[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.80,0:02:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator)\NTo have any hope of finding alien life,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.54,0:02:07.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to know what to look for.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.06,0:02:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where do we begin?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.30,0:02:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we narrow down a\Nseemingly infinite set of possibilities?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.34,0:02:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's one thing we know for sure:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.68,0:02:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nature will have to play by her own rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.79,0:02:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No matter how strange alien life might be,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.39,0:02:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to be limited by the same\Nphysical and chemical laws
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.83,0:02:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.61,0:02:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On top of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.23,0:02:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each alien environment will further limit
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.68,0:02:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what kinds of lifeforms can evolve there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.80,0:03:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite these natural boundaries,\Nthe possibilities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.12,0:03:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are staggering to imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.24,0:03:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trillions of planets,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.76,0:03:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each a unique cauldron of chemicals
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.92,0:03:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undergoing their own complex evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.18,0:03:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To guide our thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.70,0:03:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this museum of alien life\Nwill be divided into two exhibits:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.67,0:03:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,life as we know it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.28,0:03:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,home to beings\Nwith biochemistries like ours;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.69,0:03:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and life as we don't know it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.07,0:03:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,home to beings that challenge our concept
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.54,0:03:47.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of life itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.02,0:03:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before we venture too far into\Nthe unknown,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.10,0:03:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to ask ourselves:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.96,0:04:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if alien life
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.13,0:04:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more like us than we think?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.22,0:04:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there's one feature that unites us
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.30,0:04:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the other specimens in this museum,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.92,0:04:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.73,0:04:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Nick Lane)\NCarbon is ubiquitous,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.64,0:04:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's one of the most common\Nelements in the universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.52,0:04:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's very good at forming\Nlarge, stable molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.18,0:04:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator)\NCarbon has the rare ability to form
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.36,0:04:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four-way bonds\Nwith other elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.64,0:04:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to bind to itself
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.86,0:04:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in long, stable chains,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.26,0:04:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enabling the formation of\Nhuge complex molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.16,0:04:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This versatility makes carbon\Nthe centerpiece
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.12,0:05:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the molecular machinery of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.26,0:05:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the same carbon compounds\Nthat we use
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.11,0:05:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been found far from Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.55,0:05:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clinging to meteorites,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.16,0:05:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and floating in far-off clouds
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.40,0:05:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of cosmic dust.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.48,0:05:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The building blocks of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.17,0:05:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drifting like snow through the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.99,0:05:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if alien life has selected
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.05,0:05:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other carbon compounds for their\Nbiochemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.57,0:05:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will have plenty to choose from.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.96,0:05:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists recently identified
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.82,0:05:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a million possible alternatives\Nto DNA—
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.45,0:05:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all carbon-based.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.68,0:05:58.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we ever discover
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.95,0:06:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other carbon-based lifeforms,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.49,0:06:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would be fundamentally related.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.74,0:06:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would be our cosmic brethren.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.20,0:06:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But would they look anything like us?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.68,0:06:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they hail from Earth-like planets,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.61,0:06:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could share even more in common
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.92,0:06:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than just our biochemistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.69,0:06:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Jonathan Losos)\NWhat would life be like on other planets,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.19,0:06:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it is evolved?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.47,0:06:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would it be like
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.71,0:06:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world today here on Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.36,0:06:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or would it be completely different?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.41,0:06:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are those who argue that,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.21,0:06:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the argument of convergent evolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.71,0:06:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if conditions on other planets are\Nsimilar to here,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.53,0:06:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we would see very similar life forms—
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.58,0:06:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animal- and plant-like organisms\Nthat look very familiar.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.05,0:07:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator)\NOn Earth, certain features like
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.21,0:07:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eyesight, echolocation, and flight
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.77,0:07:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have evolved multiple times independently
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.49,0:07:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in different species.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.65,0:07:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This process of convergent evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.38,0:07:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could extend to alien planets like Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.12,0:07:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where creatures face similar environmental\Npressures.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.41,0:07:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's no guarantee,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.17,0:07:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there could be
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.23,0:07:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certain universalities of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.18,0:07:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The greatest hits of evolution\Non repeat across the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.72,0:08:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each feature would be attuned\Nto its local environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.81,0:08:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dimly lit planets
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.18,0:08:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would produce huge eyes to suck in\Nextra light,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.98,0:08:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like nocturnal mammals.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.09,0:08:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Jonathan Losos)\NSome people have gone so far as to say
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.59,0:08:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that human-type organisms,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.53,0:08:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,humanoids,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.26,0:08:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will occur on other planets.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.89,0:08:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The existence of other
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.15,0:08:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,humanlike organisms seems unlikely,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.02,0:08:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given the long, convoluted\Nchain of events
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.60,0:08:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that produced us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.02,0:08:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we can't rule it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.61,0:08:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If just one in every\Nhundred trillion Earth-like planets
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.37,0:08:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,produced a humanlike form,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.32,0:08:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there could still be
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.28,0:08:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands of creatures like us out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.05,0:09:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Convergent evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.38,0:09:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is also rampant in plant life,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.88,0:09:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and C₄ photosynthesis has arisen\Nindependently
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.54,0:09:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 40 times.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.62,0:09:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would alien plants look like ours
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.61,0:09:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or something else entirely?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.70,0:09:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On Earth, plants appear green
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.86,0:09:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they absorb the other wavelengths
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.87,0:09:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Sun's light spectrum.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.43,0:09:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But stars come in many colors,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.25,0:09:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and alien plants would evolve\Ndifferent pigments
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.75,0:09:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to adapt to their sun's unique spectrum.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.32,0:10:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plants feeding off hotter stars
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.43,0:10:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could appear redder,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.18,0:10:10.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by absorbing their energy-rich
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.13,0:10:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bluer light.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.56,0:10:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around dim red dwarf stars,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.11,0:10:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vegetation could appear black,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.96,0:10:26.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adapted to absorb
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.21,0:10:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all visible wavelengths of light.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.95,0:10:45.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth itself
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.99,0:10:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may have once appeared purple,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.85,0:10:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due a pigment called retinal
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.80,0:10:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was an early precursor\Nto chlorophyll.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.87,0:10:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some think that\Nretinal's molecular simplicity
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.05,0:11:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could make it a more universal pigment.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.68,0:11:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If so,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.99,0:11:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we may find that purple
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.60,0:11:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is life's favorite color.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.72,0:11:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the color of alien vegetation
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.77,0:11:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more than just a curiosity—
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.53,0:11:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's chemical information
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.02,0:11:29.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be seen from lightyears away.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.39,0:11:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth plants leave a signature "bump"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.51,0:11:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the light reflected off our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.08,0:11:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finding a similar signal\Nfrom another world
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.53,0:11:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could point the way to alien vegetation.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.26,0:11:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps this will be
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.63,0:11:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our first glimpse at alien life:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.86,0:11:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a vibrant hue cast by a distant world.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.52,0:12:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Caleb Scharf)\NWhat happens when you change
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.10,0:12:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the day length of a planet?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.30,0:12:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens when you change
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.37,0:12:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tilt of a planet?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.54,0:12:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens when you change
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.54,0:12:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the shape of the orbit?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.84,0:12:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens when you change
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.13,0:12:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the gravity of a planet?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.49,0:12:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator)\NPlanets with long, elliptical orbits
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.15,0:12:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would see drastic seasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.30,0:12:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There could be worlds
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.30,0:12:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that appear dead for thousands of years,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.46,0:12:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then suddenly spring to life.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.47,0:13:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the rocky planets\Ndiscovered so far
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.06,0:13:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been massive "super-Earths".
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.56,0:13:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How would life evolve on these worlds?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.54,0:13:19.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the seas,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.57,0:13:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gravity may not matter much at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.47,0:13:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Unnamed)\NA high-gravity planet
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.67,0:13:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn't high-gravity all over.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.59,0:13:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're in the sea\Nand that's where all life starts,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.26,0:13:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's very nearly no gravity
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.69,0:13:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'cause you're much the same density\Nas the stuff around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.31,0:13:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when the animals come out on land,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.64,0:13:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they feel the gravity.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.52,0:13:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator)\NHigh g-forces would necessitate
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.57,0:13:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,large bones and muscle mass
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.63,0:13:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in complex life on land.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.75,0:14:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would also demand
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.84,0:14:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a more robust circulatory system.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.77,0:14:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And plant life could be stunted
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.52,0:14:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the energy cost of carrying nutrients
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.02,0:14:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under stronger gravity.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.17,0:14:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Low-gravity planets
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.55,0:14:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would more easily\Nlose their atmospheres to space,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.80,0:14:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lack a magnetic field
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.34,0:14:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect from cosmic rays.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.75,0:14:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But smaller worlds could be home
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.60,0:14:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to secret oases:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.16,0:14:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,huge cave systems
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.50,0:14:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that provide hideouts for life.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.69,0:15:29.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The smallest possible habitable planets
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.35,0:15:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are estimated at 2.5%
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.90,0:15:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth's mass.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.00,0:15:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If surface life does evolve\Non these worlds,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.74,0:15:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could be a sight to behold.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.58,0:15:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plant life could grow to towering heights,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.39,0:15:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to carry nutrients higher\Nin lesser gravity.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.04,0:16:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And without the need
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.16,0:16:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for bulky skeletons and muscle mass,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.75,0:16:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animals could have body types
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.51,0:16:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that boggle the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.39,0:16:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here on Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.31,0:16:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it took three billion years for evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.84,0:16:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce complex plant and animal life.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.66,0:16:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simpler organisms are hardier,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.65,0:16:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more adaptable,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.72,0:16:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more widespread.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.28,0:16:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The largest collection
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.70,0:16:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the museum of alien life
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.44,0:16:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would likely be the "Hall of Microbes".
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.12,0:17:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet finding even the tiniest alien microbe
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.96,0:17:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be a profound discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.46,0:17:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And bite-sized life
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.85,0:17:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could leave a big footprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.76,0:17:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like stromatolites on Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.33,0:17:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,layers of microbes could build up
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.28,0:17:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into huge rock mounds over time,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.54,0:17:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving behind eerie structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.62,0:17:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in big enough numbers,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.41,0:17:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some alien bacteria could leave
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.25,0:17:54.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a distinct biosignature
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.87,0:17:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by exhaling gases that wouldn't\Ncoexist naturally,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.29,0:18:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like oxygen and methane.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.15,0:18:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Shawn Domagal-Goldman)\NThere's ways to make
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.92,0:18:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oxygen without life,\Nthere's ways to make
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.62,0:18:10.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,methane without life,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.94,0:18:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to have them in the atmosphere together
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.94,0:18:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is almost impossible unless you've got
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.56,0:18:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biology making those gases at the surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.67,0:18:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it would have an imprint
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.11,0:18:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the planet's spectrum of colors.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.70,0:18:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator)\NNext-generation space telescopes
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.69,0:18:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could find a signal like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.38,0:18:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a world not far from home.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.04,0:18:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Chris Crowe)\NThe closest Sun-like star
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.94,0:18:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with an Earth-like exoplanet\Nin the habitable zone
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.76,0:18:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is probably only 20 light years away,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.42,0:18:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can be seen with the naked eye.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.21,0:19:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most brown dwarfs are too hot
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.21,0:19:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support life as we know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.99,0:19:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But some are just cold enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.42,0:19:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the prime elements for life
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.24,0:19:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been detected\Ninside their atmospheres.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.46,0:19:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And within these clouds,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.02,0:19:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some layers would provide
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.50,0:19:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideal temperatures and pressures
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.34,0:19:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for habitability.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.07,0:19:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There could be photosynthetic plankton\Nin these skies,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.99,0:19:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kept aloft by churning upwinds.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.46,0:19:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with enough force,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.78,0:20:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these upwinds could even support
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.58,0:20:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,larger, more complex life.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.01,0:20:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Predators.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.07,0:20:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This raises a crucial question:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.64,0:20:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if we've been looking in\Nall the wrong places?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.52,0:20:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if nature has other ideas?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.93,0:21:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the universe\Nis too cold or too hot
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.30,0:21:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for liquid water and the biochemistry
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.42,0:21:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that supports life as we know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.30,0:21:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in case our biases are misleading,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.52,0:21:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to cast a wide net—
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.75,0:21:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to search for life outside\Nthe habitable zone,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.05,0:21:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in places that seem wildly hostile to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.42,0:21:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exotic environments will demand
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.35,0:21:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exotic biochemistries,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.41,0:21:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and while no element can match\Ncarbon's versatility,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.90,0:21:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one contender is a frontrunner.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:07.51,0:22:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first glance,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:08.62,0:22:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,silicon seems similar to carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.75,0:22:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It forms the same four-way bonds
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.93,0:22:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is also abundant in the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.22,0:22:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a closer look reveals that
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.00,0:22:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these two elements are false twins.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.15,0:22:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Silicon bonds are weaker,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.14,0:22:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and less prone to forming\Nlarge, complex molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.16,0:22:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite this,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.52,0:22:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can withstand a wider range\Nof temperatures,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.82,0:22:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opening up intriguing possibilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.19,0:22:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Carl Sagan)\NLife based on the silicon atom,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.24,0:22:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of carbon,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.59,0:22:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be more resistant to the\Nextreme cold,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.57,0:22:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,providing a whole new range
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.72,0:22:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of weird forms.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.10,0:23:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Narrator)\NBut silicon has a problem:
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.42,0:23:06.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the presence of oxygen,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.22,0:23:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it binds into solid rock.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.13,0:23:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To avoid turning to stone,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.10,0:23:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,silicon beings might be confined
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.14,0:23:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to oxygen-free environments,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.32,0:23:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Saturn's frigid moon,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:18.10,0:23:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Titan.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.91,0:23:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its vast lakes of\Nliquid methane and ethane
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.67,0:23:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be an ideal medium
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.13,0:23:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for silicon-based life,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.03,0:23:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or other radical biochemistries.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:37.10,0:23:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without ample sunlight,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.74,0:23:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beings on worlds like Titan
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.02,0:23:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would likely be chemosynthetic,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.12,0:23:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deriving their energy\Nby breaking down rocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:01.43,0:24:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such life forms could have
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.88,0:24:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ultra slow metabolisms,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.72,0:24:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and life cycles
Dialogue: 0,0:24:05.81,0:24:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,measured in millions of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.82,0:24:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In high temperatures,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.11,0:24:29.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,typically rigid silicon-oxygen bonds
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.63,0:24:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,become more flexible and reactive,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:32.67,0:24:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,triggering more dynamic chemistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:39.93,0:24:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has led to a truly bizarre proposal:
Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.46,0:24:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,silicon-based lifeforms
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.31,0:24:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that live inside molten silicate rock.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.75,0:25:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In theory,\Nthese forms could even exist
Dialogue: 0,0:25:03.32,0:25:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deep beneath the Earth inside\Nmagma chambers
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.09,0:25:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as part of a shadow biosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.14,0:25:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If so,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.49,0:25:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the aliens are right under our noses.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.56,0:25:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other shadow biospheres\Nhave been proposed—
Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.46,0:25:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forms of life living alongside us
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.46,0:25:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we don't even know are here—
Dialogue: 0,0:25:27.34,0:25:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including tiny RNA-based life\Nsmall enough to go
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.13,0:25:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undetected by existing instruments.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.74,0:25:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clouds of dust and empty space
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.77,0:25:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might seem like the last place\Nyou'd expect
Dialogue: 0,0:25:50.78,0:25:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find anything living.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.20,0:25:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when cosmic dust
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.58,0:25:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes contact with plasma,\Na type of ionized gas,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.15,0:26:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something strange happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:05.55,0:26:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In simulated conditions,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.24,0:26:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dust particles have been seen
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.94,0:26:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spontaneously self-organizing into
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.12,0:26:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helical structures that resemble DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.59,0:26:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These plasma crystals
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.99,0:26:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even begin to exhibit lifelike behavior:
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.58,0:26:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,replicating,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.56,0:26:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evolving into more stable forms,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.83,0:26:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and passing on information.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.11,0:27:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plasma is the most common state of matter
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.80,0:27:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.39,0:27:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If complex, evolving plasma crystals
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.86,0:27:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really exist,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:20.97,0:27:23.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if they can be considered life,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.12,0:27:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could be its most common form.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:51.26,0:27:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When massive suns explode,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.92,0:27:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some collapse into ultra dense cores
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.52,0:27:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called neutron stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.83,0:28:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hulking masses of atomic nuclei,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.16,0:28:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crammed together like sardines.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.31,0:28:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conditions on the surface are\Nmind-boggling—
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.71,0:28:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gravity is a hundred billion times
Dialogue: 0,0:28:11.15,0:28:12.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stronger than Earth's.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:15.46,0:28:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But beneath their iron nuclei crust
Dialogue: 0,0:28:17.71,0:28:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lies something strange:
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.33,0:28:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a hot dense sea
Dialogue: 0,0:28:22.80,0:28:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of neutrons and subatomic particles.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.31,0:28:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stripped of their electron shells,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.40,0:28:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these nuclei would obey
Dialogue: 0,0:28:37.77,0:28:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entirely different laws of chemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.38,0:28:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based not on the electromagnetic force,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.91,0:28:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the strong nuclear force
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.05,0:28:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which binds nuclei together.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:49.60,0:28:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In theory,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:50.61,0:28:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these particles could link up to form\Nlarger macronuclei,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.65,0:28:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which could then combine into even bigger
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.14,0:28:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"super nuclei".
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.60,0:29:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If so,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:07.78,0:29:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then this bewildering environment
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.54,0:29:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would mimic the basic conditions for life—
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.40,0:29:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heavy nucleon molecules,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:14.08,0:29:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,floating in a complex particle ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.51,0:29:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some scientists have proposed\Nthe unimaginable:
Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.35,0:29:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exotic life forms
Dialogue: 0,0:29:27.78,0:29:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drifting through the strange particle sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:30.95,0:29:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living, evolving, and dying
Dialogue: 0,0:29:33.02,0:29:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on incomprehensibly fast time scales.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.34,0:30:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life is not something
Dialogue: 0,0:30:20.58,0:30:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has to evolve naturally.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:26.19,0:30:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can be designed.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.41,0:30:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once intelligence is introduced
Dialogue: 0,0:30:43.44,0:30:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the evolutionary process,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.09,0:30:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Pandora's box is opened.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:05.98,0:31:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Free from typical biological limitations,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.97,0:31:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,synthetic and machine-based life
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.00,0:31:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be the most successful of all.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:16.51,0:31:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could thrive almost anywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.58,0:31:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including the vacuum of space,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.68,0:31:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opening up vast frontiers
Dialogue: 0,0:31:22.54,0:31:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unavailable to biological organisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.74,0:31:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And compared to the glacial pace\Nof natural selection,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.94,0:31:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technological evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.83,0:31:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allows exponentially faster growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.48,0:31:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adaptability, and resilience.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:56.07,0:31:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By some estimates,\Nautonomous self-replicating machines
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.48,0:32:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could colonize an entire galaxy
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.77,0:32:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in as little as a million years.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.69,0:32:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't predict how hyperintelligent life
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.48,0:32:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would organize itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.37,0:32:27.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in theory,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:27.41,0:32:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there could be convergent evolution\Nat play.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:32.18,0:32:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The electrical properties of silicon
Dialogue: 0,0:32:34.43,0:32:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might make it a universal basis
Dialogue: 0,0:32:36.33,0:32:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for machine intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.57,0:32:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a redemption for its biological\Nshortcomings.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.26,0:33:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the universe ages,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:55.06,0:33:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps machine intelligence will come\Nto dominate,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.63,0:34:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and naturally occurring biological life
Dialogue: 0,0:34:01.04,0:34:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be viewed as a quaint starting point.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:09.45,0:34:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps we ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:34:10.70,0:34:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will lead this transition,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:12.97,0:34:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the great human experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.53,0:34:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be merely a first link
Dialogue: 0,0:34:16.40,0:34:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a sprawling intergalactic chain\Nof life.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:27.45,0:35:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Loren Eiseley has said
Dialogue: 0,0:35:29.75,0:35:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one does not meet oneself
Dialogue: 0,0:35:31.67,0:35:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until one catches the reflection
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.35,0:35:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from an eye other than human.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.66,0:35:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One day that eye may be
Dialogue: 0,0:35:40.92,0:35:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that of an intelligent alien.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:45.66,0:35:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the sooner we eschew
Dialogue: 0,0:35:47.78,0:35:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our narrow view of evolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:52.02,0:35:55.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sooner we can truly explore
Dialogue: 0,0:35:55.83,0:35:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our ultimate origins and destinations.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:35.09,0:36:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English captions by\Nvrgtics, ericksoares3, and KillerGhoul