[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.17,0:00:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(MUSIC). Have you noticed that you're different to your relations, parents, or carers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.20,0:00:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your next door neighbor,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.81,0:00:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kid who lives across the street,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.82,0:00:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everyone else on the planet?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.29,0:00:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, you're unique.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.25,0:00:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But do you really know why you are different?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.27,0:00:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we all different to each other?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.87,0:00:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why does any organism have different characteristics to another organism?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.37,0:00:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer lies in a long-running debate called nature versus nurture,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.80,0:00:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or genetics versus environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.63,0:00:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a little less catchy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.67,0:00:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nature refers to our genetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.35,0:00:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The unique combination of genes that we have naturally
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.56,0:00:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inherited from our biological parents from their DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.42,0:00:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many characteristics are controlled by our genes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.67,0:00:59.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including our blood group,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.48,0:01:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eye color, or natural hair color.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.83,0:01:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some diseases are also caused by our genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.18,0:01:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, cystic fibrosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.06,0:01:13.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The color of a flower or a fruit is controlled by genes in plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.17,0:01:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nurture refers to the effect of the environment on characteristics.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.29,0:01:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The word literally means care.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.80,0:01:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Examples of characteristics that are determined by the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.01,0:01:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are weight or mass,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.90,0:01:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is dependent on your diet
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.87,0:01:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the presence of a scar.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.14,0:01:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some diseases may be caused by environmental influences such as type 2 diabetes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.37,0:01:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or coronary heart disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.98,0:01:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine a plant has not received enough sunlight or water,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.27,0:01:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this may influence the height of the plant
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.99,0:01:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the number of fruits produced.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.78,0:01:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would say that the environment has influenced these characteristics too
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.68,0:01:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that a plant has been affected by nurture.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.84,0:02:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you decide if each of these
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.77,0:02:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,characteristics is controlled by inherited characteristics,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.46,0:02:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the environment, or both?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.90,0:02:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where would each go on a Venn diagram?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.65,0:02:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pause the video while you think.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.18,0:02:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you get them all right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.22,0:02:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The effect of genetics and the environment on
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.94,0:02:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,characteristics has been researched using identical twins.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.90,0:02:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you think why this is?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.42,0:02:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Identical twins have identical DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.83,0:02:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so in theory, should have identical characteristics.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.10,0:02:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It follows that any differences between a pair of identical twins
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.25,0:02:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be due to the influence of the environment on their characteristics.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.76,0:02:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.65,0:02:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,twins often grow up to have very different
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.27,0:02:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personalities and preferences beyond their physical similarities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.73,0:03:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These studies showed that many characteristics are
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.20,0:03:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,influenced by both genetics and the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.64,0:03:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some studies actually used twins identical genomes as a control
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.83,0:03:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prove the effect of the environment on the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.71,0:03:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.93,0:03:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one study showed how skin aged differently
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.96,0:03:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by comparing smoker twins with non-smoker twins.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.57,0:03:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember that the characteristics of a living organism
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.08,0:03:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are influenced by its genetics and its interaction with the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.09,0:03:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so both nature
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.36,0:03:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nurture are responsible.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.87,0:03:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please like and share our videos with your friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.99,0:03:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have any questions that you want help with, just comment below.