[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.60,0:00:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supported by
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.83,0:00:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supported by\N{\b1}Protocol Labs{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.35,0:00:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supported by\N{\b1}Protocol Labs{\b0}\N{\i1}Follow your curiosity.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.42,0:00:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supported By\NProtocol Labs\N{\i1}Follow your curiosity.{\i0}\N{\i1}Lead humanity forward.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.19,0:00:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protocol Labs\N{\i1}Follow your curiosity.{\i0}\N{\i1}Lead humanity forward.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.44,0:00:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Follow your curiosity.{\i0}\N{\i1}Lead humanity forward.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.82,0:00:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In all the universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.13,0:00:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In all the universe,\Nthere stands only one known tree of life."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.42,0:00:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Does it stand alone?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.44,0:00:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Does it stand alone?\NOr is it part of a vast cosmic wilderness?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.04,0:00:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Imagine a museum\Ncontaining every type of life in the universe."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.48,0:01:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What strange things would such a museum hold?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.26,0:01:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What is possible under the laws of nature?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.13,0:01:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LIFE BEYOND
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.08,0:01:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CHAPTER II{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.71,0:01:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CHAPTER II{\b0}\N{\b1}THE MUSEUM OF ALIEN LIFE{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.80,0:02:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To have any hope of finding alien life,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.69,0:02:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to know what to look for.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.16,0:02:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where do we begin?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.44,0:02:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we narrow down a seemingly\Ninfinite set of possibilities?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.55,0:02:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's one thing we know for sure:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.76,0:02:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nature will have to play by her own rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.93,0:02:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No matter how strange alien life might be,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.48,0:02:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to be limited by the same physical \Nand chemical laws that we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.50,0:02:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO2 + 12 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.75,0:02:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On top of this, each alien environment will further \Nlimit what kinds of life forms can evolve there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.05,0:03:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite these natural boundaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.24,0:03:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the possibilities are staggering to imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.50,0:03:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trillions of planets, each a unique \Ncauldron of chemicals,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.99,0:03:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undergoing their own \Ncomplex evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.30,0:03:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To guide our thinking, this museum of alien life\Nwill be divided into two exhibits:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.77,0:03:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life as we know it: home to beings \Nwith bio-chemistries like ours.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.96,0:03:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And life as we don't know it: home to beings \Nthat challenge our concept of life itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.13,0:03:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before we venture too far \Ninto the unknown,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.10,0:03:58.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to ask ourselves:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.14,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if alien life is more \Nlike ours than we think?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.82,0:04:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.73,0:04:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\N{\b1}LIFE AS WE KNOW IT{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.02,0:04:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\N{\b1}LIFE AS WE KNOW IT{\b0}\N{\b1}CARBON & WATER BASED{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.44,0:04:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there's one feature that unites us with \Nthese other specimes in this museum, it's carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.01,0:04:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon is ubiquitous, it's one of the \Nmost common elements in the universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.74,0:04:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is very good at forming \Nlarge stable molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.29,0:04:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon has the rare ability to form four way\Nbounds with other elements
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.81,0:04:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to bind to itself in \Nlong, stable chains;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.42,0:04:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enabling the formation of \Nhuge complex molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.20,0:04:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This versatility makes carbon the center piece
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.09,0:05:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the moleculary machinery of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.52,0:05:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the same carbon compounds that we use\Nhave been found far from Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.74,0:05:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clinging to meteorites
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.36,0:05:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and floating in far off \Nclouds of cosmic dust.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.67,0:05:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The building blocks of life drifting \Nlike snow through the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.16,0:05:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if alien life has selected other carbon\Ncompounds for the biochemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.78,0:05:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will have plenty to choose from.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.09,0:05:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists recently identified over a \Nmillion possible alternatives to DNA:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.59,0:05:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all carbon based.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.95,0:06:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we ever discover other \Ncarbon based life forms,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.65,0:06:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be fundamentally related.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.93,0:06:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will be our cosmic brother.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.30,0:06:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But would they look anything like us?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.98,0:06:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they hail from Earth like planets,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.86,0:06:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could share even more in common,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.06,0:06:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than just our biochemistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.83,0:06:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would life be like in another\Nplanets, if its evolved?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.57,0:06:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would it be like, the world \Ntoday here on Earth?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.48,0:06:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or would be completely different?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.50,0:06:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are those, who argue that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.46,0:06:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the argument of convergent evolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.80,0:06:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if conditions on other planets are similar to here, then we will see very similar life forms;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.73,0:06:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animal and plant-like organisms, that look very familiar.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.24,0:07:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On Earth, certain features like eyesight, echo-location and flight
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.63,0:07:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have evolved multiple times, independently, in different species.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.65,0:07:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This process of convergent evolution could extend to alien planets like Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.22,0:07:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where creatures share similar environmental pressures.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.63,0:07:40.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's no guarantee, but there could be certain universalities of life;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.34,0:07:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the greatest hits of evolution on repeat across the Universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.04,0:08:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each feature would be a tune to its local environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.80,0:08:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dimly lit planets would produce huge eyes to suck in extra light, like nocturnal mammals.