0:00:00.860,0:00:03.739 As a kid I've always loved information 0:00:03.739,0:00:05.587 that I could get from data 0:00:05.587,0:00:08.629 and the stories that could be told with numbers. 0:00:08.629,0:00:10.833 I remember growing up I'd be frustrated about 0:00:10.833,0:00:16.459 how my own parents would lie to me using numbers. 0:00:16.459,0:00:22.173 (Immitating father)[br]"Talithia, if I've told you once I've told you a thousand times." 0:00:22.173,0:00:25.335 No dad, you've only told me 17 times 0:00:25.335,0:00:28.497 and twice it wasn't my fault. (Laughter) 0:00:28.497,0:00:31.661 I think that is one of the reasons I got a Ph.D. in statistics. 0:00:31.661,0:00:32.569 You know, I always wanted to know, 0:00:32.569,0:00:35.755 what are people trying to hide with numbers? 0:00:35.755,0:00:36.938 As a statistician, 0:00:36.938,0:00:40.791 I want people to show me the data 0:00:40.791,0:00:43.126 so I can decide for myself. 0:00:43.126,0:00:46.175 Donald and I were pregnant with our third child 0:00:46.175,0:00:48.909 and we were at about 41 and a half weeks, 0:00:48.909,0:00:52.286 what some of you may refer to as being overdue. 0:00:52.286,0:00:54.121 Statisticians, we call that 0:00:54.121,0:00:58.476 being within the 95 percent confidence interval. (Laughter) 0:00:58.476,0:01:00.951 And, at this point in the process 0:01:00.951,0:01:03.144 we had to come in every couple of days 0:01:03.144,0:01:04.952 to do a stress test on the baby, 0:01:04.952,0:01:06.134 and this is just routine, 0:01:06.134,0:01:09.500 it tests whether or not the baby is feeling any type of undo stress. 0:01:10.710,0:01:14.113 And you are rarely, if ever, seen by your actual Doctor, 0:01:14.113,0:01:17.280 just whoever happens to be working at the hospital that day. 0:01:17.280,0:01:20.026 So we go in for a stress test and after 20 minutes 0:01:20.026,0:01:23.524 the Doctor comes out and he says, 0:01:23.524,0:01:29.079 "your baby is on under stress, we need to induce you." 0:01:29.079,0:01:33.698 Now, as a statistician, what's my response? 0:01:33.698,0:01:37.370 Show me the data! 0:01:37.370,0:01:40.072 So then he proceeds to tell us 0:01:40.072,0:01:42.497 the baby's heart rate trace went from 18 minutes, 0:01:42.497,0:01:44.468 the baby's heart rate was in the normal zone 0:01:44.468,0:01:47.421 and for 2 minutes it was in what appeared to be 0:01:47.421,0:01:50.871 my heart rate zone and I said, 0:01:50.871,0:01:53.497 is it possible that maybe this was my heart rate? 0:01:53.497,0:01:55.492 You know, I was moving around a little bit... 0:01:55.492,0:01:57.790 it's hard to lay still on your back, 0:01:57.790,0:02:00.308 41 weeks pregnant for 20 minutes... 0:02:00.308,0:02:02.481 you know, maybe it was shifting around. 0:02:02.481,0:02:07.457 He said, "well, we don't want to take any chances." 0:02:07.457,0:02:08.867 I said, okay .... 0:02:08.867,0:02:10.436 I said, what if I was at 36 weeks 0:02:10.436,0:02:12.245 with this same data? 0:02:12.245,0:02:16.126 Would your decision be to induce? 0:02:16.126,0:02:17.474 (Immitating Doctor) "Well no, 0:02:17.474,0:02:19.692 I would wait until you were at least 0:02:19.692,0:02:21.702 38 weeks but you are almost 42, 0:02:21.702,0:02:23.709 there is no reason to leave that baby inside, 0:02:23.709,0:02:25.676 let's get you a room." 0:02:25.676,0:02:30.220 I said...well... 0:02:30.220,0:02:32.241 Why don't we just do it again? 0:02:32.241,0:02:34.162 We can collect more data... 0:02:34.162,0:02:36.373 I can try to be really still for 20 minutes... 0:02:36.373,0:02:39.056 we can sort of average the two and see.... 0:02:39.056,0:02:41.738 what that means. (Laughter) 0:02:41.738,0:02:47.235 And he says, 0:02:47.235,0:02:52.434 "Ma'am, I just don't want you to have a miscarriage." 0:02:52.434,0:02:55.566 That makes three of us. 0:02:55.566,0:02:56.720 And then he says, 0:02:56.720,0:03:01.438 "your chances of having a miscarriage double 0:03:01.438,0:03:05.135 when you go past your due date... let's get you a room." 0:03:05.135,0:03:10.892 Wow. So now as a statistician, what's my response? 0:03:10.892,0:03:12.240 Show me the data! 0:03:12.240,0:03:13.445 Dude you're talking chances, 0:03:13.445,0:03:15.701 I do chances all day long, tell me all about chances. 0:03:15.701,0:03:17.523 Let's talk chances. (Laugher) 0:03:17.523,0:03:19.488 Let's talk chances. 0:03:19.488,0:03:20.689 So I say okay, great... 0:03:20.689,0:03:24.590 do I go from like a 30 percent chance to a 60 percent chance? 0:03:24.590,0:03:27.141 Like, where are we here with this miscarriage thing? 0:03:27.141,0:03:30.437 And he says, "not quite but it doubles... 0:03:30.437,0:03:35.419 and we really just want what's best for the baby." 0:03:35.419,0:03:37.942 Undaunted, I try a different angle. 0:03:37.942,0:03:43.089 I said ok out of 1,000 full term pregnant woman, 0:03:43.089,0:03:45.616 how many of them are going to miscarry 0:03:45.616,0:03:47.411 just before their due date? 0:03:47.411,0:03:50.259 And then he looks at me and looks at Donald, 0:03:50.259,0:03:54.962 and he says, about one in 1,000. 0:03:54.962,0:03:57.792 I said okay, so of those 1,000 women how many 0:03:57.792,0:04:00.910 are going to miscarry just after their due date? 0:04:03.030,0:04:06.222 Immitating Doctor: "About two." 0:04:06.222,0:04:08.106 I said okay, so you are telling me that my chances 0:04:08.106,0:04:12.213 go from 0.1 percent chance 0:04:12.213,0:04:16.459 to a 0.2 percent chance. 0:04:16.459,0:04:18.757 Ok, so at this point the data is not convincing us 0:04:18.757,0:04:20.385 that we need to be induced 0:04:20.385,0:04:21.994 and so then we need to have a conversation 0:04:21.994,0:04:24.982 about how inductions leads to a higher rate 0:04:24.982,0:04:28.973 of cesarean sections and if at all possible we'd like to avoid that. 0:04:28.973,0:04:30.225 And then I said, you know, 0:04:30.225,0:04:34.960 and I really don't think my due date is accurate. (Laughter) 0:04:34.960,0:04:38.445 And so this really stunned him 0:04:38.445,0:04:40.095 and he looks sort of puzzled 0:04:40.095,0:04:42.227 and I said, well you may not know this 0:04:42.227,0:04:43.808 but pregnancy due dates are calculated 0:04:43.808,0:04:46.346 assuming that you have a standard 28 day cycle 0:04:46.346,0:04:47.748 and my cycle ranges, 0:04:47.748,0:04:51.295 sometimes it's 27, sometimes it is up to 38... 0:04:51.295,0:04:55.249 and I have been collecting the data to prove it. 0:04:55.249,0:04:58.413 (Laughter) 0:04:58.413,0:05:01.540 And so we ended up leaving the hospital that day 0:05:01.540,0:05:04.049 without being induced, 0:05:04.049,0:05:10.263 we actually had to sign a waiver to walk out of the hospital. 0:05:10.263,0:05:14.181 And I'm not advocating that you not listen to your Doctors, 0:05:14.181,0:05:15.289 because even with our first child 0:05:15.289,0:05:19.511 we were induced at 38 weeks, cervical fluid was low, 0:05:19.511,0:05:21.969 I'm not anti-medical intervention. 0:05:21.969,0:05:24.833 But why were confident to leave that day? 0:05:24.833,0:05:28.483 Well, we had data that told a different story. 0:05:28.483,0:05:33.491 We had been collecting data for six years. 0:05:33.491,0:05:35.789 I had this temperature data, 0:05:35.789,0:05:37.064 and it told a different story. 0:05:37.064,0:05:44.477 In fact, we could probably pretty accurately estimate conception. 0:05:44.477,0:05:46.379 Yeah, that's a story you want to tell 0:05:46.379,0:05:49.631 at your kid's wedding reception. (Laughter) 0:05:49.631,0:05:53.324 I remember like it was yesterday... (Laughter) 0:05:53.324,0:05:55.545 my temperature was a sizzling 97.8 degrees 0:05:55.545,0:06:03.279 as I stared into your father's eyes. (Laughter) 0:06:03.279,0:06:07.131 22 more years we're telling that story. 0:06:07.131,0:06:08.622 But we were confident to leave because 0:06:08.622,0:06:09.924 we had been collecting data. 0:06:09.924,0:06:13.100 Now what does that data look like? 0:06:13.100,0:06:14.987 Here's a standard chart 0:06:14.987,0:06:17.729 of a woman's waking body temperature 0:06:17.729,0:06:19.246 during the course of a cycle. 0:06:19.246,0:06:20.699 So from the beginning of the menstrual cycle 0:06:20.699,0:06:22.051 until the beginning of the next. 0:06:22.051,0:06:24.872 You'll see that the temperature is not random. 0:06:24.872,0:06:26.936 Right, there clearly there is a low pattern 0:06:26.936,0:06:28.935 at the beginning of her cycle 0:06:28.935,0:06:31.434 and then you see this jump and then a higher 0:06:31.434,0:06:33.712 set of temperatures at the end of her cycle. 0:06:33.712,0:06:35.133 So what's happening here? 0:06:35.133,0:06:37.739 What is that data telling you? 0:06:37.739,0:06:40.438 Well ladies, at the beginning of our cycle, 0:06:40.438,0:06:43.490 the hormone estrogen is dominant and that estrogen 0:06:43.490,0:06:47.589 causes a suppression of your body temperature. 0:06:47.589,0:06:51.126 And at ovulation, your body releases an egg 0:06:51.126,0:06:56.141 and progesterone takes over, pro-gestation. 0:06:56.141,0:06:58.493 And so your body heats up in anticipation 0:06:58.493,0:07:02.279 of housing this new little fertilized egg. 0:07:02.279,0:07:05.011 So why this temperature jump? 0:07:05.011,0:07:08.687 Well, think about when a bird sits on her eggs... 0:07:08.687,0:07:10.153 why is she sitting on them? 0:07:10.153,0:07:12.370 She wants to keep them warm, 0:07:12.370,0:07:13.594 protect them and keep them warm. 0:07:13.594,0:07:15.865 Ladies, this is exactly what our bodies do every month, 0:07:15.865,0:07:17.956 they heat up in anticipation 0:07:17.956,0:07:21.612 of keeping a new little life warm. 0:07:21.612,0:07:24.022 And if nothing happens, if you are not pregnant, 0:07:24.022,0:07:28.564 then estrogen takes back over and that cycle starts all over again. 0:07:28.564,0:07:30.511 But if you do get pregnant, sometimes you 0:07:30.511,0:07:32.578 actually see another shift in your temperatures 0:07:34.645,0:07:36.712 and it stays elevated for those whole nine months. 0:07:36.712,0:07:38.047 That's why you see those pregnant woman 0:07:38.047,0:07:39.142 just sweating and hot... 0:07:39.142,0:07:43.045 because their temperatures are high. 0:07:43.045,0:07:47.734 Here is a chart that we had about 3 or 4 years ago 0:07:47.734,0:07:49.434 we were really very excited about this chart, 0:07:49.434,0:07:51.970 you'll se the low temperature level 0:07:51.970,0:07:55.012 and then a shift and for about five days, 0:07:55.012,0:07:57.471 that's about the time it takes for the egg to travel 0:07:57.471,0:07:59.918 down the fallopian tube and implant, 0:07:59.918,0:08:03.559 and then you see those temperature charts go up a little bit. 0:08:03.559,0:08:06.772 And in fact, we had a second temperature shift 0:08:06.772,0:08:11.142 confirmed with a pregnancy test that were indeed pregnant 0:08:11.142,0:08:13.913 with our fist child, very exciting. 0:08:13.913,0:08:15.944 Until a couple of days later 0:08:15.944,0:08:20.885 I saw some spotting and then I noticed heavy blood flow, 0:08:20.885,0:08:25.244 and we had in fact had an early stage miscarriage. 0:08:25.244,0:08:29.324 Had I not been taking my temperature.... 0:08:29.324,0:08:33.012 I really just thought my period was late that month.... 0:08:33.012,0:08:34.820 but we actually had data to show 0:08:34.820,0:08:37.447 that we had miscarried this baby, 0:08:37.447,0:08:39.280 and even though this data revealed a really 0:08:39.280,0:08:40.864 unfortunate event in our lives, 0:08:40.864,0:08:43.531 it was information that we can then take to our doctor. 0:08:43.531,0:08:46.159 So if there was a fertility issue or some problem 0:08:46.159,0:08:47.414 I had data to show, 0:08:47.414,0:08:49.761 we got pregnant, our temperature shifted, 0:08:49.761,0:08:51.445 we somehow lost this baby... 0:08:51.445,0:08:54.805 what is it that we can do to help prevent this problem? 0:08:54.805,0:08:58.326 And it's not just about temperatures 0:08:58.326,0:09:01.067 and it is not just about fertility, 0:09:01.067,0:09:04.955 we can use data about our bodies to tell us a lot of things. 0:09:04.955,0:09:06.795 For instance, did you know that taking your 0:09:06.795,0:09:08.568 temperature can tell you a lot 0:09:08.568,0:09:10.924 about the condition of your thyroid? 0:09:10.924,0:09:15.309 So your thyroid works a lot like the thermostat in your house. 0:09:15.309,0:09:16.977 There is an optimal temperature that you want in your house, 0:09:16.977,0:09:18.681 you set your thermostat, 0:09:18.681,0:09:21.355 when it gets too cold in the house your thermostat kicks in 0:09:21.355,0:09:24.393 and says, "hey we need to blow some heat around", 0:09:24.393,0:09:25.702 or if it gets too hot your thermostat 0:09:25.702,0:09:29.619 sort of registers turn the AC on, cool us off 0:09:29.619,0:09:33.416 that's exactly how your thyroid works in your body. 0:09:33.416,0:09:36.116 Your thyroid tries to keep an optimal temperature 0:09:36.116,0:09:37.144 for your body. 0:09:37.144,0:09:39.626 If it get too cold your thyroid says we need to heat up, 0:09:39.626,0:09:42.814 if it gets too hot, your thyroid cools you down. 0:09:42.814,0:09:47.520 But what happens when your thyroid is not functioning well? 0:09:47.520,0:09:49.587 But when it doesn't function then it shows up 0:09:49.587,0:09:50.773 in your body temperatures, 0:09:50.773,0:09:53.428 they tend to be lower than normal and very erratic. 0:09:53.428,0:09:54.698 So by collecting this data 0:09:54.698,0:09:57.685 you can find out information about your thyroid. 0:09:57.685,0:10:01.249 Now, what is it, if you had a thyroid problem and you went to the doctor, 0:10:01.249,0:10:03.682 your doctor would actually test the amount of 0:10:03.682,0:10:06.620 thyroid stimulating hormone in your blood. 0:10:06.620,0:10:11.393 But the problem with that test is 0:10:11.393,0:10:13.718 it doesn't tell you how active the hormone is in your body. 0:10:13.718,0:10:15.617 So you may have a lot of hormone present 0:10:15.617,0:10:17.365 but it might not be actively working to regulate 0:10:17.365,0:10:18.613 your body temperature. 0:10:18.613,0:10:20.362 So just by collecting your temperature every day 0:10:20.362,0:10:24.132 you get information about the condition of your thyroid. 0:10:24.132,0:10:26.673 So what if you don't want to take your temperature every day? 0:10:26.673,0:10:28.021 I advocate that you do 0:10:28.021,0:10:29.876 but there's tons of other things you can take. 0:10:29.876,0:10:33.361 You can take your blood pressure, you can take your weight... 0:10:33.361,0:10:34.271 yeah, who's excited about 0:10:34.271,0:10:37.808 taking your weight every day. (Laughter) 0:10:37.808,0:10:43.109 Early on in our marriage Donald had a stuffy nose 0:10:43.109,0:10:45.719 and he had been taking a slew of medications 0:10:45.719,0:10:50.108 to try to relieve his stuffy nose to no avail. 0:10:50.108,0:10:53.957 And so that night he comes and he wakes me up and he says 0:10:53.957,0:10:58.304 "honey, I can't breath out of my nose". 0:10:58.304,0:11:04.269 And I sort of roll over and I look, and I said, well can you breath out of your mouth? 0:11:04.269,0:11:11.140 And he goes, "yes, but I cant breath out of my nose"! 0:11:11.140,0:11:14.400 And so like any good wife, I rush him 0:11:14.400,0:11:15.995 to the emergency room 0:11:15.995,0:11:18.557 at two o'clock in the morning. 0:11:18.557,0:11:21.897 And the whole time I'm driving and I'm thinking 0:11:21.897,0:11:24.746 you can't die on my now. (Laughter) 0:11:24.746,0:11:26.916 We just got married 0:11:26.916,0:11:31.584 people would think I killed you! 0:11:31.584,0:11:35.047 And so, we get to the ER and the nurse sees us 0:11:35.047,0:11:37.668 and he can't breath out of his nose and so 0:11:37.668,0:11:39.751 she brings us to the back and the doctor say, 0:11:39.751,0:11:41.310 what seems to be the problem and he goes, 0:11:41.310,0:11:42.927 "I can't breath out of my nose". 0:11:42.927,0:11:44.989 And he said, you can't breath out of your nose? "No"... 0:11:44.989,0:11:50.866 but he can breath out of his mouth...(laughter) 0:11:50.866,0:11:53.508 He takes a step back and he looks at both of us 0:11:53.508,0:11:57.374 and he says sir, I think I know the problem. 0:11:57.374,0:11:58.810 You're having a heart attack, 0:11:58.810,0:12:00.861 I'm going to order an EKG and a CAT scan 0:12:00.861,0:12:04.963 for you immediately. 0:12:04.963,0:12:05.831 And we are thinking, 0:12:05.831,0:12:08.771 no, no, no... it's not a heart attack, he can breathe, 0:12:08.771,0:12:13.768 just out of his mouth. No, no. no. 0:12:13.768,0:12:15.811 and so we go back and forth with this doctor 0:12:15.811,0:12:18.509 because we think it is the incorrect diagnosis 0:12:18.509,0:12:22.461 and he's like no really, it'll be fine, just calm down. 0:12:22.461,0:12:27.170 And I'm thinking, how do you calm down... I don't think he's having a heart attack. 0:12:27.170,0:12:29.621 Fortunately for us, this doctor was at the end of the shift. 0:12:29.621,0:12:32.536 So this new doctor comes in he sees us clearly 0:12:32.536,0:12:35.537 distraught, with a husband who can't breath 0:12:35.537,0:12:38.249 out of his nose. (Laughter) 0:12:39.409,0:12:41.425 He starts asking us questions. 0:12:41.425,0:12:46.305 He says well, do you two exercise? 0:12:46.305,0:12:52.008 We ride our bikes, we go to the gym, 0:12:52.008,0:12:55.161 occasionally. (Laughter) 0:12:55.161,0:12:57.896 We move around. 0:12:57.896,0:13:01.059 And he says, what were you doing just before you came here? 0:13:01.059,0:13:03.271 I'm thinking, I was sleeping, honestly... 0:13:03.271,0:13:06.322 But okay, what was Donald doing just before? 0:13:06.322,0:13:09.650 So Donald goes into this slew of medications he was taking. 0:13:09.650,0:13:12.612 He lists, I took this decongestant and then took this nasal spray 0:13:12.612,0:13:14.607 and then all of a sudden the light bulb goes off and he says, 0:13:14.615,0:13:18.832 "Oh! You should never mix this decongestant with this nasal spray, 0:13:18.832,0:13:19.879 clogs you up every time. 0:13:19.879,0:13:20.857 Here, take this one instead," 0:13:20.857,0:13:23.325 and he gives us a prescription. 0:13:23.325,0:13:25.315 We're looking at each other and I looked at the doctor 0:13:25.315,0:13:27.501 and I said why is it that it seems like you 0:13:27.501,0:13:29.952 were able to accurately diagnose his condition 0:13:29.952,0:13:32.168 but this previous doctor wanted to order 0:13:32.168,0:13:34.674 an EKG and a CAT scan? 0:13:34.674,0:13:37.281 And he looks at us and says, 0:13:37.281,0:13:40.369 "when a 350 pound man walks in the ER 0:13:40.369,0:13:41.484 and says he can't breath, 0:13:41.484,0:13:43.263 you assume he's having a heart attack 0:13:43.263,0:13:47.212 and you ask questions later." 0:13:47.212,0:13:52.932 ER doctors are trained to make decisions quickly, 0:13:52.932,0:13:55.023 but not always accurately. 0:13:55.023,0:13:56.572 And so had we had some information 0:13:56.572,0:13:58.966 about our heart health to share with him 0:13:58.966,0:14:01.161 maybe we would have gotten a better diagnosis 0:14:01.161,0:14:02.741 the first time. 0:14:02.741,0:14:04.973 I want you to consider the following chart, 0:14:04.973,0:14:06.927 of systolic blood pressure measurements 0:14:06.927,0:14:11.469 from October 2010 to July 2012. 0:14:11.469,0:14:12.692 You'll see that these measurements start 0:14:12.692,0:14:16.750 in the prehypertension/Hypertension zone, 0:14:16.750,0:14:18.946 but over about the course of a year and a half 0:14:18.946,0:14:21.591 they move into the normal zone. 0:14:21.591,0:14:25.700 This is about the hear rate of a healthy 16 year old. 0:14:25.700,0:14:29.731 What story is this data telling you? 0:14:29.731,0:14:32.152 Obviously is the data from someone 0:14:32.152,0:14:35.285 who's made a drastic transformation 0:14:35.285,0:14:40.443 and fortunately for us, that person happens to be here today. 0:14:40.443,0:14:44.697 So that 350 pound guy that walked into the ER with me 0:14:44.697,0:14:47.669 is now an even sexier and healthier 0:14:47.669,0:14:54.357 225 pound guy, and that's his blood pressure trace. 0:14:54.357,0:14:57.818 So over the course of that year and a half 0:14:57.818,0:14:59.387 Donald's eating changed 0:14:59.387,0:15:01.378 and his exercise regimen changed, 0:15:01.378,0:15:04.168 and his heart rate responded, 0:15:04.168,0:15:05.670 his blood pressure responded to that change 0:15:05.670,0:15:07.969 that he made in his body. 0:15:07.969,0:15:09.947 So what's the take home message 0:15:09.947,0:15:13.661 that I want you to leave with today? 0:15:13.661,0:15:18.035 By taking ownership of your data just like we've done, 0:15:18.035,0:15:21.982 just by taking this daily measurements about yourself, 0:15:21.982,0:15:24.491 you become the expert on your body. 0:15:24.491,0:15:26.493 You become the authority. 0:15:26.493,0:15:28.916 It's not hard to do. 0:15:28.916,0:15:31.016 You don't have to have a Ph.D. in statistics 0:15:31.016,0:15:31.978 to be an expert in yourself. 0:15:31.978,0:15:33.609 You don't have to have a medical degree 0:15:33.609,0:15:35.735 to be your body's expert. 0:15:35.735,0:15:38.764 Medical doctors, they're experts on the population, 0:15:38.764,0:15:41.432 but you are the expert on yourself. 0:15:41.432,0:15:43.222 And so when the two of you come together, 0:15:43.222,0:15:45.312 when two experts come together 0:15:45.312,0:15:48.107 the two of you are able to make a better decision 0:15:48.107,0:15:50.107 than just your doctor alone. 0:15:50.107,0:15:53.874 Now that you understand the power of information 0:15:53.874,0:15:55.745 that you can get through personal data collection, 0:15:55.745,0:15:59.414 I'd like you all to stand and raise your right hand. 0:15:59.414,0:16:01.973 (Laughter) 0:16:01.973,0:16:04.093 Yes, get it up. 0:16:06.771,0:16:14.239 I challenge you to take ownership of your data 0:16:14.239,0:16:17.241 and today, I hereby confer upon you 0:16:17.241,0:16:21.586 a TEDx associate's degree in elementary statistics 0:16:21.586,0:16:26.030 with a concentration in time dependent data analysis 0:16:26.030,0:16:29.743 with all the rights and privileges appertaining thereto. 0:16:29.743,0:16:33.219 And so the next time you are in your doctor's office. 0:16:33.219,0:16:36.410 As newly inducted statisticians, 0:16:36.410,0:16:38.920 what should always be your response? 0:16:38.920,0:16:40.752 Show me the data! I can't hear you... 0:16:40.752,0:16:42.520 Show me the data! 0:16:42.520,0:16:43.828 One more time... 0:16:43.828,0:16:45.367 Show me the data! 0:16:45.367,0:16:46.549 Show me the data. 0:16:46.549,0:16:49.570 Thank you. 0:16:49.570,0:16:54.370 (Applause)