:13:09,710 gani hii pia kuwa kweli kwa kuwa 199 00:13:09,710 --> 00:13:13,050 nyani wengine kama Robert Sapolsky 200 00:13:13,050 --> 00:13:17,370 ilikuwa ufuatiliaji mkazo katika profesa nyani Mheshimiwa Michael MARMOT 201 00:13:17,370 --> 00:13:21,220 ilikuwa kuongoza utafiti katika Mkuu wa Uingereza wao kupatikana afya ya zaidi ya 202 00:13:21,220 --> 00:13:25,250 Watu 28,000 katika kipindi cha miaka arobaini 203 00:13:25,250 --> 00:13:28,320 ilikuwa jina kwa ajili ya 204 00:13:28,320 --> 00:13:33,290 Whitehall, citadel ya Uingereza utumishi wa umma ambapo kila kazi ni nafasi katika 205 00:13:33,290 --> 00:13:34,690 sahihi uongozi 206 00:13:34,690 --> 00:13:40,260 maabara kamili na kuamua kama kwa binadamu 207 00:13:40,260 --> 00:13:43,530 huenda kuna uhusiano kati ya cheo na dhiki 208 00:13:43,530 --> 00:13:48,050 I mean hilo ni jambo kuhusu msongo Nadhani nimepata kuangalia ni katika wawili 209 00:13:48,050 --> 00:13:51,530 suala papo hapo na suala sugu Nadhani nimekuwa chini ya dhiki sugu 210 00:13:51,530 --> 00:13:55,510 katika shirika hili kwa sababu tu mimi nina mraba kigingi ndani ya shimo pande zote 211 00:13:55,510 --> 00:13:59,860 Kevin Brooks ni mwanasheria wa serikali, cheo chake 212 00:13:59,860 --> 00:14:03,910 kiwango cha 7 ina maana yeye ana cheo kidogo katika idara yake 213 00:14:03,910 --> 00:14:06,980 anaishi maisha ya chini 214 00:14:06,980 --> 00:14:13,300 Nadhani kile alikuwa na ufahamu zaidi wa wakati huo alikuwa mzigo wa kazi na jinsi 215 00:14:13,300 --> 00:14:16,700 Mimi nilikuwa sana ni chini ya udhibiti lakini moja ya kesi yangu haikuwa 216 00:14:16,700 --> 00:14:20,780 kabisa chini ya udhibiti mimi basi ni kuingizwa na ilikuwa kidogo kama 217 00:14:20,780 --> 00:14:24,770 kuwa katika gari kupiga barafu kiraka 218 00:14:24,770 --> 00:14:27,900 na skating lakini hata hivyo nimekuja katika 219 00:14:27,900 --> 00:14:31,250 Jumatatu asubuhi na meneja wangu wa haraka 220 00:14:31,250 --> 00:14:34,820 hebu kumwita Ben, basi anataka neno na wewe, hivyo tunaona chumba 221 00:14:34,820 --> 00:14:38,050 yeye shuts mlango, kisha anasema unajua nini umefanya 222 00:14:38,050 --> 00:14:42,290 unajua nini kilichotokea wakati ulipokuwa mbali sisi hakuweza kupata moja ya mafaili yako 223 00:14:42,290 --> 00:14:45,450 Je, unajua kwamba maana gani? Yeye tu alinipa 224 00:14:45,450 --> 00:14:48,810 nzuri mateke, kisaikolojia alivyofanya nami kwa ajili ya 225 00:14:48,810 --> 00:14:53,660 na mwishoni mwa hilo ilikuwa ni vitisho zaidi. Ilikuwa haki hiyo ni labda jambo kinidhamu 226 00:14:53,660 --> 00:14:57,670 hivyo mimi kushoto chumba kuvuka ukanda wa chumba changu mwenyewe 227 00:14:57,670 --> 00:15:01,640 na mimi tu kupasuka ndani ya machozi na kulia na kulia 228 00:15:01,640 --> 00:15:05,960 229 00:15:05,960 --> 00:15:09,800 Sarah Woodall pia kazi kwa ajili ya serikali 230 00:15:09,800 --> 00:15:13,360 tofauti na Kevin yeye ni mtumishi mwandamizi wa umma 231 00:15:13,360 --> 00:15:17,370 kuna watu wapatao mia na sitini kutoa taarifa kwangu hatimaye 232 00:15:17,370 --> 00:15:21,170 njia moja au nyingine katika sekta. Mimi kufanya 233 00:15:21,170 --> 00:15:24,910 kweli kufurahia kufanya kazi na huduma zetu ni kabisa nguvu 234 00:15:24,910 --> 00:15:28,780 mazingira, inaweza kuwa kabisa kusisimua 235 00:15:28,780 --> 00:15:32,050 Napenda kufanya kazi kwa kura ya watu 236 00:15:32,050 --> 00:15:37,330 Mimi kwa kweli kufurahia kazi yangu. Kama tafakari kasi tofauti 237 00:15:37,330 --> 00:15:41,320 wanaigiza moja ya matokeo wengi ajabu kisayansi katika Whitehall 238 00:15:41,320 --> 00:15:41,890 utafiti 239 00:15:41,890 --> 00:15:44,920 kwanza kila ilionyesha kuwa 240 00:15:44,920 --> 00:15:49,620 chini ungekuwa katika ngazi ya juu hatari ya ugonjwa wa moyo 241 00:15:49,620 --> 00:15:53,340 na magonjwa mengine, hivyo watu wa pili toka juu 242 00:15:53,340 --> 00:15:57,020 alikuwa hatari kubwa zaidi kuliko wale katika watu juu tatu kutoka juu 243 00:15:57,020 --> 00:16:00,080 alikuwa hatari kubwa zaidi kuliko wale wa pili toka juu na ni mbio 244 00:16:00,080 --> 00:16:05,190 njia yote kutoka juu hadi chini. Sisi ni kushughulika na watu katika ajira imara na 245 00:16:05,190 --> 00:16:07,100 hakuna exponeringar viwanda 246 00:16:07,100 --> 00:16:10,350 na bado msimamo wako katika ngazi za 247 00:16:10,350 --> 00:16:13,560 undani kuhusiana na hatari ya ugonjwa 248 00:16:13,560 --> 00:16:16,690 na urefu wa maisha. Nimekuwa na bahati sana 249 00:16:16,690 --> 00:16:19,830 Sijawahi uzoefu matatizo yoyote na afya yangu 250 00:16:19,830 --> 00:16:23,590 tangu nimekuwa katika utumishi waandamizi mimi si alikuwa siku mbali 251 00:16:23,590 --> 00:16:26,870 na afya mbaya, nimekuwa na bahati sana 252 00:16:26,870 --> 00:16:31,580 Katika hali yangu mwenyewe nadhani kuwa kazi yangu ni kiasi pretty 253 00:16:31,580 --> 00:16:34,780 tainted, ni kiasi pretty 254 00:16:34,780 --> 00:16:39,890 waliokamatwa kwa sababu mimi kuwa na, kwa mfano, kwa miaka mitatu iliyopita kazini nimekuwa mbali 255 00:16:39,890 --> 00:16:40,550 wagonjwa 256 00:16:40,550 --> 00:16:45,050 kwa ajili pengine wakati huo nusu. Utafiti huu hasa ni aina ya Rosetta 257 00:16:45,050 --> 00:16:46,590 Jiwe la uwanja nzima kwa sababu 258 00:16:46,590 --> 00:16:50,950 ni British mfumo utumishi wa umma, kila mtu got huduma hiyo ya matibabu 259 00:16:50,950 --> 00:16:54,060 kila mtu got sawa kwa wote mfumo wa huduma za afya 260 00:16:54,060 --> 00:16:57,520 kama nyani nyani wote wakala kitu kimoja, wana kiwango sawa 261 00:16:57,520 --> 00:16:58,430 ya shughuli 262 00:16:58,430 --> 00:17:02,280 siyo mambo ambayo loo kama wewe ni mdogo mwenye cheo nyani moshi kwa kiasi na 263 00:17:02,280 --> 00:17:05,359 kunywa mno na kama wewe ni british huduma chini cheo wenyewe kwa wenyewe 264 00:17:05,359 --> 00:17:09,290 guy kamwe kwenda kwa daktari na huwezi kupata chanjo ya kuzuia wote wawili wa hii 265 00:17:09,290 --> 00:17:11,459 masomo utawala wa nje wanaokoa hii yote 266 00:17:11,459 --> 00:17:16,829 na wao kuzalisha matokeo karibu kufanana. Katika pande zote za nyani 267 00:17:16,829 --> 00:17:17,619 mgawanyiko 268 00:17:17,619 --> 00:17:21,560 kuna hadithi inayoumiza moyo na matokeo kutishia maisha 269 00:17:21,560 --> 00:17:25,849 Kila chini kama Kevin 270 00:17:25,849 --> 00:17:29,740 kuishi maisha ya nyani kutokuwa na uhakika kuna alpha 271 00:17:29,740 --> 00:17:32,960 strutting mambo yake, naona fahari waliopo madarakani 272 00:17:32,960 --> 00:17:36,330 zaidi ya mtu mwingine mtu wanyofu 273 00:17:36,330 --> 00:17:40,650 mtu Asili cheo 274 00:17:40,650 --> 00:17:48,710 275 00:17:48,710 --> 00:17:51,560 Got yake. 276 00:17:51,560 --> 00:17:56,340 0:46 Je, aidha ya unaona ambapo dart ni? 277 00:17:56,340 --> 00:17:59,990 Ndiyo. Sawa guys ambao unadhani ni kubwa wenye vyeo? 278 00:17:59,990 --> 00:18:07,060 Guy wetu ... Ndiyo. 279 00:18:07,060 --> 00:18:10,500 Mengi makini kuhakikisha guy nyingine haina Hassle yake. 280 00:18:10,500 --> 00:18:14,200 mwaka huu Robert kuletwa familia yake kwa Afrika 281 00:18:14,200 --> 00:18:18,160 mke wake neuropsychologist Lisa Sapolsky 282 00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:21,230 Pia amefanya utafiti wa kina na nyani 283 00:18:21,230 --> 00:18:24,770 na kwa mara ya kwanza wao kuletwa pamoja watoto wao 284 00:18:24,770 --> 00:18:31,800 Benjamin na Rachel. Kama amelala kama yeye inaonekana ... 285 00:18:31,800 --> 00:18:35,880 286 00:18:35,880 --> 00:18:40,910 nyani wote ni kikamilifu tayari kupata sana freaked nje na 287 00:18:40,910 --> 00:18:44,590 binadamu kuja juu na kugusa moja ya guys haya lakini kufunika kwake kwa 288 00:18:44,590 --> 00:18:46,630 gunia na yeye haipo tena 289 00:18:46,630 --> 00:18:54,940 oh Mungu wangu yeye ni pale, yeye ni ... si humo tena 290 00:18:54,940 --> 00:18:57,840 hii si kabisa kama kuchukua watoto wako kufanya kazi siku 291 00:18:57,840 --> 00:19:01,510 lakini ni hulka pretty kati ya 292 00:19:01,510 --> 00:19:05,289 Mimi ni nani kwa sasa na ambao mke wangu na mimi ni 293 00:19:05,289 --> 00:19:09,820 na watoto wanataka kujua tulikotoka 294 00:19:09,820 --> 00:19:13,840 na hii ni pretty msingi. Kama katika misimu uliopita 295 00:19:13,840 --> 00:19:18,269 Robert hatua jinsi watu binafsi katika kila ngazi ya nyani uongozi 296 00:19:18,269 --> 00:19:21,649 humenyuka kwa na recovers kutoka kwa dhiki 297 00:19:21,649 --> 00:19:26,389 Hivyo kile sisi ni kufanya ni, sisi ni sasa kwenda changamoto mfumo 298 00:19:26,389 --> 00:19:29,429 na kuongeza dozi ya epinephrine 299 00:19:29,429 --> 00:19:37,809 majibu nyani ya ni mara moja ilichukua katika damu yake 300 00:19:37,809 --> 00:19:41,539 ishara muhimu ambayo yanaweza kina waliohifadhiwa ya kudumu 301 00:19:41,539 --> 00:19:44,980 302 00:19:44,980 --> 00:19:50,049 Ni ghala hii ya maarifa uwezo na I got miaka 30 ya wale sampuli za damu 303 00:19:50,049 --> 00:19:51,740 waliohifadhiwa mbali katika hatua hii kwa sababu 304 00:19:51,740 --> 00:19:55,970 huwezi kujua wakati baadhi ya homoni mpya au baadhi kitu kipya au pops up nyingine 305 00:19:55,970 --> 00:20:00,690 na kwamba ni jambo kuangalia na kuanza kuunganisha nje sampuli hii nyuma wakati 306 00:20:00,690 --> 00:20:05,850 unajua Jimmy Carter alikuwa rais. 50 ... 25 ... 307 00:20:05,850 --> 00:20:09,380 Unatarajia kufikia muda mrefu ya dhiki ni wazo hivi karibuni, 308 00:20:09,380 --> 00:20:14,309 kwa moja wakati robert alikuwa na umri wa Raheli, wanasayansi waliamini mkazo ilikuwa sababu 309 00:20:14,309 --> 00:20:20,820 moja ya tu tatizo kubwa. Hii ni picha ya american kubwa 310 00:20:20,820 --> 00:20:26,049 Tatizo wafanyakazi ... kidonda mbaya kwamba madaktari kuwaita kidonda peptic 311 00:20:26,049 --> 00:20:33,580 kula mbali katika ukuta wa tumbo mwanadamu. 312 00:20:33,580 --> 00:20:36,760 Wale tumbo maumivu kwamba majadiliano juu, 313 00:20:36,760 --> 00:20:40,320 gnawing, kuungua, wale ni dalili za wazi za gastric ulcer. 314 00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:44,460 Miaka thelathini iliyopita, nini ugonjwa kwamba inakuja akilini kila mtu wakati 315 00:20:44,460 --> 00:20:45,480 kutaja dhiki ... 316 00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:49,180 ni vidonda, dhiki na vidonda. Na 317 00:20:49,180 --> 00:20:52,840 hii ilikuwa ya kwanza ya dhiki kuhusiana na ugonjwa aligundua, kwa kweli miaka 70 iliyopita. 318 00:20:52,840 --> 00:20:57,410 Nini nataka kufanya ni kufanya kazi katika mtazamo wako. 319 00:20:57,410 --> 00:21:01,120 Mtazamo wangu? Hiyo ni haki. Vidonda kuzaliana kwa aina ya makosa ya hisia. 320 00:21:01,120 --> 00:21:04,580 Nimepata kuwa waaminifu na wewe mwenyewe kuhusu njia kujisikia kuhusu hilo. 321 00:21:04,580 --> 00:21:07,690 Kupata daktari mpya inaonekana kama jibu bora kwangu. 322 00:21:07,690 --> 00:21:10,740 uhusiano kati ya dhiki na 323 00:21:10,740 --> 00:21:15,310 vidonda mara tawala injili matibabu hadi mapema 1980. 324 00:21:15,310 --> 00:21:19,430 Kisha watafiti Australia kutambuliwa vimelea 325 00:21:19,430 --> 00:21:22,159 kama sababu kubwa ya vidonda. 326 00:21:22,159 --> 00:21:25,600 Na hii kupindua uwanja mzima, hii ilikuwa, 327 00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:28,970 ni got kitu cha kufanya na dhiki, ni ugonjwa wa bakteria. 328 00:21:28,970 --> 00:21:32,429 Na mimi niko tayari bet nusu gastroenterologists Duniani walipo 329 00:21:32,429 --> 00:21:36,110 kusikia kuhusu hilo, akatoka na sherehe usiku huo. Hii ilikuwa, kama, mkuu 330 00:21:36,110 --> 00:21:39,669 habari ... kamwe tena walikuwa wao kwenda na kukaa chini wagonjwa wao, na 331 00:21:39,669 --> 00:21:43,960 kufanya jicho kuwasiliana na kuwaomba ni jinsi gani kwenda, hivyo, kitu chochote yanayokusumbua ... 332 00:21:43,960 --> 00:21:48,369 ni got kitu cha kufanya na dhiki, ni ugonjwa wa bakteria ... Hivyo tena ingekuwa 333 00:21:48,369 --> 00:21:50,269 ufumbuzi kuwa usimamizi wa msongo, 334 00:21:50,269 --> 00:21:53,480 sasa inaweza kuwa kitu rahisi kama kidonge. 335 00:21:53,480 --> 00:22:00,830 Ilikuwa ni mafanikio makubwa. Mkazo hakuwa na kusababisha vidonda. 336 00:22:00,830 --> 00:22:05,440 Uchunguzi imefungwa. 337 00:22:05,440 --> 00:22:08,220 Lakini miaka michache baadaye, 338 00:22:08,220 --> 00:22:12,600 utafiti alichukua twist mpya. Wanasayansi kugundua kwamba hii 339 00:22:12,600 --> 00:22:16,419 vimelea kidonda na kusababisha hakuwa kipekee ... kwa kweli, 340 00:22:16,419 --> 00:22:19,770 kama vile theluthi mbili ya idadi ya watu duniani ina yake. 341 00:22:19,770 --> 00:22:25,059 Sasa kwa nini basi tu sehemu ya watu hawa kuendeleza vidonda? 342 00:22:25,059 --> 00:22:28,059 Utafiti umebaini kuwa wakati alisisitiza, 343 00:22:28,059 --> 00:22:31,570 mwili huanza kuzima mifumo yote yasiyo ya muhimu, 344 00:22:31,570 --> 00:22:35,760 ikiwa ni pamoja na mfumo wa kinga. Na ikawa wazi kuwa, 345 00:22:35,760 --> 00:22:39,290 kama wewe kufunga chini ya mfumo wa kinga, bakteria tumboni 346 00:22:39,290 --> 00:22:43,630 wanaweza kukimbia amok ... Kwa sababu gani mkazo gani, 347 00:22:43,630 --> 00:22:48,309 ni kuondosha uwezo wa mwili wako kuanza kukarabati tumbo lako kuta 348 00:22:48,309 --> 00:22:53,679 wakati wao kuanza kuoza mbali haya vimelea ... Hivyo mkazo 349 00:22:53,679 --> 00:22:59,179 unaweza kusababisha vidonda na kuvuruga uwezo wa mwili wetu kuponya yenyewe. 350 00:22:59,179 --> 00:23:02,720 Kama msongo unaweza kudhoofisha mfumo wa kinga, 351 00:23:02,720 --> 00:23:08,570 nini havoc wengine wanaweza kuwa wreak? Jibu moja linatokana na koloni ya wafungwa 352 00:23:08,570 --> 00:23:09,860 macaque nyani 353 00:23:09,860 --> 00:23:15,210 karibu Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Watu wanadhani ya dhiki kama kitu ambacho anaendelea 354 00:23:15,210 --> 00:23:16,730 yao juu wakati wa usiku, au 355 00:23:16,730 --> 00:23:19,820 kitu ambacho inawafanya yell saa watoto wao. 356 00:23:19,820 --> 00:23:23,140 Lakini, wakati wewe kuuliza mimi, ni nini dhiki, nasema 357 00:23:23,140 --> 00:23:26,150 ukiangalia hiyo, ni hii plaque mkubwa 358 00:23:26,150 --> 00:23:29,420 katika ateri hii, kwamba ni nini mkazo ni. 359 00:23:29,420 --> 00:23:32,430 Kwa miongo miwili daktari Carol Shively 360 00:23:32,430 --> 00:23:36,290 imekuwa kusoma mishipa ya macaques. 361 00:23:36,290 --> 00:23:39,740 Kama nyani na Uingereza Watumishi wa Serikali, 362 00:23:39,740 --> 00:23:44,150 nyani hawa kujipanga katika makundi dhahiri kihierarkia, 363 00:23:44,150 --> 00:23:51,100 na somo mtu mwingine kwa dhiki ya kijamii. 364 00:23:51,100 --> 00:23:56,020 Msongo homoni unaweza kusababisha makali hasi majibu moyo na mishipa, 365 00:23:56,020 --> 00:23:59,430 pounding moyo, katika kuongezeka kwa shinikizo la damu 366 00:23:59,430 --> 00:24:05,030 Hivyo kama ifuatavyo mkazo cheo, ingekuwa mfumo wa moyo wa mwenye cheo 367 00:24:05,030 --> 00:24:06,000 macaque, 368 00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:10,390 kumwita Mkurugenzi Mtendaji nyani, kuwa tofauti na mjakazi wake? 369 00:24:10,390 --> 00:24:12,380 370 00:24:12,380 --> 00:24:17,460 Wakati Shively inaonekana katika mishipa ya tumbili kubwa, 371 00:24:17,460 --> 00:24:21,200 moja na historia kidogo ya dhiki, mishipa wake walikuwa safi. 372 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:24,200 Lakini mishipa chini tumbili 373 00:24:24,200 --> 00:24:28,340 aliiambia hadithi mbaya ... ateri chini 374 00:24:28,340 --> 00:24:31,460 ina kura zaidi atherosclerosis kujenga 375 00:24:31,460 --> 00:24:35,030 up ndani yake kuliko ateri kubwa ina. 376 00:24:35,030 --> 00:24:38,330 Dhiki, na kusababisha mafuriko ya homoni, alikuwa 377 00:24:38,330 --> 00:24:41,440 kuongezeka kwa shinikizo la damu, kuharibu ateri kuta, 378 00:24:41,440 --> 00:24:45,520 maamuzi yao hifadhi za seli kwa ajili ya plaque. 379 00:24:45,520 --> 00:24:50,020 Hivyo sasa, wakati kuhisi kutishiwa, mishipa yako wala kupanua, 380 00:24:50,020 --> 00:24:53,580 na moyo wako misuli haina kupata damu zaidi, na kwamba 381 00:24:53,580 --> 00:24:59,090 inaweza kusababisha mshtuko wa moyo. Hii si dhana ya kufikirika, siyo kitu 382 00:24:59,090 --> 00:24:59,490 kuwa 383 00:24:59,490 --> 00:25:03,480 labda siku moja unapaswa kufanya kitu juu, unahitaji kuhudhuria kwa hilo 384 00:25:03,480 --> 00:25:07,150 leo, kwa sababu ni yanayoathiri njia yako utendaji mwili, 385 00:25:07,150 --> 00:25:12,140 na dhiki leo yataathiri afya yako kesho na kwa miaka ijayo. 386 00:25:12,140 --> 00:25:16,750 Jamii na dhiki ya kisaikolojia, 387 00:25:16,750 --> 00:25:21,070 kama macaque, binadamu, au nyani, inaweza kuziba mishipa yetu, 388 00:25:21,070 --> 00:25:24,790 kuzuia damu kati yake, kuhatarisha afya ya moyo wetu ... 389 00:25:24,790 --> 00:25:28,750 na hiyo ni mwanzo tu wa msongo ya 390 00:25:28,750 --> 00:25:30,470 mauti na laana. 391 00:25:30,470 --> 00:25:33,520 392 00:25:33,520 --> 00:25:36,799 Utafiti Robert mapema 393 00:25:36,799 --> 00:25:41,539 alionyesha kwamba mkazo wanaweza kufanya kazi juu yetu katika njia hata kutisha zaidi. 394 00:25:41,539 --> 00:25:45,390 Naam, nyuma wakati mimi alikuwa mapya 395 00:25:45,390 --> 00:25:49,780 katika biashara hii ni nini mimi jeraha up kulenga ilikuwa nini 396 00:25:49,780 --> 00:25:52,919 walionekana wazo kabisa implausible kwa wakati mmoja, 397 00:25:52,919 --> 00:25:56,950 ambayo ilikuwa na matatizo sugu na yatokanayo sugu kwa 398 00:25:56,950 --> 00:26:01,730 glucocorticoids inaweza kufanya kitu kama unsubtle na za ajabu kama 399 00:26:01,730 --> 00:26:07,610 kuua baadhi ya ubongo wako seli. Kama PhD mgombea katika Chuo Kikuu Rockefeller katika 400 00:26:07,610 --> 00:26:08,760 80s mapema, 401 00:26:08,760 --> 00:26:13,210 Sapolsky alishirikiana na mshauri wake, daktari Bruce McEwan, 402 00:26:13,210 --> 00:26:20,809 kufuata njia ya dhiki ndani ya ubongo. Wao wanakabiliwa panya maabara kwa muda mrefu 403 00:26:20,809 --> 00:26:21,690 dhiki, 404 00:26:21,690 --> 00:26:27,030 na kisha kuchunguza ubongo seli zao. Timu alifanya kupata mshangao. 405 00:26:27,030 --> 00:26:31,590 Wakati seli ya akili ya kawaida panya na matawi makubwa, 406 00:26:31,590 --> 00:26:35,650 Alisisitiza panya ubongo seli walikuwa kasi ndogo. 407 00:26:35,650 --> 00:26:41,720 Na nini ilikuwa ya kuvutia zaidi kwa njia nyingi ilikuwa ni sehemu ya ubongo ambapo hii 408 00:26:41,720 --> 00:26:42,580 kilichojitokeza ... 409 00:26:42,580 --> 00:26:48,380 hipokampasi. Wewe kuchukua Intro Neurobiology wakati wowote kwa ajili ya mwisho wa miaka ya 5000 na 410 00:26:48,380 --> 00:26:49,169 nini kujifunza ni: 411 00:26:49,169 --> 00:26:54,220 hipokampasi ni kujifunza na kumbukumbu. Mkazo katika panya hawa 412 00:26:54,220 --> 00:26:57,600 shrank sehemu ya ubongo wao kuwajibika kwa kumbukumbu. 413 00:26:57,600 --> 00:27:01,140 Mkazo huathiri kumbukumbu kwa njia mbili. 414 00:27:01,140 --> 00:27:04,140 Sugu msongo unaweza kweli mabadiliko 415 00:27:04,140 --> 00:27:08,000 nyaya ubongo, ili tunapoteza uwezo 416 00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:13,070 kukumbuka mambo kama tunahitaji. Kali sana 417 00:27:13,070 --> 00:27:17,020 msongo papo hapo unaweza kuwa na athari nyingine, 418 00:27:17,020 --> 00:27:20,840 ambayo mara nyingi ... sisi rejea kama msongo hufanya kijinga, 419 00:27:20,840 --> 00:27:24,090 ambayo ni kufanya kuwa vigumu kwa ajili yenu katika, 420 00:27:24,090 --> 00:27:27,960 zaidi ya vipindi vya muda mfupi kukumbuka mambo unajua kikamilifu vizuri. 421 00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:32,610 Sote tunajua kwamba uzushi, sisi wote tunajua kwamba mmoja, kutoka nyuma wakati sisi alisisitiza 422 00:27:32,610 --> 00:27:34,710 wenyewe kwa kutopata usingizi yoyote wakati wote. Na 423 00:27:34,710 --> 00:27:38,299 asubuhi iliyofuata saa tatu, sisi hakuweza kukumbuka jambo moja kwa ajili ya 424 00:27:38,299 --> 00:27:39,510 mtihani kwamba mwisho. 425 00:27:39,510 --> 00:27:43,140 Wewe kuchukua binadamu na kusisitiza yao kubwa ya muda, muda mrefu, 426 00:27:43,140 --> 00:27:47,730 na wewe ni kwenda kuwa na hipokampasi kwamba inalipa bei pia. Mbali na 427 00:27:47,730 --> 00:27:49,190 kudhoofisha afya zetu 428 00:27:49,190 --> 00:27:52,309 msongo unaweza kutufanya kujisikia wazi duni 429 00:27:52,309 --> 00:27:55,899 Carol Shively yaliyowekwa ili kujua kwa nini 430 00:27:55,899 --> 00:27:59,960 yeye alianza si kwa taabu lakini kwa furaha 431 00:27:59,960 --> 00:28:03,919 Shively watuhumiwa kwamba kulikuwa na uhusiano kati ya dhiki 432 00:28:03,919 --> 00:28:07,240 furaha na ambapo sisi kusimama juu ya uongozi wa kijamii 433 00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:12,049 kama dhiki, furaha ni wanaohusishwa na kemia ya ubongo 434 00:28:12,049 --> 00:28:17,340 wakati nyurotransmita dopamini aitwaye iliyotolewa katika ubongo 435 00:28:17,340 --> 00:28:25,030 kumfunga kwa receptors dalili furaha 436 00:28:25,030 --> 00:28:29,230 Shively kutumika positron chafu tomography Scanner kuchunguza ubongo wa zisizo alisisitiza 437 00:28:29,230 --> 00:28:30,010 nyani 438 00:28:30,010 --> 00:28:35,510 nyani Mkurugenzi Mtendaji yetu. Tunachokiona 439 00:28:35,510 --> 00:28:39,800 ni kwamba akili ya nyani kubwa mwanga juu mkali kwa kura ya dopamine 440 00:28:39,800 --> 00:28:40,360 kisheria 441 00:28:40,360 --> 00:28:44,360 katika eneo hili kwamba ni muhimu sana kwa walipa na hisia furaha kuhusu maisha 442 00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:47,440 Shively basi inaonekana katika wasaidizi ubongo 443 00:28:47,440 --> 00:28:51,760 kile sisi aligundua ni kwamba akili ya nyani chini 444 00:28:51,760 --> 00:28:55,290 si wepesi sana kwa sababu kuna 445 00:28:55,290 --> 00:28:58,520 kiasi kidogo receptor kisheria kinachoendelea katika eneo hili 446 00:28:58,520 --> 00:29:02,970 kwa nini ni kwamba, ni nini kuhusu eneo hili la ubongo 447 00:29:02,970 --> 00:29:06,290 wakati una chini dopamine kila kitu 448 00:29:06,290 --> 00:29:11,120 karibu na wewe kwamba kwa kawaida kuchukua radhi. ni chini utamu hivyo 449 00:29:11,120 --> 00:29:14,320 Sun haina uangaze hivyo mkali nyasi si hivyo kijani 450 00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:18,320 chakula haina ladha nzuri ni kwa sababu ya jinsi ubongo wako ni kazi kwamba 451 00:29:18,320 --> 00:29:21,200 unafanya kuwa na ubongo wako ni kazi kwa njia hiyo kwa sababu wewe ni mdogo 452 00:29:21,200 --> 00:29:24,980 juu ya kijamii hadhi uongozi. Kipengele moja ya cheo cha chini ni kuwa chini 453 00:29:24,980 --> 00:29:25,560 cheo 454 00:29:25,560 --> 00:29:29,790 hali halisi, kipengele hata nguvu kwa muda kupata kwa binadamu, ni 455 00:29:29,790 --> 00:29:32,910 si tu kuwa cheo cha chini au masikini, ni hisia 456 00:29:32,910 --> 00:29:36,940 Asili cheo au maskini na moja ya njia bora kwa jamii kufanya kujisikia 457 00:29:36,940 --> 00:29:38,580 kama moja ya wasiokuwa nacho 458 00:29:38,580 --> 00:29:41,670 ni kwa kusugua pua yako tena na tena na tena 459 00:29:41,670 --> 00:29:45,970 na kile huna. Richmond California 460 00:29:45,970 --> 00:29:50,110 mji ambapo jamii extremes inaweza kuwa spotted haki kutoka gari yako 461 00:29:50,110 --> 00:29:54,190 hii ni omvandla mara kwa mara ya cardiologist Jeffrey Ritterman 462 00:29:54,190 --> 00:29:58,250 Unaweza kujifunza mengi kuhusu dhiki na 463 00:29:58,250 --> 00:30:01,790 matokeo ya afya tu kutoka vitongoji kutembelea na 464 00:30:01,790 --> 00:30:06,080 katika kitongoji hii umri wa kuishi ni nzuri kabisa na 465 00:30:06,080 --> 00:30:11,530 zaidi ya watu ni pretty afya na kama sisi kufikia juu ya mlima ni 466 00:30:11,530 --> 00:30:14,710 anapata kuwa kidogo kidogo 467 00:30:14,710 --> 00:30:18,220 upendeleo na kama sisi kufanya hii mpito 468 00:30:18,220 --> 00:30:21,750 hadhi ya kijamii huanza kushuka 469 00:30:21,750 --> 00:30:24,960 na alama katika maeneo hayo 470 00:30:24,960 --> 00:30:30,600 matokeo ya afya ni mbaya zaidi na watu hawa si kwenda kuwa 471 00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:32,420 sawa umri wa kuishi 472 00:30:32,420 --> 00:30:39,120 kama watu katika kwamba darasa katikati eneo tulianza katika. 473 00:30:39,120 --> 00:30:44,070 Watu ni juu ya ulinzi, watu macho, wanaishi maisha zaidi yanayokusumbua 474 00:30:44,070 --> 00:30:49,090 hii ni jamii ambayo inazalisha homoni dhiki katika watu 475 00:30:49,090 --> 00:30:53,510 na nyongeza inachukua ushuru wake. Moja ya daktari Ritterman ya 476 00:30:53,510 --> 00:30:56,780 mgonjwa ni 65 mwenye umri wa miaka Emanuel Johnson 477 00:30:56,780 --> 00:31:02,530 kazi yake ni mshauri wa uongozi katika moja ya Amerika ya hatari zaidi vitongoji 478 00:31:02,530 --> 00:31:05,900 vizuri mwaka jana kwa kweli nadhani tulikuwa na 47 homicides 479 00:31:05,900 --> 00:31:10,380 katika siku nne iliyopita tulikuwa na 11 shootings vifo tatu 480 00:31:10,380 --> 00:31:15,320 na mara tisa kati ya kumi itakuja kuwa jamaa 481 00:31:15,320 --> 00:31:20,530 au mtu I bet watoto kujua. Kwa Emanuel Johnson 482 00:31:20,530 --> 00:31:23,780 kuna bei kwa ajili yatokanayo sugu kwa dhiki hii 483 00:31:23,780 --> 00:31:29,090 miaka mitano iliyopita nilikuwa moyo mashambulizi mimi nina kisukari pia. Nina kufanya kazi juu yake 484 00:31:29,090 --> 00:31:30,020 mara kwa mara 485 00:31:30,020 --> 00:31:33,380 kwa sababu nimekuwa katika biashara hii miaka ishirini, hivyo tu ni yanayokusumbua 486 00:31:33,380 --> 00:31:36,600 tu kufanya kazi kazi, hivyo katika kipindi cha miaka kwamba, unajua 487 00:31:36,600 --> 00:31:40,670 cholesterol, shinikizo la damu, sukari akaja juu baadaye 488 00:31:40,670 --> 00:31:44,410 lakini mkazo mara zote katika kabla hawajakaa kwenye 489 00:31:44,410 --> 00:31:49,680 Emanuel Johnson mwili inaweza kuwa kuwaambia bado mwingine hadithi ya dhiki 490 00:31:49,680 --> 00:31:52,690 Utafiti Whitehall katika Uingereza 491 00:31:52,690 --> 00:31:57,480 kupatikana kiungo ajabu kati dhiki, msimamo wako katika ngazi za kijamii 492 00:31:57,480 --> 00:32:02,920 na jinsi gani kuvaa uzito. Hivyo inaweza kuwa tu 493 00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:05,930 kuweka kwenye uzito lakini pia usambazaji 494 00:32:05,930 --> 00:32:09,340 ya kwamba uzito na usambazaji wa kwamba uzito 495 00:32:09,340 --> 00:32:14,190 kuweka juu duniani kituo hicho ni kuhusiana na nafasi katika uongozi 496 00:32:14,190 --> 00:32:18,770 na kwamba kwa upande inaweza kuhusiana na sugu msongo pathways 497 00:32:18,770 --> 00:32:22,660 hivyo sisi alisema, je, hiyo kutokea katika nyani 498 00:32:22,660 --> 00:32:27,010 kwa sababu wao kujipanga katika ngazi mno na ni zamu nje kwamba 499 00:32:27,010 --> 00:32:27,560 anafanya 500 00:32:27,560 --> 00:32:31,800 nyani chini ni uwezekano wa kuwa na mafuta ya tumbo zao 501 00:32:31,800 --> 00:32:37,600 basi ni nyani kubwa. Nadhani kushangaza zaidi 502 00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:40,860 uchunguzi kwamba 503 00:32:40,860 --> 00:32:45,640 Nimekuwa alifanya katika maabara yangu ni wazo hili kwamba mkazo 504 00:32:45,640 --> 00:32:49,610 inaweza kweli kubadilisha njia amana mafuta juu ya mwili wako 505 00:32:49,610 --> 00:32:53,950 kwangu kwamba alikuwa na wazo la ajabu kwamba unaweza kweli 506 00:32:53,950 --> 00:32:58,460 kubadilisha njia mafuta ni kusambazwa 507 00:32:58,460 --> 00:33:03,560 Sapolsky Shively na wengine wanadhani msongo inaweza kuwa sababu muhimu katika dunia 508 00:33:03,560 --> 00:33:04,890 janga fetma 509 00:33:04,890 --> 00:33:08,270 Hata mbaya mafuta kuletwa juu na matatizo 510 00:33:08,270 --> 00:33:15,370 ni hatari mafuta. Unajua kwamba mafuta pili kwenye shina au kweli 511 00:33:15,370 --> 00:33:20,630 ndani ya tumbo ni mbaya zaidi kwa ajili yenu kuliko mafuta pili mahali pengine katika mwili 512 00:33:20,630 --> 00:33:24,820 ina tabia tofauti, inazalisha aina mbalimbali za 513 00:33:24,820 --> 00:33:28,720 homoni na kemikali na ina madhara mbalimbali juu ya afya yako 514 00:33:28,720 --> 00:33:32,010 chochote ni kwamba matendo 515 00:33:32,010 --> 00:33:35,910 kwa ajili ya mtu binafsi, wanahitaji thamani 516 00:33:35,910 --> 00:33:39,770 kupunguza msongo. Nadhani tatizo katika jamii yetu ni kwamba hatufanyi 517 00:33:39,770 --> 00:33:42,920 thamani kupunguza msongo sisi katika thamani ukweli kinyume 518 00:33:42,920 --> 00:33:48,420 Sisi admire mtu ambaye si tu multitasks na anafanya mambo mawili kwa wakati mmoja 519 00:33:48,420 --> 00:33:52,380 lakini anafanya mambo tano kwa mara moja. Sisi admire mtu huyo. Jinsi ya kusimamia kwamba 520 00:33:52,380 --> 00:33:52,850 unajua 521 00:33:52,850 --> 00:33:55,890 hiyo ni incredibly yanayokusumbua 522 00:33:55,890 --> 00:34:01,120 njia ya kuishi sisi kuwa na mabadiliko maadili yetu na thamani watu wenye akili 523 00:34:01,120 --> 00:34:10,150 maisha uwiano na serene 524 00:34:10,150 --> 00:34:14,590 moja heartbreaking wakati katika historia inaonyesha kwamba mkazo inaweza kwa kweli 525 00:34:14,590 --> 00:34:22,679 kuharibu us muda mrefu kabla ya sisi ni hata kujua 526 00:34:22,679 --> 00:34:26,079 Uholanzi marehemu 1944 527 00:34:26,079 --> 00:34:29,619 baridi kikatili na jeshi kinyama ya kazi 528 00:34:29,619 --> 00:34:32,730 vinaendelea kwa njaa taifa 529 00:34:32,730 --> 00:34:37,639 inajulikana kama Uholanzi njaa baridi kwa wale ambao kuishi leo 530 00:34:37,639 --> 00:34:42,920 hizi ni haunting kumbukumbu. 531 00:34:42,920 --> 00:34:46,699 Mimi nilikuwa chochote. Mimi hakuweza tena kulisha mwanangu. 532 00:34:46,699 --> 00:34:50,050 Mimi nilikuwa na wagonjwa. 533 00:34:50,050 --> 00:34:53,179 Na kisha una kumtunza mtoto. 534 00:34:53,179 --> 00:34:56,090 Nimeona kwamba kutisha. 535 00:34:56,090 --> 00:34:59,400 Nilikwenda kanisa la Bwawa karibu na ikulu, 536 00:34:59,400 --> 00:35:03,330 na kuulizwa mke wa kuhani kama angeweza kuongeza mtoto wangu kwa muda mrefu kama vita ulifanyika. 537 00:35:03,330 --> 00:35:09,080 Kwa sababu siwezi kufanya hivyo tena. 538 00:35:09,080 --> 00:35:13,730 mtafiti dutch Tessa Roseboom aliposikia wengi wa kumbukumbu hizo kutisha 539 00:35:13,730 --> 00:35:17,960 yeye na timu yake alitaka kujua kama kulikuwa na madhara yoyote kuenea 540 00:35:17,960 --> 00:35:21,540 Roseboom alijua 541 00:35:21,540 --> 00:35:25,630 kwamba miili yetu kukabiliana na njaa katika njia ile ile wao kujibu nyingine 542 00:35:25,630 --> 00:35:26,410 stressors 543 00:35:26,410 --> 00:35:29,480 hivyo yeye yaliyowekwa ili kuona kama watoto wa wa 544 00:35:29,480 --> 00:35:34,800 wanawake wajawazito katika siku hizi ngumu inaweza uwezekano kuwa walioathirika na msongo 545 00:35:34,800 --> 00:35:40,620 kwa sababu ya kina rekodi-Sabato na Uholanzi 546 00:35:40,620 --> 00:35:44,560 Roseboom alikuwa na uwezo wa kutambua juu ya watu 2,400 547 00:35:44,560 --> 00:35:49,740 ambao wangeweza wanashikiliwa. Yeye na timu yake 548 00:35:49,740 --> 00:35:53,430 kuchambuliwa data kutoka kwa wale waliozaliwa wakati na baada ya njaa 549 00:35:53,430 --> 00:35:59,470 na alikuja na hitimisho la kushangaza. Nadhani unaweza kusema kwamba 550 00:35:59,470 --> 00:36:02,580 watoto hawa walikuwa wazi kwa dhiki 551 00:36:02,580 --> 00:36:07,750 katika maisha fetal na wao ni bado wanateseka madhara ya kuwa 552 00:36:07,750 --> 00:36:11,040 sasa, miaka sitini baadaye. 553 00:36:11,040 --> 00:36:15,380 Wengi wa Uholanzi watoto njaa baridi kuishi leo 554 00:36:15,380 --> 00:36:21,170 wote katika miaka ya sitini yao wengi bado makovu ya vita 555 00:36:21,170 --> 00:36:25,250 tuligundua kwamba watoto ambao walikuwa mimba wakati wa njaa 556 00:36:25,250 --> 00:36:28,630 kuwa hatari ya kuongezeka kwa ugonjwa wa moyo na mishipa wana 557 00:36:28,630 --> 00:36:31,870 zaidi hypercholesterolemia wao ni 558 00:36:31,870 --> 00:36:35,910 zaidi na kusisitiza na kwa ujumla ni katika 559 00:36:35,910 --> 00:36:39,170 maskini afya kuliko watu ambao walizaliwa kabla ya njaa 560 00:36:39,170 --> 00:36:42,810 au mimba baada 561 00:36:42,810 --> 00:36:46,200 watafiti wanadhani kwamba mkazo homoni katika damu ya mama 562 00:36:46,200 --> 00:36:50,020 yalisababisha mabadiliko katika mfumo mkuu wa ya kitoto kama Jihadi pamoja na 563 00:36:50,020 --> 00:36:50,930 njaa 564 00:36:50,930 --> 00:36:55,930 hii ilikuwa watoto wa kwanza kukutana na msongo 565 00:36:55,930 --> 00:37:00,130 miongo sita baadaye miili ya watoto hawa Uholanzi njaa baridi 566 00:37:00,130 --> 00:37:04,910 Bado sijasahau. Nini sisi sasa kujua ni kwamba 567 00:37:04,910 --> 00:37:08,859 siyo tu wako seli mafuta kwamba upepo hadi kuwa katika hatari ya kujenga 568 00:37:08,859 --> 00:37:13,579 kuelekea matukio kama haya, ni ubongo wako kemia, ni uwezo wako kujifunza 569 00:37:13,579 --> 00:37:15,829 ni uwezo wako 570 00:37:15,829 --> 00:37:19,980 kujibu msongo adaptively badala ya maladaptively 571 00:37:19,980 --> 00:37:23,740 jinsi urahisi kuanguka katika unyogovu, jinsi mazingira magumu wewe ni akili 572 00:37:23,740 --> 00:37:24,819 matatizo 573 00:37:24,819 --> 00:37:29,030 bado ulimwengu wa mwingine ambapo uzoefu mapema na mkazo mapema wanaweza kuondoka sana 574 00:37:29,030 --> 00:37:33,890 mbaya sana footprint. Kama mimi alikuwa alikuwa 575 00:37:33,890 --> 00:37:36,890 chaguo napenda wamechagua kuwa 576 00:37:36,890 --> 00:37:40,039 bipolar lakini sasa kwamba mimi ni bipolar 577 00:37:40,039 --> 00:37:44,410 Mimi itabidi kuishi kwa hayo. Ni vigumu kwa mimi kuwa rahisi. 578 00:37:44,410 --> 00:37:48,220 Mimi ni mwepesi sana wa hasira. 579 00:37:48,220 --> 00:37:51,359 580 00:37:51,359 --> 00:37:54,450 Nini Uholanzi njaa baridi uzushi ni kuhusu ni 581 00:37:54,450 --> 00:37:58,569 uzoefu, mazingira kuanza kwa muda mrefu kabla ya kuzaliwa na mbaya 582 00:37:58,569 --> 00:38:02,369 mazingira yanayokusumbua unaweza alama na kuacha makovu 583 00:38:02,369 --> 00:38:10,430 kudumu shimo maisha. 584 00:38:10,430 --> 00:38:16,490 585 00:38:16,490 --> 00:38:25,740 586 00:38:25,740 --> 00:38:26,630 Tunachukua 587 00:38:26,630 --> 00:38:31,269 alama za vidole kwa sababu hakuna nyani ana alama za vidole sawa na mtu mwingine. 588 00:38:31,269 --> 00:38:35,319 Hivyo sisi tu alichukua gummi huzaa na mimi matumaini ya kupata zaidi ya hapo na kupata yake. 589 00:38:35,319 --> 00:38:40,999 Wakati wa hii miaka mbalimbali vizazi utafiti, 590 00:38:40,999 --> 00:38:44,819 Robert ambaye alitumia kazi yake uhifadhi inasisitiza kuathiri 591 00:38:44,819 --> 00:38:45,630 mtu binafsi 592 00:38:45,630 --> 00:38:50,759 na juu ya kiini tracks uchaguzi wa msongo hata zaidi katika miili yetu 593 00:38:50,759 --> 00:38:55,400 Moja ya kuvutia zaidi mpya ya uongozi katika utafiti dhiki 594 00:38:55,400 --> 00:39:00,150 ni kuchukua athari za msongo chini ya bolts na karanga ngazi 595 00:39:00,150 --> 00:39:04,630 jinsi seli kazi, jinsi jeni kazi, kwamba miaka kadhaa nusu iliyopita hakuna mtu anaweza kuwa na 596 00:39:04,630 --> 00:39:05,210 kufikiri 597 00:39:05,210 --> 00:39:10,849 ndio unimaginable miundo maumbile inayoitwa telomeres 598 00:39:10,849 --> 00:39:15,359 ambayo kulinda ncha ya chromosomes yetu kutoka fraying 599 00:39:15,359 --> 00:39:19,420 kama sisi umri telomeres wetu kufupisha, nini ni ya kuvutia 600 00:39:19,420 --> 00:39:22,910 ni msongo kwa njia ya homoni mkazo 601 00:39:22,910 --> 00:39:26,779 Unaweza kuharakisha shortening ya telomeres, hivyo dhana ni kwa ajili ya 602 00:39:26,779 --> 00:39:28,700 exact guys wenye umri wa miaka 603 00:39:28,700 --> 00:39:32,710 kama wewe ni mdogo mwenye cheo guy ambaye ni marinating tu katika homoni mkazo 604 00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:38,150 telomeres yako ni kwenda kuwa mfupi. Hivyo ni jinsi gani kupata hii formidable kuomba 605 00:39:38,150 --> 00:39:38,900 kwetu 606 00:39:38,900 --> 00:39:42,690 San Rafael California 607 00:39:42,690 --> 00:39:47,549 mara moja kwa wiki Janet Lawson anaendelea uteuzi muhimu sana 608 00:39:47,549 --> 00:39:52,200 alijiunga na mama wengine ambao kushiriki mazingira kwamba kuzalisha sugu 609 00:39:52,200 --> 00:39:56,569 unremitting dhiki. Hivyo ... lakini yeye looses mizani yake na hiyo ni sehemu inatisha 610 00:39:56,569 --> 00:39:59,819 hivyo sisi tu akatoka kweli jana usiku na kununua kofia mpya kwa ajili ya kujifurahisha 611 00:39:59,819 --> 00:40:03,769 Yeye ni kupata wakubwa na kutaka uhuru zaidi ni kupata vigumu 612 00:40:03,769 --> 00:40:07,309 Kila moja ya wanawake hawa ni mama kwenda kwa mtoto mlemavu 613 00:40:07,309 --> 00:40:11,589 Kwa upande wetu mwanangu tu 8 na na kuna kutosha mimi wanaweza kushughulikia na mimi si kuruhusu 614 00:40:11,589 --> 00:40:12,680 mimi mwenyewe kwenda 615 00:40:12,680 --> 00:40:16,509 sana nje, i hawawezi. Mimi nilikuwa na rafiki hivi karibuni ambao akaniambia 616 00:40:16,509 --> 00:40:20,739 unajua Nadhani kwa kweli lazima kufikiria kuweka Lexie nyumbani na 617 00:40:20,739 --> 00:40:24,249 kwamba alikuwa kweli yanayokusumbua katika uhalisi kufikiri 618 00:40:24,249 --> 00:40:28,289 wahou hivyo ... 619 00:40:28,289 --> 00:40:32,349 hivyo ni kama jinsi gani unaweza 620 00:40:32,349 --> 00:40:35,980 hata kusema kwamba? Yeye ni, unajua mpenzi kidogo 621 00:40:35,980 --> 00:40:39,999 yeye ni, ingawa yeye kweli hawezi kuwasiliana 622 00:40:39,999 --> 00:40:45,960 yeye anapenda 623 00:40:45,960 --> 00:40:50,230 yeye anapenda 624 00:40:50,230 --> 00:40:53,540 Wanawake hawa ajabu alikuja tahadhari ya biologist 625 00:40:53,540 --> 00:40:58,520 daktari Elizabeth Blackburn. Sikuwa moja kwa moja kujua watu binafsi 626 00:40:58,520 --> 00:41:02,710 lakini najua hadithi na mimi ni mama mwenyewe na hivyo wakati mimi kusikia kuhusu hii 627 00:41:02,710 --> 00:41:03,380 cohort 628 00:41:03,380 --> 00:41:06,540 Mimi kwa kweli walidhani ilikuwa na thamani ya kutafuta nje 629 00:41:06,540 --> 00:41:10,330 kile kwa kweli kinachotokea katika moyo wa seli katika 630 00:41:10,330 --> 00:41:15,490 akina mama hawa ambao wanafanya jambo kama hilo ni vigumu kwa muda mrefu 631 00:41:15,490 --> 00:41:20,750 Daktari Blackburn ni kiongozi katika uwanja wa telomere utafiti. 632 00:41:20,750 --> 00:41:24,580 Tuna 46 chromosomes na wao ni capped mbali 633 00:41:24,580 --> 00:41:28,910 katika kila mwisho na telomeres. Hakuna aliyejua kwa binadamu 634 00:41:28,910 --> 00:41:32,240 hewa telomeres na fraying yao chini juu ya maisha 635 00:41:32,240 --> 00:41:35,680 itakuwa walioathirika na msongo sugu, na hivyo, 636 00:41:35,680 --> 00:41:38,840 tuliamua tunataka kuangalia kundi hili la 637 00:41:38,840 --> 00:41:44,030 sugu alisisitiza mama. Na tuliamua kuuliza nini kinatokea kwa wao 638 00:41:44,030 --> 00:41:47,080 telomeres na matengenezo ya telomeres yao. 639 00:41:47,080 --> 00:41:50,790 Nini sisi kupatikana mara urefu wa telomeres 640 00:41:50,790 --> 00:41:54,220 moja kwa moja inahusiana na kiasi cha msongo 641 00:41:54,220 --> 00:41:57,609 mtu yuko chini, na idadi ya miaka 642 00:41:57,609 --> 00:42:02,130 kwamba wao tumekuwa chini ya dhiki. Kama mama alisisitiza kuwa lengo la 643 00:42:02,130 --> 00:42:04,450 kujifunza na mwenzake daktari Blackburn, 644 00:42:04,450 --> 00:42:07,750 mwanasaikolojia Elissa Epel. 645 00:42:07,750 --> 00:42:11,570 Mama wa watoto wadogo ni kundi yenye alisisitiza. 646 00:42:11,570 --> 00:42:14,920 Mara nyingi kusawazisha na kushindana na mahitaji kama hiyo kazi 647 00:42:14,920 --> 00:42:19,270 na kuwalea watoto, na mara nyingi hawana muda wa kuchukua huduma ya wenyewe. 648 00:42:19,270 --> 00:42:22,910 Hivyo, kama wewe kuongeza juu ya kwamba, mzigo wa ziada ya kujali 649 00:42:22,910 --> 00:42:27,050 kwa ajili ya mtoto na mahitaji maalum, inaweza kuwa balaa. 650 00:42:27,050 --> 00:42:31,340 inaweza kodi hifadhi sana kwamba kuwezesha watu, 651 00:42:31,340 --> 00:42:34,930 na kama uko alisisitiza, kama wana kuripoti matatizo, wao huwa na kufa mapema. 652 00:42:34,930 --> 00:42:40,080 Wanawake hawa walioteuliwa telomeres, ilipungua shughuli ya enzyme hii, 653 00:42:40,080 --> 00:42:44,180 na idadi sana sana mbaya kwa ajili ya kila mwaka ulikuwa kutunza sugu 654 00:42:44,180 --> 00:42:45,090 mgonjwa mtoto, 655 00:42:45,090 --> 00:42:48,490 wewe got takribani miaka sita yenye thamani ya kuzeeka. 656 00:42:48,490 --> 00:42:51,859 Hii ni kweli, hii si tu mtu kunung'unika ... 657 00:42:51,859 --> 00:42:55,500 hii ni ya kweli, medically kubwa 658 00:42:55,500 --> 00:43:00,400 kuzeeka kinachoendelea, na tunaweza kuona kwamba ni kweli unasababishwa 659 00:43:00,400 --> 00:43:03,620 na msongo sugu. 660 00:43:03,620 --> 00:43:07,200 Lakini kuna matumaini. Daktari Blackburn ushirikiano aligundua 661 00:43:07,200 --> 00:43:10,660 enzyme, telomerase, ambayo inaweza kukarabati uharibifu. 662 00:43:10,660 --> 00:43:15,080 Ni nini mimi daima kuwaita tishio la matumaini ... Hiyo ni nzuri. Hiyo ni nzuri ... Ndiyo. 663 00:43:15,080 --> 00:43:19,290 Takwimu za awali 664 00:43:19,290 --> 00:43:24,580 unaonyesha kwamba mkutano wa akili, kama vile hii, inaweza kweli kuwa faida ya afya, 665 00:43:24,580 --> 00:43:27,790 kwa kuchochea uponyaji athari za telomerase. 666 00:43:27,790 --> 00:43:32,800 Na kucheka na kucheka, kama huna kucheka, kusahau hayo, huwezi kushughulikia hilo ... Ni ... 667 00:43:32,800 --> 00:43:37,120 Nini nimeona ni kwamba ucheshi ni kitu ... 668 00:43:37,120 --> 00:43:41,480 kuna kiwango fulani ya ucheshi nyeusi kwamba tuna juu ya watoto wetu 669 00:43:41,480 --> 00:43:45,720 kwamba tu tunashukuru, tuko wale tu ambao wanapata utani, na 670 00:43:45,720 --> 00:43:48,780 katika njia ya sisi ni wale tu ambao wanaruhusiwa wakiwacheka utani. 671 00:43:48,780 --> 00:43:53,620 Moja ya maswali katika uwanja mkazo ni, unajua, ni viungo kazi 672 00:43:53,620 --> 00:43:57,160 kwamba kupunguza msongo na kwamba kukuza longevity? 673 00:43:57,160 --> 00:44:01,120 Na huruma na na kuwajali wengine 674 00:44:01,120 --> 00:44:06,020 labda mmoja wa wale viungo muhimu zaidi. Kwa hiyo, wale labda mambo 675 00:44:06,020 --> 00:44:08,920 kwamba kukuza longevity na kuongeza telomerase, 676 00:44:08,920 --> 00:44:12,030 na kuweka seli zetu rejuvenating na regenerating 677 00:44:12,030 --> 00:44:18,320 Kwa hiyo, labda kuunganisha na na wengine kusaidia 678 00:44:18,320 --> 00:44:22,950 inaweza kutusaidia kurekebisha wenyewe, na pengine hata kuishi kwa muda mrefu, 679 00:44:22,950 --> 00:44:26,250 maisha na afya njema. 680 00:44:26,250 --> 00:44:30,780 Miaka ishirini iliyopita, Robert got hakikisho ya kutisha ya wazo hili. 681 00:44:30,780 --> 00:44:35,770 askari wa kwanza yeye milele alisoma, nyani alijisikia karibu na 682 00:44:35,770 --> 00:44:39,210 Na ingawa alikuwa vitabu yameandikwa juu, mateso msiba. 683 00:44:39,210 --> 00:44:43,500 Ingekuwa madhara makubwa kwa utafiti wake. 684 00:44:43,500 --> 00:44:49,740 Askari Keekorok ni moja mimi ilianza na miaka thelathini iliyopita, 685 00:44:49,740 --> 00:44:54,080 na walikuwa yako ya msingi wa miaka nyani askari wakati huo, na ambayo ina maana 686 00:44:54,080 --> 00:44:57,760 wanaume walikuwa fujo, na jamii ulikuwa yenye stratified, na 687 00:44:57,760 --> 00:45:01,950 wanawake alichukua mengi ya huzuni, na msingi wako mbali rack nyani askari. 688 00:45:01,950 --> 00:45:05,910 Na kisha kuhusu, na sasa karibu miaka ishirini iliyopita 689 00:45:05,910 --> 00:45:12,700 kitu kutisha na kisayansi kuvutia sana kilichotokea kwa kuwa askari. 690 00:45:12,700 --> 00:45:17,100 Askari Keekorok alichukua lishe kwa ajili ya chakula katika dampo la maarufu 691 00:45:17,100 --> 00:45:20,140 utalii nyumba ya kulala wageni. 692 00:45:20,140 --> 00:45:24,390 ilikuwa hoja mbaya. takataka ni pamoja na nyama 693 00:45:24,390 --> 00:45:27,500 tainted na kifua kikuu. 694 00:45:27,500 --> 00:45:32,780 Matokeo yake ni kwamba karibu nusu ya wanaume katika kikosi kufa. 695 00:45:32,780 --> 00:45:34,920 696 00:45:34,920 --> 00:45:39,890 Si unreasonably, I got huzuni kama kuzimu na pretty damn hasira kuhusu nini 697 00:45:39,890 --> 00:45:40,599 kilichotokea. 698 00:45:40,599 --> 00:45:45,369 Unajua, wakati wewe ni umri wa miaka 30, unaweza kumudu kutanua mengi ya hisia juu ya 699 00:45:45,369 --> 00:45:46,919 Nyani askari, na 700 00:45:46,919 --> 00:45:50,559 kuna mengi ya hisia huko. 701 00:45:50,559 --> 00:45:54,829 Kwa Robert, muongo wa utafiti alionekana zimepotea. 702 00:45:54,829 --> 00:45:58,519 Lakini baadaye alifanya uchunguzi curious 703 00:45:58,519 --> 00:46:02,400 kuhusu nani alikuwa amekufa na ambaye alikuwa alinusurika. 704 00:46:02,400 --> 00:46:05,779 Haikuwa random ambaye alifariki. Kwa kuwa askari, 705 00:46:05,779 --> 00:46:10,299 kama ungekuwa fujo, na kama ungekuwa si hasa kijamii kushikamana, 706 00:46:10,299 --> 00:46:13,890 kijamii affiliative, hakuwa kutumia muda wako gromning na kunyongwa nje, 707 00:46:13,890 --> 00:46:17,589 kama ungekuwa aina hiyo ya kiume ulikufa. 708 00:46:17,589 --> 00:46:21,660 Kila alpha kiume ameondoka. Askari Keekorok 709 00:46:21,660 --> 00:46:26,079 amekuwa kubadilika. Na nini walikuwa kushoto na alikuwa 710 00:46:26,079 --> 00:46:30,019 mara mbili ya wanawake wengi kama wanaume. Na wanaume ambao walikuwa iliyobaki walikuwa, 711 00:46:30,019 --> 00:46:33,759 Unajua, tu kutumia jargon kisayansi, walikuwa watu wazuri. 712 00:46:33,759 --> 00:46:37,599 Hawakuwa jerks fujo, walikuwa nzuri ya wanawake, walikuwa sana 713 00:46:37,599 --> 00:46:41,609 kijamii affiliative, ni kabisa kubadilishwa anga katika kikosi. 714 00:46:41,609 --> 00:46:46,689 Wakati nyani kiume kufikia ujana, 715 00:46:46,689 --> 00:46:49,689 wao kawaida kuondoka nyumbani kwao askari na roam, 716 00:46:49,689 --> 00:46:53,479 hatimaye kupata askari wapya. 717 00:46:53,479 --> 00:46:58,209 Hata wanaume vijana mpya anaweza kujiunga na jeshi, wao d kuja katika kama jerky kama yoyote 718 00:46:58,209 --> 00:47:00,479 wanaume vijana mahali pengine kwenye dunia hii, 719 00:47:00,479 --> 00:47:04,869 na itachukua yao miezi sita ya kujifunza ... sisi siyo kama kwamba katika kikosi hiki. 720 00:47:04,869 --> 00:47:07,989 Hatufanyi mambo kama hayo. Sisi siyo kwamba fujo. Sisi kutumia muda zaidi 721 00:47:07,989 --> 00:47:11,869 gromning kila mmoja. Wanaume ni calmer na kila mmoja. Huwezi dampo juu ya 722 00:47:11,869 --> 00:47:13,449 kike kama wewe ni katika mood mbaya. 723 00:47:13,449 --> 00:47:16,509 Na inachukua guys hizi mpya kuhusu kipindi cha miezi sita, na 724 00:47:16,509 --> 00:47:21,949 wao kuingiza mtindo huu, na una nyani utamaduni katika kikosi maalum huu 725 00:47:21,949 --> 00:47:22,890 ina utamaduni wa 726 00:47:22,890 --> 00:47:27,099 ya viwango vya chini sana vya kushambuliwa, na viwango vya juu ya uhusiano wa jamii, wao ni 727 00:47:27,099 --> 00:47:28,539 kufanya hivyo miaka ishirini baadaye. 728 00:47:28,539 --> 00:47:34,640 Na hivyo janga alikuwa zinazotolewa Robert na somo la msingi, 729 00:47:34,640 --> 00:47:37,659 siyo tu kuhusu seli, lakini jinsi 730 00:47:37,659 --> 00:47:42,749 kukosekana kwa dhiki inaweza kuwa na athari katika jamii. Je, haya guys kuwa na matatizo sawa 731 00:47:42,749 --> 00:47:43,919 na shinikizo la damu? 732 00:47:43,919 --> 00:47:48,099 Hakuna Do haya guys kuwa na matatizo sawa na ubongo kemia kuhusiana 733 00:47:48,099 --> 00:47:51,089 kwa wasiwasi ngazi msongo homoni? Si wakati wote. 734 00:47:51,089 --> 00:47:53,200 Siyo cheo yako, 735 00:47:53,200 --> 00:47:58,349 ni nini cheo yako ina maana katika jamii yako. Na huyo ni wa kweli kwa ajili ya binadamu, 736 00:47:58,349 --> 00:48:02,880 na tu tofauti kidogo. Sisi ni watu wa tabaka mbalimbali, 737 00:48:02,880 --> 00:48:08,089 na unaweza kuwa na kazi mbaya zaidi katika shirika lako, na hakuna uhuru na kudhibiti 738 00:48:08,089 --> 00:48:09,289 na uhakika, 739 00:48:09,289 --> 00:48:12,309 lakini wewe ni nahodha wa kampuni Softball timu mwaka huo. 740 00:48:12,309 --> 00:48:16,030 Na wewe bora bet wewe ni kwenda na kila aina ya njia za kisaikolojia kwa 741 00:48:16,030 --> 00:48:16,780 kuamua 742 00:48:16,780 --> 00:48:20,720 ni tu kazi, 9 na 5, kwamba si kile dunia ni kuhusu, nini dunia ni 743 00:48:20,720 --> 00:48:21,690 kuhusu ni 744 00:48:21,690 --> 00:48:25,200 Softball, mimi ni mkuu wa timu yangu, watu kuangalia juu kwangu 745 00:48:25,200 --> 00:48:29,390 na wewe kuja nje ya kwamba kuamua wewe ni juu ya uongozi kwamba mambo na wewe. 746 00:48:29,390 --> 00:48:36,310 747 00:48:36,310 --> 00:48:40,390 Naam, kwamba alifanya kazi ... na kura ya nyani uchafu. 748 00:48:40,390 --> 00:48:44,050 Ambayo, 749 00:48:44,050 --> 00:48:50,700 chini ya hali ya haki, na majaribio msimu haki ni mgodi wa dhahabu. 750 00:48:50,700 --> 00:48:54,200 Kwa bahati mbaya, wakati huu ni haki 751 00:48:54,200 --> 00:49:02,780 ngome kwamba nina safi sasa. 752 00:49:02,780 --> 00:49:06,330 Mimi kusoma dhiki kwa muda wa miaka thelathini sasa, na mimi hata 753 00:49:06,330 --> 00:49:09,619 kuwaambia watu jinsi wanapaswa kuishi kwa njia tofauti, hivyo labda mimi lazima 754 00:49:09,619 --> 00:49:11,770 kuwa kuingizwa haya yote, na ukweli ni, 755 00:49:11,770 --> 00:49:15,070 kama, Mimi ni unbelievably alisisitiza, na aina A, na 756 00:49:15,070 --> 00:49:19,770 hafifu kukabiliana, na kwa nini kingine mimi kujifunza mambo masaa 80 kwa wiki? 757 00:49:19,770 --> 00:49:24,540 Bila shaka kila kitu mimi kushauri inaweza kupoteza uaminifu wake wote kama i keel juu wafu 758 00:49:24,540 --> 00:49:26,810 from a heart attack in my early 50s. 759 00:49:26,810 --> 00:49:30,109 Sina vizuri katika kukabiliana na dhiki. 760 00:49:30,109 --> 00:49:34,490 Unajua, jambo moja kwamba kazi kwa faida yangu ni nampenda kazi yangu na mimi upendo 761 00:49:34,490 --> 00:49:36,560 kila nyanja ya hivyo, hivyo hiyo ni nzuri ... 762 00:49:36,560 --> 00:49:40,780 Hata hivyo, hii ni pretty wazi nafasi mbalimbali 763 00:49:40,780 --> 00:49:43,960 kuliko savannah katika Afrika Mashariki. 764 00:49:43,960 --> 00:49:47,710 Unaweza kufanya sayansi hapa hiyo ni tofauti sana na 765 00:49:47,710 --> 00:49:51,180 kuvutia zaidi katika baadhi ya njia, unaweza kuwa na nguvu ya moto juu ya zaidi ya mara kwa mara msingi 766 00:49:51,180 --> 00:49:52,800 Hiyo ni zaidi 767 00:49:52,800 --> 00:49:55,990 kuvutia, mbalimbali duniani katika kura ya njia 768 00:49:55,990 --> 00:50:02,680 lakini kuna mengi huko nje kwamba una uhakika miss. 769 00:50:02,680 --> 00:50:07,900 770 00:50:07,900 --> 00:50:10,770 Kuna mahali pretty miujiza, ambapo 771 00:50:10,770 --> 00:50:14,190 kila mlo ladha nzuri, na ni yako 772 00:50:14,190 --> 00:50:21,510 mara kumi na ufahamu zaidi wa kila hisia. Hii ni sehemu ngumu ya 773 00:50:21,510 --> 00:50:24,910 kuja mwaka baada ya mwaka bila kupata, nadhani, sana 774 00:50:24,910 --> 00:50:27,990 kimetaboliki tofauti na temperament. 775 00:50:27,990 --> 00:50:31,090 Mimi ni zaidi extroverted hapa, mimi ni zaidi, 776 00:50:31,090 --> 00:50:34,760 zaidi furaha ... 777 00:50:34,760 --> 00:50:38,570 Ni mahali vigumu si kuwa na furaha. 778 00:50:38,570 --> 00:50:42,200 779 00:50:42,200 --> 00:50:45,500 Hivyo moja 780 00:50:45,500 --> 00:50:49,410 Makata kwa dhiki inaweza kuwa kutafuta mahali ambapo tuna udhibiti 781 00:50:49,410 --> 00:50:53,380 lakini ni jinsi gani sisi hesabu na muda wote tunatumia kazini 782 00:50:53,380 --> 00:50:57,220 Naweza kusema nini tumejifunza kutoka 783 00:50:57,220 --> 00:51:01,340 Utafiti Whitehall, kutoka masomo ya nyani zisizo za binadamu 784 00:51:01,340 --> 00:51:05,380 ni hali ambayo watu kuishi na kufanya kazi 785 00:51:05,380 --> 00:51:08,550 ni muhimu kabisa kwa ajili ya afya 786 00:51:08,550 --> 00:51:11,740 Mtumishi waandamizi wa serikali Sara Woodhall 787 00:51:11,740 --> 00:51:15,610 anafurahia faida ya kudhibiti. I do not 788 00:51:15,610 --> 00:51:19,270 nadhani ikikabiliwa na uhaba I do not kazi masaa 100 kwa wiki 789 00:51:19,270 --> 00:51:23,890 Mimi kudhibiti kiasi cha kazi nizifanyazo mimi, ili kuhakikisha kuwa 790 00:51:23,890 --> 00:51:27,680 Siwezi kuendelea kutoa muda mrefu 791 00:51:27,680 --> 00:51:31,290 Kudhibiti ... kiasi cha kudhibiti ni undani kuhusiana 792 00:51:31,290 --> 00:51:34,600 ambapo wewe ni katika ngazi ya kazi 793 00:51:34,600 --> 00:51:38,120 na nini tumepata ni kwa ujumla 794 00:51:38,120 --> 00:51:41,340 watu kuripoti kwetu kwamba mambo yamekuwa mabaya 795 00:51:41,340 --> 00:51:44,710 kuwa kiasi cha msongo kazi ni gone up 796 00:51:44,710 --> 00:51:49,850 viwango vyao ugonjwa kwenda juu. Ambapo watu kuripoti kwetu kwamba wao got udhibiti zaidi 797 00:51:49,850 --> 00:51:53,850 wao ni kuwa kutibiwa zaidi uungwana kazini, kuna haki zaidi 798 00:51:53,850 --> 00:51:57,060 kwa kiasi cha matibabu ili mambo ni kupata bora, 799 00:51:57,060 --> 00:52:01,180 Kiasi cha ugonjwa inakwenda chini. Nimekuwa na bahati sana mimi 800 00:52:01,180 --> 00:52:06,300 Sijawahi uzoefu matatizo yoyote na afya yangu. Lakini si kila mtu ni bahati 801 00:52:06,300 --> 00:52:10,700 hivyo kuna dawa kwa idadi kubwa ya kwetu 802 00:52:10,700 --> 00:52:15,530 ambao si kwa juu? Kuwapa watu kuhusika zaidi katika kazi kuwapa zaidi kusema katika 803 00:52:15,530 --> 00:52:16,570 nini re kufanya 804 00:52:16,570 --> 00:52:20,190 kuwapa ujira zaidi kwa kiasi cha juhudi wao kuweka nje 805 00:52:20,190 --> 00:52:23,900 na wapate kufanikiwa kwako kuwa tu sehemu za kazi na afya njema 806 00:52:23,900 --> 00:52:29,070 lakini mahali pa kazi uzalishaji zaidi pia. 807 00:52:29,070 --> 00:52:32,160 Nimekuwa imeweza kufikia kiwango cha udhibiti 808 00:52:32,160 --> 00:52:36,470 wakati mimi niko katika nafasi nzuri sana hii ni mara ya kwanza walikuwa Najisikia 809 00:52:36,470 --> 00:52:37,270 Nimekuwa na 810 00:52:37,270 --> 00:52:41,540 bosi ambaye uppskattar mimi. Hana kutawala mikutano timu yeye anakaa nyuma 811 00:52:41,540 --> 00:52:45,480 yeye inakaribisha watu kuchangia, yeye lets watu wengine mwenyekiti 812 00:52:45,480 --> 00:52:50,080 Yeye ni meneja halisi na yeye, tangu mwanzo wakati mimi akarudi wa wagonjwa wangu karibuni 813 00:52:50,080 --> 00:52:51,400 kuondoka tu baada ya miezi sita iliyopita 814 00:52:51,400 --> 00:52:54,430 alikuwa hivyo chanya Nadhani Najisikia kutosha 815 00:52:54,430 --> 00:52:58,770 uwezo 816 00:52:58,770 --> 00:53:02,480 Ambao kufikiri 817 00:53:02,480 --> 00:53:05,480 kuwa nyani Robert ingekuwa kumweka sisi binadamu 818 00:53:05,480 --> 00:53:10,430 kuelekea matatizo ya bure Utopia. Hii inaweza kuonekana 819 00:53:10,430 --> 00:53:15,430 kidogo fanciful lakini nadhani nini sisi ni kujaribu kujenga 820 00:53:15,430 --> 00:53:20,240 ni jamii bora. Athari wote wawili wa nyani 821 00:53:20,240 --> 00:53:23,970 na huduma za Uingereza kiraia ni jinsi gani tunaweza kujenga 822 00:53:23,970 --> 00:53:29,260 jamii ambayo ina masharti ambayo itaruhusu watu na kushamiri 823 00:53:29,260 --> 00:53:32,570 na hapo ndipo hii ni viongozi wa kujenga 824 00:53:32,570 --> 00:53:39,900 jamii bora ili kudumisha kustawi binadamu 825 00:53:39,900 --> 00:53:42,940 Basi ni nini nyani kufundisha mtu wa kawaida katika huko 826 00:53:42,940 --> 00:53:46,140 do not bite mtu kwa sababu wewe ni kuwa siku mbaya 827 00:53:46,140 --> 00:53:51,089 si tu hubadilisha juu yao katika aina yoyote ya namna, ushiriki katika jamii ni inashangaza 828 00:53:51,089 --> 00:53:52,730 Jambo nguvu na 829 00:53:52,730 --> 00:53:57,619 kwamba alisema kwa mtu ambaye anaishi katika dunia ambapo nia na msukumo na aina ya mambo 830 00:53:57,619 --> 00:54:00,140 na wote wa aina ya mambo dominates 831 00:54:00,140 --> 00:54:05,250 Mambo hayo ni kweli ni muhimu na moja ya aina mkubwa wa sociality 832 00:54:05,250 --> 00:54:08,569 ni kutoa na sio kupokea na 833 00:54:08,569 --> 00:54:14,230 mambo hayo yote kufanya kwa ajili ya ulimwengu bora 834 00:54:14,230 --> 00:54:17,539 Mwingine moja ya mambo ambayo nyani kutufundisha 835 00:54:17,539 --> 00:54:22,220 ni kama wana uwezo wa, katika kizazi kimoja kubadili kile wanatakiwa 836 00:54:22,220 --> 00:54:22,869 kuwa 837 00:54:22,869 --> 00:54:26,369 vitabu vya kiada mifumo ya kijamii aina, ya kuchonga katika jiwe, 838 00:54:26,369 --> 00:54:30,289 hatuna udhuru wakati tunasema wao ni inevitabilities fulani kuhusu 839 00:54:30,289 --> 00:54:34,900 mifumo ya kijamii ya binadamu 840 00:54:34,900 --> 00:54:39,309 Na hivyo, swali haunting kwamba ni za kutoka Robert maisha ya kazi 841 00:54:39,309 --> 00:54:43,549 ni sisi ujasiri wa kutosha kujifunza kutoka nyani? 842 00:54:43,549 --> 00:54:48,440 Askari Kikarak hakuwa tu kuishi bila matatizo 843 00:54:48,440 --> 00:54:52,210 wao iliishi. 844 00:54:52,210 --> 00:55:01,940 Tunaweza? 845 00:55:01,940 --> 00:55:05,849 846 00:55:05,849 --> 00:55:10,240 847 00:55:10,240 --> 00:55:13,800 848 00:55:13,800 --> 00:55:16,800 849 00:55:16,800 --> 00:55:19,770