WEBVTT
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Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
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Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
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Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
Follow your curiosity.
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Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
Follow your curiosity.
Lead humanity forward.
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Protocol Labs
Follow your curiosity.
Lead humanity forward.
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Follow your curiosity.
Lead humanity forward.
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In all the universe,
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In all the universe,
there stands only one known tree of life.
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Does it stand alone?
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Does it stand alone?
Or is it part of a vast cosmic wilderness?
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Imagine a museum
containing every type of life in the universe.
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What strange things would such a museum hold?
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What is possible under the laws of nature?
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LIFE
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LIFE BEYOND
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CHAPTER II
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CHAPTER II
The Museum Of Alien Life
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To have any hope-
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of finding alien life,
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we have to know what to look for.
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But where do we begin?
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How do we narrow down...
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a seemingly infinite set-
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of possibilities...
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There's one thing we know for sure...
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nature will have to play-
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by her own rules.
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No matter how strange-
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alien life might be,
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is going to be limited-
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by the same physical...
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and chemical laws that we are....
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6_
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6 C_
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6 CO_
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6 CO₂
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6 CO₂ +
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6 CO₂ + 6
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6 CO₂ + 6 H_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O +
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + L
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Li
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Lig_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Ligh_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light →
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ +
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O_
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6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
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On top of this,
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
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On top of this,
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each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ →_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅O_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2C_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ +_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + E
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + En
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Ene
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Ener_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energ_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy_
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
each alien environment will further limit-
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⁴⁵⁸ ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
what kinds of life forms can evolve there.
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⁴⁵⁸ ɴɪʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
what kinds of life forms can evolve there.
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⁴⁰⁵⁰ ɴɪʀᴏɢᴇɴ | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy
what kinds of life forms can evolve there.
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Despite these natural boundaries,
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the possibilities are staggering to imagine.
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Trillions of planets,
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each a unique cauldron of chemicals,
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undergoing their own complex evolution.
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To guide our thinking,
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this museum of alien life-
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will be divided into two exhibits...
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Life as we know it,
NOTE Paragraph
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EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
Life as we know it,
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EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
home to beings-
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EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
with bio-chemistries like ours.
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EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
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EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
And life as we don't know it,
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EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
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EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
home to beings-
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EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
that challenge our concept of life itself.
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Before we venture-
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too far into the unknown,
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we have to ask ourselves...
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What if alien life-
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is more like us...
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than we think?
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EXHIBIT I
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EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
00:04:14.746 --> 00:04:15.174
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
00:04:15.174 --> 00:04:16.307
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
If there's one feature-
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EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
that unites us...
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EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
with these other specimes in this museum,
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EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
00:04:19.922 --> 00:04:21.245
EXHIBIT I
Life As We Know It
ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
it's carbon...
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Carbon
00:04:22.025 --> 00:04:22.087
Carbon ⁴
00:04:22.087 --> 00:04:22.150
S_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ
00:04:22.150 --> 00:04:22.212
ᴀ_ Sᴜ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐ
00:04:22.212 --> 00:04:22.275
C_
ᴀᴛ_ Sᴜʙ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒ
00:04:22.275 --> 00:04:22.337
R_ | C_
ᴀᴛᴏ_ Sᴜʙʟ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢ
00:04:22.337 --> 00:04:22.400
R +_ | C_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍ Sᴜʙʟɪ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ
00:04:22.400 --> 00:04:22.462
R + 7:_ | C
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃ
00:04:22.462 --> 00:04:22.525
R + 7: 9 | C
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇ
00:04:22.525 --> 00:04:22.587
R + 7: 9: | C 0
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡ_ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘ
00:04:22.587 --> 00:04:22.650
R + 7: 9: 5 | C 0_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇ_ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿ
00:04:22.650 --> 00:04:22.712
R + 7: 9: 56_ | C 0_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪ_ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈ
00:04:22.712 --> 00:04:22.775
R + 7: 9: 56._ | C 0_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃ
00:04:22.775 --> 00:04:22.837
R + 7: 9: 56.2_ | C 0
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿ
00:04:22.837 --> 00:04:22.900
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 00
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ
00:04:22.900 --> 00:04:22.962
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 00
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉ
00:04:22.962 --> 00:04:23.025
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 00_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴ_
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡ
00:04:23.025 --> 00:04:23.087
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 00_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂. Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉ
00:04:23.087 --> 00:04:23.150
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 00_
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐ
00:04:23.150 --> 00:04:23.212
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉ
00:04:23.212 --> 00:04:23.275
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿ
00:04:23.275 --> 00:04:23.337
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:04:23.337 --> 00:04:23.400
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:04:23.400 --> 00:04:24.370
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:04:24.370 --> 00:04:24.570
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:04:24.570 --> 00:04:26.147
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Carbon is ubiquitous,
00:04:26.147 --> 00:04:26.287
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:04:26.287 --> 00:04:26.575
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
it's one o' tho most-
00:04:26.575 --> 00:04:27.514
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
it's one o' tho most-
00:04:27.514 --> 00:04:28.790
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
common elements in the universe,
00:04:28.790 --> 00:04:29.357
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
common elements in the universe,
00:04:29.357 --> 00:04:29.515
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:04:29.515 --> 00:04:30.429
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and is very good at forming-
00:04:30.429 --> 00:04:30.833
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [He] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and is very good at forming-
00:04:30.833 --> 00:04:32.351
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [He] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
large stable molecules.
00:04:32.351 --> 00:04:32.822
R + 7: 9: 56.25
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
large stable molecules.
00:04:32.822 --> 00:04:33.523
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
large stable molecules.
00:04:33.523 --> 00:04:34.574
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:04:34.574 --> 00:04:36.759
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:04:36.759 --> 00:04:37.009
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:04:37.009 --> 00:04:38.638
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Carbon has the rare ability-
00:04:38.638 --> 00:04:38.888
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
to form four way bounds-
00:04:38.888 --> 00:04:40.354
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
to form four way bounds-
00:04:40.354 --> 00:04:40.621
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
with other elements...
00:04:40.621 --> 00:04:41.533
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [HE] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
with other elements...
00:04:41.533 --> 00:04:41.753
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [HE] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:04:41.753 --> 00:04:42.433
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [HE] 2s² 2p²
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and to bind to itself-
00:04:42.433 --> 00:04:42.914
R + 7: 9: 56.25
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
and to bind to itself-
00:04:42.914 --> 00:04:42.977
R + 7: 9: 56.25
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
in long stable chains...
00:04:42.977 --> 00:04:44.546
R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006
ᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ
Carbon ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
in long stable chains...
00:04:46.164 --> 00:04:47.475
enabling the formation...
00:04:47.525 --> 00:04:51.196
of huge complex molecules.
00:04:56.197 --> 00:04:59.093
This versatility makes carbon the center piece...
00:04:59.093 --> 00:05:01.130
in the moleculary machinery of life.
00:05:03.260 --> 00:05:05.002
And the same carbon compounds,
00:05:05.172 --> 00:05:06.346
that we use have been-
00:05:06.346 --> 00:05:08.507
found far from Earth,
00:05:08.526 --> 00:05:09.921
clinging to meteorites...
00:05:10.848 --> 00:05:10.973
G
00:05:10.973 --> 00:05:11.035
Gl
00:05:11.035 --> 00:05:11.098
Gly_
00:05:11.098 --> 00:05:11.225
Glyc_
00:05:11.225 --> 00:05:11.289
Glyci_
00:05:11.289 --> 00:05:11.353
Glycin
00:05:11.353 --> 00:05:12.148
Glycine
00:05:12.148 --> 00:05:14.591
Glycine
to floating in far off clouds...
00:05:14.591 --> 00:05:14.653
Glycine
00:05:14.653 --> 00:05:16.403
Glycine
of cosmic dust.
00:05:16.403 --> 00:05:18.480
Glycine
00:05:18.480 --> 00:05:19.964
Glycine
The building blocks of life...
00:05:21.180 --> 00:05:22.416
Drifting like snow...
00:05:22.486 --> 00:05:23.936
through the universe.
00:05:29.872 --> 00:05:32.490
And if alien life has selected other-
00:05:32.550 --> 00:05:34.954
carbon compounds for the biochemistry,
00:05:35.633 --> 00:05:37.954
they will have plenty to choose from.
00:05:40.449 --> 00:05:40.699
Z DNA | B DNA
00:05:41.958 --> 00:05:43.820
Scientists recently identified
00:05:43.820 --> 00:05:45.663
over a million possible-
00:05:45.753 --> 00:05:47.903
alternatives to DNA...
00:05:48.458 --> 00:05:50.769
all carbon based.
00:05:57.678 --> 00:05:58.877
If we ever discover-
00:05:58.877 --> 00:06:00.967
other carbon based life forms,
00:06:01.540 --> 00:06:05.561
we will be fundamentally related.
00:06:07.688 --> 00:06:11.030
They will be our cosmic brother.
00:06:13.216 --> 00:06:15.491
But would they look anything like us?
00:06:19.685 --> 00:06:22.222
If they hail from Earth like planets,
00:06:22.627 --> 00:06:24.172
we could share even more in common,
00:06:24.915 --> 00:06:28.442
than just our biochemistry.
00:06:29.686 --> 00:06:31.119
What would life be like-
00:06:31.155 --> 00:06:32.188
on another planets,
00:06:32.188 --> 00:06:32.961
if it is evolved?
00:06:33.466 --> 00:06:34.321
Would it be like,
00:06:34.651 --> 00:06:37.061
the world today here on Earth?
00:06:37.392 --> 00:06:39.562
Or would be completely different?
00:06:40.409 --> 00:06:41.231
There are those,
00:06:41.231 --> 00:06:42.156
who argue that...
00:06:42.206 --> 00:06:44.220
from the argument of convergent evolution,
00:06:44.713 --> 00:06:47.534
if conditions on other planets are similar to here,
00:06:47.579 --> 00:06:50.259
then we will see very similar life forms...
00:06:54.466 --> 00:06:56.846
Animal and plant-like organisms,
00:06:56.919 --> 00:06:59.777
that look very familiar.
00:07:12.048 --> 00:07:12.768
On Earth,
00:07:12.820 --> 00:07:15.087
certain features like eyesight,
00:07:15.190 --> 00:07:16.788
echo-location and flight..
00:07:16.788 --> 00:07:18.635
have evolved multiple times,
00:07:18.663 --> 00:07:19.595
independently...
00:07:19.595 --> 00:07:21.757
in different species.
00:07:23.648 --> 00:07:26.182
This process of convergent evolution...
00:07:26.290 --> 00:07:28.890
could extend to alien planets like Earth,
00:07:28.890 --> 00:07:34.712
where creatures share similar environmental pressures.
00:07:35.412 --> 00:07:36.949
It's no guarantee,
00:07:37.219 --> 00:07:38.689
but there could be certain-
00:07:38.689 --> 00:07:41.679
universalities of life...
00:07:44.177 --> 00:07:45.972
the greatest hits of evolution...
00:07:45.972 --> 00:07:48.842
on repeat across the Universe.
00:07:57.720 --> 00:07:59.451
Each feature would be a tune-
00:07:59.451 --> 00:08:02.234
to its local environment.
00:08:02.808 --> 00:08:04.169
Dimly lit planets...
00:08:04.169 --> 00:08:07.639
would produce huge eyes to suck in extra light,
00:08:07.985 --> 00:08:11.304
like nocturnal mammals.
00:08:14.090 --> 00:08:15.098
Some people have gone-
00:08:15.098 --> 00:08:16.467
so far as to say-
00:08:16.551 --> 00:08:18.496
that human type organism,
00:08:18.506 --> 00:08:19.231
humanoids,
00:08:19.231 --> 00:08:21.584
will occur on other planets.
00:08:25.886 --> 00:08:27.026
The existence of other-
00:08:27.076 --> 00:08:28.551
human-like organisms...
00:08:28.551 --> 00:08:29.821
seems unlikely,
00:08:30.025 --> 00:08:30.804
given the long...
00:08:30.804 --> 00:08:32.662
convoluted chain of events-
00:08:32.722 --> 00:08:33.722
that produced us.
00:08:35.016 --> 00:08:37.378
But we can't rule it out.
00:08:40.707 --> 00:08:41.898
If just one in every-
00:08:41.898 --> 00:08:44.758
100 trillion Earth-like planets produced-
00:08:44.798 --> 00:08:46.371
a human-like form...
00:08:46.424 --> 00:08:47.284
There could still be-
00:08:47.284 --> 00:08:51.238
thousands of creatures like us out there...
00:09:02.415 --> 00:09:07.288
But in reality, we are more likely to find
something lower on the food chain.
00:09:10.051 --> 00:09:11.303
Convergent evolution-
00:09:11.327 --> 00:09:13.547
is also rampant in plant life...
00:09:13.877 --> 00:09:15.817
and C₄ photosynthesis-
00:09:15.817 --> 00:09:17.355
has arisen independently...
00:09:17.484 --> 00:09:19.234
over 40 times...
00:09:21.479 --> 00:09:23.607
Would alien plants look like ours...
00:09:23.607 --> 00:09:25.814
or something else entirely?
00:09:36.696 --> 00:09:37.407
On Earth,
00:09:37.567 --> 00:09:38.950
plants appear green
00:09:38.950 --> 00:09:39.507
because they absorb
00:09:39.567 --> 00:09:40.867
the other wavelenghts
00:09:40.867 --> 00:09:44.234
in the Sun's light spectrum.
00:09:45.432 --> 00:09:48.937
But stars come in many colors..
00:09:52.429 --> 00:09:53.882
and alien plants would evolve-
00:09:53.882 --> 00:09:54.872
different pigments...
00:09:54.922 --> 00:09:58.612
to adapt to their sun's unique spectrum.
00:10:04.321 --> 00:10:06.301
Plants feeding off hotter stars-
00:10:06.457 --> 00:10:08.147
could appear redder,
00:10:08.184 --> 00:10:09.229
by absorbing their-
00:10:09.229 --> 00:10:11.281
energy rich bluer light
00:10:19.621 --> 00:10:21.709
Around dim Red Dwarfs stars,
00:10:22.110 --> 00:10:24.530
vegetation could appear black,
00:10:24.962 --> 00:10:26.633
adapted to absorb all-
00:10:26.726 --> 00:10:29.152
visible wavelengths of light.
00:10:44.948 --> 00:10:45.816
Earth itself-
00:10:45.908 --> 00:10:47.603
may have once appeared purple,
00:10:47.793 --> 00:10:49.042
due a pigment called retinal,
00:10:49.042 --> 00:10:49.589
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ
due a pigment called retinal,
00:10:49.589 --> 00:10:49.652
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ
00:10:49.652 --> 00:10:50.499
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ
that was an early-
00:10:50.499 --> 00:10:50.624
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ
precursor to chlorophyll.
00:10:50.624 --> 00:10:50.749
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ
precursor to chlorophyll.
00:10:50.749 --> 00:10:51.869
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ
precursor to chlorophyll.
00:10:51.869 --> 00:10:52.549
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ ᵖʰᵒᵗᵒˢʸⁿᵗʰᵉᵗⁱᶜ ᵖⁱᵍᵐᵉⁿᵗ
precursor to chlorophyll.
00:10:52.549 --> 00:10:54.929
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ ᵖʰᵒᵗᵒˢʸⁿᵗʰᵉᵗⁱᶜ ᵖⁱᵍᵐᵉⁿᵗ
00:10:54.929 --> 00:10:57.157
ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ | ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ᴅ ʀᴇᴛɪɴᴀʟ ᵖʰᵒᵗᵒˢʸⁿᵗʰᵉᵗⁱᶜ ᵖⁱᵍᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Some think that retinal's molecular simplicity...
00:10:57.157 --> 00:10:57.647
Some think that retinal's molecular simplicity...
00:10:58.079 --> 00:11:01.207
could make it a more universal pigment.
00:11:03.680 --> 00:11:04.566
If so,
00:11:04.986 --> 00:11:05.801
we may find...
00:11:05.801 --> 00:11:06.827
that purple...
00:11:07.603 --> 00:11:08.267
is life's...
00:11:08.267 --> 00:11:09.427
favorite color.
00:11:19.717 --> 00:11:21.750
But the color of alien vegetation...
00:11:21.790 --> 00:11:24.197
is more than just a curiosity,
00:11:25.586 --> 00:11:26.985
it's chemical information-
00:11:27.055 --> 00:11:27.925
that could be seen...
00:11:27.925 --> 00:11:29.825
from light years away.
00:11:34.368 --> 00:11:36.485
Earth plants leave a signature bump,
00:11:36.622 --> 00:11:38.842
in the light reflected off our planet.
00:11:40.076 --> 00:11:41.554
Finding a similar signal...
00:11:41.554 --> 00:11:43.465
from another world could point the way...
00:11:43.647 --> 00:11:46.717
to alien vegetation.
00:11:50.376 --> 00:11:50.946
Perhaps-
00:11:50.946 --> 00:11:51.966
this will be our...
00:11:51.985 --> 00:11:54.335
first glimpse at alien life,
00:11:54.865 --> 00:11:56.125
a vibrant hue...
00:11:56.585 --> 00:11:58.907
cast by a distant world.
00:12:12.135 --> 00:12:18.956
But the biggest influence on life won't be it's host star;
it will be it's home planet.
00:12:20.525 --> 00:12:21.217
What happens,
00:12:21.217 --> 00:12:22.465
when you change the day-length...
00:12:22.535 --> 00:12:23.195
of a planet?
00:12:23.375 --> 00:12:23.839
What happens,
00:12:23.839 --> 00:12:24.397
when you change-
00:12:24.447 --> 00:12:25.397
the tilt of a planet?
00:12:25.545 --> 00:12:25.846
What happens,
00:12:25.846 --> 00:12:26.636
when you change-
00:12:26.695 --> 00:12:27.695
the shape of the orbit?
00:12:27.835 --> 00:12:28.335
What happens,
00:12:28.335 --> 00:12:29.175
when you change-
00:12:29.254 --> 00:12:31.288
the gravity of a planet?
00:12:34.488 --> 00:12:35.658
Planets with long,
00:12:35.718 --> 00:12:37.148
elliptical orbits...
00:12:37.148 --> 00:12:40.118
would see drastic seasons.
00:12:41.298 --> 00:12:42.133
There could be worlds...
00:12:42.133 --> 00:12:43.038
did that appear dead-
00:12:43.078 --> 00:12:44.808
for the thousands of years,
00:12:45.458 --> 00:12:46.541
then suddenly...
00:12:46.639 --> 00:12:47.919
spring to life.
00:13:02.473 --> 00:13:03.970
Most of the rocky planets...
00:13:04.028 --> 00:13:05.028
discovered so far-
00:13:05.028 --> 00:13:06.138
have been massive-
00:13:06.178 --> 00:13:08.028
"Super Earths".
00:13:09.238 --> 00:13:09.300
G
00:13:09.300 --> 00:13:09.362
GJ
00:13:09.362 --> 00:13:09.425
GJ 3
00:13:09.425 --> 00:13:09.487
GJ 35
00:13:09.487 --> 00:13:09.550
GJ 357
00:13:09.550 --> 00:13:10.008
GJ 357 D
00:13:10.008 --> 00:13:10.023
GJ 357 D
ˢ
00:13:10.023 --> 00:13:10.039
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘ
00:13:10.039 --> 00:13:10.054
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖ
00:13:10.054 --> 00:13:10.070
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉ
00:13:10.070 --> 00:13:10.085
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ
00:13:10.085 --> 00:13:10.101
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉ
00:13:10.101 --> 00:13:10.117
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃ
00:13:10.117 --> 00:13:10.133
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳ
00:13:10.133 --> 00:13:10.148
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗ
00:13:10.148 --> 00:13:10.164
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
00:13:10.164 --> 00:13:10.179
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈ
00:13:10.179 --> 00:13:10.195
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦ
00:13:10.195 --> 00:13:10.210
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢ
00:13:10.210 --> 00:13:10.226
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗ
00:13:10.226 --> 00:13:10.242
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃ
00:13:10.242 --> 00:13:10.258
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿ
00:13:10.258 --> 00:13:10.273
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
00:13:10.273 --> 00:13:10.289
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
00:13:10.289 --> 00:13:10.304
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ:
00:13:10.304 --> 00:13:10.320
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~
00:13:10.320 --> 00:13:10.335
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³
00:13:10.335 --> 00:13:10.351
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹
00:13:10.351 --> 00:13:10.383
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸ
00:13:10.383 --> 00:13:10.390
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦ
00:13:10.390 --> 00:13:10.398
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍ
00:13:10.398 --> 00:13:10.406
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰ
00:13:10.406 --> 00:13:10.414
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ
00:13:10.414 --> 00:13:10.421
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸ
00:13:10.421 --> 00:13:10.429
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
00:13:10.429 --> 00:13:10.437
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
00:13:10.437 --> 00:13:10.445
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
00:13:10.445 --> 00:13:10.452
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
00:13:10.452 --> 00:13:10.460
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐ
00:13:10.460 --> 00:13:10.468
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃ
00:13:10.468 --> 00:13:10.476
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢ
00:13:10.476 --> 00:13:10.484
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ
00:13:10.484 --> 00:13:10.492
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ:
00:13:10.492 --> 00:13:10.500
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~
00:13:10.500 --> 00:13:10.508
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷
00:13:10.508 --> 00:13:10.515
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷×
00:13:10.515 --> 00:13:10.523
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱ
00:13:10.523 --> 00:13:10.531
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃ
00:13:10.531 --> 00:13:10.539
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳ
00:13:10.539 --> 00:13:10.546
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗ
00:13:10.546 --> 00:13:10.554
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
00:13:10.554 --> 00:13:10.562
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗ
00:13:10.562 --> 00:13:10.570
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉ
00:13:10.570 --> 00:13:10.577
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐ
00:13:10.577 --> 00:13:10.585
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
00:13:10.585 --> 00:13:10.593
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
00:13:10.593 --> 00:13:10.601
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
00:13:10.601 --> 00:13:10.609
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
00:13:10.609 --> 00:13:10.617
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
00:13:10.617 --> 00:13:10.625
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
00:13:10.625 --> 00:13:10.633
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
00:13:10.633 --> 00:13:10.640
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
00:13:10.640 --> 00:13:10.648
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ:
00:13:10.648 --> 00:13:10.656
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~
00:13:10.656 --> 00:13:10.664
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻
00:13:10.664 --> 00:13:10.671
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵
00:13:10.671 --> 00:13:10.679
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³
00:13:10.679 --> 00:13:10.687
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°
00:13:10.687 --> 00:13:12.577
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
00:13:12.577 --> 00:13:13.727
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
How would life evolve...
00:13:13.727 --> 00:13:15.788
GJ 357 D
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
on these worlds?
00:13:15.788 --> 00:13:15.803
GJ 357
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
on these worlds?
00:13:15.803 --> 00:13:15.819
GJ 357
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳᵗ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
on these worlds?
00:13:15.819 --> 00:13:15.834
GJ 357
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃʳ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
on these worlds?
00:13:15.834 --> 00:13:15.850
GJ 35
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉᵃ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
on these worlds?
00:13:15.850 --> 00:13:15.865
GJ 35
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ ᵉ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
on these worlds?
00:13:15.865 --> 00:13:15.881
GJ 35
ˢᵘᵖᵉʳ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗʰ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
on these worlds?
00:13:15.881 --> 00:13:15.897
GJ 3
ˢᵘᵖᵉ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳᵗ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
on these worlds?
00:13:15.897 --> 00:13:15.913
GJ 3
ˢᵘᵖ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰᵗ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
on these worlds?
00:13:15.913 --> 00:13:15.928
GJ 3
ˢᵘ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍʰ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱᵃ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°ᶜ
on these worlds?
00:13:15.928 --> 00:13:15.944
GJ
ˢ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦᵍ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷× ᴱ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³°
on these worlds?
00:13:15.944 --> 00:13:15.959
GJ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸᶦ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷×
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵³
on these worlds?
00:13:15.959 --> 00:13:15.975
G
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹ ᴸ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~ ⁷
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻⁵
on these worlds?
00:13:15.975 --> 00:13:15.990
G
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³¹
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ~
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~ ⁻
on these worlds?
00:13:15.990 --> 00:13:16.006
G
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~ ³
ᵐᵃˢˢ:
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ~
on these worlds?
00:13:16.006 --> 00:13:16.022
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ~
ᵐᵃˢˢ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ:
on these worlds?
00:13:16.022 --> 00:13:16.038
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ:
ᵐᵃˢ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
on these worlds?
00:13:16.038 --> 00:13:16.053
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
ᵐᵃ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
on these worlds?
00:13:16.053 --> 00:13:16.069
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
ᵐ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
on these worlds?
00:13:16.069 --> 00:13:16.084
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
on these worlds?
00:13:16.084 --> 00:13:16.100
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
on these worlds?
00:13:16.100 --> 00:13:16.115
ᵈᶦˢᵗ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
on these worlds?
00:13:16.115 --> 00:13:16.131
ᵈᶦˢ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
00:13:16.131 --> 00:13:16.147
ᵈᶦ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
00:13:16.147 --> 00:13:16.163
ᵈ
ᵗᵉᵐ
00:13:16.163 --> 00:13:16.178
ᵗᵉ
00:13:16.178 --> 00:13:16.194
ᵗ
NOTE Paragraph
00:13:18.580 --> 00:13:19.436
In the seas,
00:13:19.657 --> 00:13:20.843
gravity may not matter-
00:13:20.843 --> 00:13:22.173
much at all.
00:13:29.600 --> 00:13:30.670
A high-gravity planet...
00:13:30.700 --> 00:13:32.192
isn't high-gravity all over,
00:13:33.580 --> 00:13:34.450
If you're in the sea,
00:13:34.450 --> 00:13:35.832
and that's where all life starts...
00:13:36.257 --> 00:13:37.660
there's very nearly no gravity,
00:13:37.660 --> 00:13:38.882
cuz' you're much the density-
00:13:38.937 --> 00:13:42.582
as the stuff around you.
00:13:43.310 --> 00:13:44.398
It's when the animals-
00:13:44.448 --> 00:13:45.448
come out on land,
00:13:45.607 --> 00:13:47.942
that they feel the gravity.
00:13:51.548 --> 00:13:52.808
High g-force...
00:13:52.848 --> 00:13:53.628
would necessitate-
00:13:53.628 --> 00:13:55.516
large bones and muscle mass,
00:13:55.573 --> 00:13:58.743
in complex life on land...
00:13:59.748 --> 00:14:00.808
They would also demand-
00:14:00.836 --> 00:14:03.579
a more robust circulatory system.
00:14:04.683 --> 00:14:06.387
And plant life could be stunted...
00:14:06.470 --> 00:14:09.039
by the energy cost of carrying nutrients-
00:14:09.039 --> 00:14:12.943
under stronger gravity.
00:14:17.318 --> 00:14:18.536
Low-gravity planets...
00:14:18.587 --> 00:14:19.448
would more easily-
00:14:19.448 --> 00:14:21.708
lose their atmospheres to space,
00:14:21.838 --> 00:14:23.286
and lack a magnetic field-
00:14:23.286 --> 00:14:25.443
to protect from cosmic rays.
00:14:35.821 --> 00:14:36.905
But smaller worlds-
00:14:36.965 --> 00:14:39.404
could be home to secret oases...
00:14:46.161 --> 00:14:47.395
Huge cave systems...
00:14:47.599 --> 00:14:50.664
that provide hide-outs for life.
00:15:02.421 --> 00:15:11.094
With steadier temperatures and protection from cosmic rays,
life could thrive underground on planets with deadly surfaces.
00:15:26.691 --> 00:15:28.214
The smallest possible-
00:15:28.214 --> 00:15:29.293
habitable planets...
00:15:29.353 --> 00:15:31.817
are estimated at 2.5%-
00:15:31.897 --> 00:15:34.512
Earth's mass.
00:15:35.042 --> 00:15:38.475
If surface life does evolve on these worlds,
00:15:38.762 --> 00:15:40.786
it could be a sight to behold.
00:15:44.584 --> 00:15:47.064
Plant life could grow to towering heights,
00:15:47.484 --> 00:15:49.221
able to carry nutrients higher,
00:15:49.221 --> 00:15:51.246
at lesser gravity.
00:15:59.094 --> 00:16:00.280
And without the need...
00:16:00.280 --> 00:16:01.254
for bulky skeletons-
00:16:01.379 --> 00:16:02.379
and muscle mass,
00:16:02.754 --> 00:16:04.341
animals could have body types,
00:16:04.421 --> 00:16:06.591
that boggle the mind.
00:16:22.228 --> 00:16:28.229
Despite our eager imaginations, large complex lifeforms
are probably a cosmic rarity.
00:16:31.341 --> 00:16:32.310
Here on Earth,
00:16:32.310 --> 00:16:34.170
it took three billion years-
00:16:34.245 --> 00:16:34.835
for evolution...
00:16:34.835 --> 00:16:37.404
to produce complex plant and animal life.
00:16:39.663 --> 00:16:41.557
Simple organisms are hardier,
00:16:41.654 --> 00:16:42.654
more adaptable
00:16:42.766 --> 00:16:45.981
and more widespread.
00:16:48.283 --> 00:16:49.655
The largest collection-
00:16:49.705 --> 00:16:50.387
in the museum-
00:16:50.387 --> 00:16:51.390
of alien life...
00:16:51.440 --> 00:16:52.352
would likely be...
00:16:52.443 --> 00:16:54.694
the "Hall of Microbes".
00:17:10.116 --> 00:17:10.940
Yet finding even-
00:17:10.940 --> 00:17:12.963
the tiniest alien microbe...
00:17:13.010 --> 00:17:16.155
would be a profound discovery.
00:17:30.455 --> 00:17:31.849
And bite-sized life...
00:17:31.849 --> 00:17:34.522
could leave a big footprint.
00:17:35.762 --> 00:17:37.147
Like stromatolites on Earth,
00:17:37.327 --> 00:17:38.682
layers of microbes...
00:17:38.682 --> 00:17:39.449
could build up into-
00:17:39.497 --> 00:17:41.370
huge rock mounds over time.
00:17:41.542 --> 00:17:44.112
Leaving behind eery structures.
00:17:48.670 --> 00:17:50.343
And in big enough numbers,
00:17:50.412 --> 00:17:51.907
some alien bacteria...
00:17:51.907 --> 00:17:54.046
could leave a distinct biosignature,
00:17:55.874 --> 00:17:57.067
by exhaling gases-
00:17:57.067 --> 00:17:59.232
that wouldn't coexist naturally...
00:17:59.293 --> 00:18:00.455
Like oxygen...
00:18:00.476 --> 00:18:02.656
and methane.
00:18:07.166 --> 00:18:07.596
There's ways-
00:18:07.596 --> 00:18:08.906
to make oxygen without life.
00:18:08.946 --> 00:18:09.226
There's ways-
00:18:09.226 --> 00:18:09.706
to make-
00:18:09.706 --> 00:18:10.736
methane without life.
00:18:10.937 --> 00:18:11.423
But to have them-
00:18:11.423 --> 00:18:12.843
in the atmosphere together?
00:18:12.939 --> 00:18:14.068
Is almost impossible...
00:18:14.068 --> 00:18:15.037
unless you've got biology-
00:18:15.077 --> 00:18:15.737
making those gases-
00:18:15.737 --> 00:18:16.433
at the surface.
00:18:17.443 --> 00:18:18.248
And it would have,
00:18:18.248 --> 00:18:19.777
a imprint on the planet's-
00:18:19.777 --> 00:18:20.777
spectrum of colors.
00:18:22.695 --> 00:18:24.694
Next generation space telescopes-
00:18:24.754 --> 00:18:27.572
could find a signal like this,
00:18:28.424 --> 00:18:31.661
on a world not far from home.
00:18:32.164 --> 00:18:33.884
The closest Sun-like star-
00:18:33.941 --> 00:18:36.141
with an Earth-like exoplanet,
00:18:36.141 --> 00:18:37.667
in the habitable zone...
00:18:37.757 --> 00:18:38.801
is probably only-
00:18:38.801 --> 00:18:40.371
20 light years away...
00:18:40.419 --> 00:18:41.269
and can be seen...
00:18:41.419 --> 00:18:42.435
with a naked eye.
00:18:46.205 --> 00:18:51.880
But there may be an even easier target to aim for
than tiny Earth-like planets.
00:18:54.836 --> 00:19:01.749
The Brown Dwarfs: too small to wbe stars, to big to be planets.
00:19:06.209 --> 00:19:07.368
Most Brown Dwarfs...
00:19:07.428 --> 00:19:09.118
are too hot to support life-
00:19:09.118 --> 00:19:10.358
as we know it.
00:19:10.986 --> 00:19:12.777
But some are just cold enough.
00:19:14.018 --> 00:19:14.049
W
00:19:14.049 --> 00:19:14.080
WI
00:19:14.080 --> 00:19:14.111
WIS
00:19:14.111 --> 00:19:14.143
WISE
00:19:14.143 --> 00:19:14.174
WISE 0
00:19:14.174 --> 00:19:14.205
WISE 08
00:19:14.205 --> 00:19:14.236
WISE 085
00:19:14.236 --> 00:19:14.268
WISE 0855
00:19:14.268 --> 00:19:14.299
WISE 0855-
00:19:14.299 --> 00:19:14.330
WISE 0855-0
00:19:14.330 --> 00:19:14.361
WISE 0855-07
00:19:14.361 --> 00:19:14.393
WISE 0855-071
00:19:14.393 --> 00:19:14.485
WISE 0855-0714
00:19:14.485 --> 00:19:14.495
WISE 0855-0714
ˢ
00:19:14.495 --> 00:19:14.505
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘ
00:19:14.505 --> 00:19:14.516
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ
00:19:14.516 --> 00:19:14.526
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻
00:19:14.526 --> 00:19:14.536
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇ
00:19:14.536 --> 00:19:14.546
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳ
00:19:14.546 --> 00:19:14.557
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒ
00:19:14.557 --> 00:19:14.567
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷ
00:19:14.567 --> 00:19:14.577
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ
00:19:14.577 --> 00:19:14.587
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷
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ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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00:19:15.125 --> 00:19:15.137
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00:19:15.137 --> 00:19:15.150
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00:19:15.163 --> 00:19:15.176
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00:19:15.176 --> 00:19:15.188
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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00:19:15.188 --> 00:19:15.201
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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00:19:15.201 --> 00:19:15.214
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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00:19:15.214 --> 00:19:15.227
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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00:19:15.227 --> 00:19:15.239
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
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00:19:15.239 --> 00:19:15.252
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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00:19:15.252 --> 00:19:15.265
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ:
00:19:15.265 --> 00:19:15.278
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻
00:19:15.278 --> 00:19:15.290
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵
00:19:15.290 --> 00:19:15.303
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰
00:19:15.303 --> 00:19:15.316
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
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00:19:15.316 --> 00:19:15.329
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻
00:19:15.329 --> 00:19:15.341
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
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00:19:15.341 --> 00:19:15.354
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
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00:19:15.354 --> 00:19:15.367
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ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
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00:19:15.367 --> 00:19:21.948
WISE 0855-0714
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³ºᶜ
00:19:21.948 --> 00:19:21.987
WISE 0855-071
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³ºᶜ
00:19:21.987 --> 00:19:22.000
WISE 0855-07
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³ºᶜ
00:19:22.000 --> 00:19:22.062
WISE 0855-0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³ºᶜ
00:19:22.062 --> 00:19:22.124
WISE 0855-
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³ºᶜ
00:19:22.124 --> 00:19:22.187
WISE 0855
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³ºᶜ
00:19:22.187 --> 00:19:22.250
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³ºᶜ
00:19:22.250 --> 00:19:22.262
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³º
00:19:22.262 --> 00:19:22.275
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹³
00:19:22.275 --> 00:19:22.287
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻¹
00:19:22.287 --> 00:19:22.300
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻ ⁻
00:19:22.300 --> 00:19:22.312
WISE 085
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰ ⁻
00:19:22.312 --> 00:19:22.325
WISE 08
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰
00:19:22.325 --> 00:19:22.337
WISE 08
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵⁰
00:19:22.337 --> 00:19:22.349
WISE 08
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻⁵
00:19:22.349 --> 00:19:22.361
WISE 08
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ: ⁻
00:19:22.361 --> 00:19:22.373
WISE 08
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ:
00:19:22.373 --> 00:19:22.385
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉ
00:19:22.385 --> 00:19:22.397
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳ
00:19:22.397 --> 00:19:22.409
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘ
00:19:22.409 --> 00:19:22.422
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗ
00:19:22.422 --> 00:19:22.434
WISE 0
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃ
00:19:22.434 --> 00:19:22.446
WISE
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳ
00:19:22.446 --> 00:19:22.458
WISE
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉ
00:19:22.458 --> 00:19:22.471
WISE
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉʳ
ᵗᵉᵐᵖ
00:19:22.471 --> 00:19:22.483
WISE
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗᵉ
ᵗᵉᵐ
00:19:22.483 --> 00:19:22.495
WISE
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦᵗ
ᵗᵉ
00:19:22.495 --> 00:19:22.507
WIS
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖᶦ
ᵗ
00:19:22.507 --> 00:19:22.520
WIS
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘᵖ
00:19:22.520 --> 00:19:22.532
WIS
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲᵘ
00:19:22.532 --> 00:19:22.544
WIS
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ ʲ
00:19:22.544 --> 00:19:22.556
WIS
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰ˣ
00:19:22.556 --> 00:19:22.568
WI
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹⁰
00:19:22.568 --> 00:19:22.580
WI
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.¹
00:19:22.580 --> 00:19:22.592
WI
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³.
00:19:22.592 --> 00:19:22.604
WI
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ᵐᵃˢˢ: ³
00:19:22.604 --> 00:19:22.617
WI
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
ᵐᵃˢˢ:
00:19:22.617 --> 00:19:22.629
W
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
ᵐᵃˢˢ
00:19:22.629 --> 00:19:22.641
W
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
ᵐᵃˢ
00:19:22.641 --> 00:19:22.653
W
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸ
ᵐᵃ
00:19:22.653 --> 00:19:22.666
W
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ
ᵐ
00:19:22.666 --> 00:19:22.678
W
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍʰ
00:19:22.678 --> 00:19:22.690
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦᵍ
00:19:22.690 --> 00:19:22.702
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡᶦ
00:19:22.702 --> 00:19:22.715
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷ ˡ
00:19:22.715 --> 00:19:22.727
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ: ⁷
00:19:22.727 --> 00:19:22.740
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ:
00:19:22.740 --> 00:19:22.753
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
00:19:22.753 --> 00:19:22.766
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
00:19:22.766 --> 00:19:22.778
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿ
00:19:22.778 --> 00:19:22.791
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃ
00:19:22.791 --> 00:19:22.804
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢᵗ
00:19:22.804 --> 00:19:22.817
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦˢ
00:19:22.817 --> 00:19:22.829
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈᶦ
00:19:22.829 --> 00:19:22.842
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
ᵈ
00:19:22.842 --> 00:19:22.855
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳᶠ
00:19:22.855 --> 00:19:22.868
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃʳ
00:19:22.868 --> 00:19:22.881
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷᵃ
00:19:22.881 --> 00:19:22.894
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈʷ
00:19:22.894 --> 00:19:22.907
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ ᵈ
00:19:22.907 --> 00:19:22.920
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷⁿ
00:19:22.920 --> 00:19:22.932
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒʷ
00:19:22.932 --> 00:19:22.945
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳᵒ
00:19:22.945 --> 00:19:22.958
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇʳ
00:19:22.958 --> 00:19:22.971
ˢᵘᵇ⁻ᵇ
00:19:22.971 --> 00:19:22.983
ˢᵘᵇ⁻
00:19:22.983 --> 00:19:22.996
ˢᵘᵇ
00:19:22.996 --> 00:19:23.009
ˢᵘ
00:19:23.009 --> 00:19:23.022
ˢ
00:19:24.357 --> 00:19:28.703
All the prime elements for life have
been detected inside their atmospheres.
00:19:31.488 --> 00:19:35.695
And within these clouds, some layers
would provide ideal temperatures
00:19:35.735 --> 00:19:37.436
and pressures for habitability.
00:19:46.096 --> 00:19:49.588
There could be photosynthetic
plankton in these skies,
00:19:49.992 --> 00:19:53.663
kept aloft by churning upwinds.
00:19:57.563 --> 00:20:01.146
And with enough force, these upwinds
could even support larger,
00:20:01.186 --> 00:20:02.722
more complex life.
00:20:06.011 --> 00:20:08.362
Predators...
00:20:15.575 --> 00:20:23.680
There are over 25 billion brown dwarfs in our galaxy alone,
and their sizes will make them easier targets for study.
00:20:27.046 --> 00:20:35.018
The first specimen we discover from the museum of life may not be from a planet at all.
00:20:44.142 --> 00:20:46.054
This raises a crucial question...
00:20:47.920 --> 00:20:50.253
what if we've been looking in
all the wrong places?
00:20:52.308 --> 00:20:56.694
What if nature has other ideas?
00:20:58.852 --> 00:21:01.173
EXHIBIT II
00:21:01.173 --> 00:21:03.494
EXHIBIT II
Life As We Know Don't It
00:21:03.494 --> 00:21:07.902
EXHIBIT II
LIFE AS WE DON'T KNOW IT
ᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
00:21:21.172 --> 00:21:25.627
Most of the Universe is too cold or too
hot for liquid water and the
00:21:25.627 --> 00:21:28.161
biochemistry that supports
life as we know it.
00:21:31.514 --> 00:21:33.544
But in case our biases are misleading,
00:21:34.680 --> 00:21:36.307
we have to cast a wide net.
00:21:38.908 --> 00:21:41.431
To search for life outside
the habitable zone,
00:21:42.271 --> 00:21:44.881
in places that seem wildly hostile to us.
00:21:49.586 --> 00:21:53.085
Exotic environments will demand
exotic biochemistries.
00:21:53.646 --> 00:21:56.533
And while no element can match
carbon's versatility,
00:21:57.125 --> 00:21:58.918
one contender is a front runner.
00:22:07.707 --> 00:22:10.713
At first glance, silicon seem
similar to carbon.
00:22:13.025 --> 00:22:16.850
It forms the same four-way bonds and is
also abundant in the Universe.
00:22:19.462 --> 00:22:23.215
But a closer look reveals that these
two elements are false twins.
00:22:27.388 --> 00:22:32.397
Silicon bonds are weaker and less prone
to forming large complex molecules.
00:22:36.420 --> 00:22:39.961
Despite this, they can withstand
a wider range of temperatures,
00:22:41.050 --> 00:22:43.670
opening up intriguing possibilities.
00:22:47.381 --> 00:22:50.405
Life based on the silicon atom
instead of carbon,
00:22:50.698 --> 00:22:53.262
would be more resistant to
the extreme cold.
00:22:54.722 --> 00:22:57.982
Providing a whole new range of weird forms.
00:23:01.491 --> 00:23:02.755
But silicon has a problem:
00:23:04.616 --> 00:23:08.125
in the presence of oxygen,
it binds into solid rock.
00:23:10.373 --> 00:23:13.339
To avoid turning to stone, silicon beings
00:23:13.339 --> 00:23:15.970
might be confined to oxygen free environments.
00:23:16.598 --> 00:23:18.717
Like Saturn's frigid moon, Titan.
00:23:18.717 --> 00:23:23.048
TITAN
Saturnian Moon
Distance: 1,2 Million KM
Mass: .023X Earth
Temperature: -129ºC
00:23:23.048 --> 00:23:27.089
Its vast lakes of liquid methane and
ethane could be an ideal medium
00:23:27.089 --> 00:23:28.755
for silicon-based life,
00:23:29.204 --> 00:23:31.472
or other radical biochemistries.
00:23:37.433 --> 00:23:39.913
Without ample sunlight, beings on worlds
00:23:39.913 --> 00:23:42.961
like Titan, would likely be chemosynthetic.
00:23:43.337 --> 00:23:46.043
Deriving their energy by
breaking down rocks.
00:24:01.536 --> 00:24:03.770
Such life forms could have ultra slow
00:24:03.770 --> 00:24:07.906
metabolisms and life cycles
measured in millions of years.
00:24:16.015 --> 00:24:21.377
And frozen worlds aren't the only possible
harbor for exotic life.
00:24:22.566 --> 00:24:23.026
CoRoT-7B
00:24:23.026 --> 00:24:23.376
CoRoT-7B
Super Earth
00:24:23.376 --> 00:24:23.626
CoRoT-7B
Super Earth
Distance: ~520 Light Years
00:24:23.636 --> 00:24:23.886
CoRoT-7B
Super Earth
Distance: ~520 Light Years
Mass: -8x Earth
00:24:23.886 --> 00:24:25.961
CoRoT-7B
Super Earth
Distance: ~520 Light Years
Mass: -8x Earth
Temperature: 1026-1526ºC
00:24:25.961 --> 00:24:30.279
In high temperatures, typically rigid
silicon oxygen bonds become more
00:24:30.279 --> 00:24:31.780
flexible and reactive.
00:24:33.003 --> 00:24:34.831
Triggering more dynamic chemistry.
00:24:40.080 --> 00:24:42.846
This has led to a truly bizarre proposal:
00:24:43.704 --> 00:24:48.609
silicon-based life forms that live
inside molten silicate rock.
00:25:01.093 --> 00:25:03.424
In theory, these forms could even exist
00:25:03.424 --> 00:25:06.104
deep beneath the Earth inside
magma chambers
00:25:06.306 --> 00:25:08.460
as part of a shadow biosphere.
00:25:12.472 --> 00:25:16.505
If so, then the aliens are right
under our noses.
00:25:20.799 --> 00:25:23.017
Other shadow biospheres have
been proposed:
00:25:23.570 --> 00:25:27.036
forms of life living alongside us
that we don't even know are here.
00:25:27.528 --> 00:25:30.416
Including tiny RNA-based life, small
00:25:30.416 --> 00:25:33.543
enough to go undetected by
existing instruments.
00:25:46.821 --> 00:25:50.797
Clouds of dust and empty space might
seem like the last place you'd expect
00:25:50.797 --> 00:25:52.092
to find anything living.
00:25:54.398 --> 00:25:57.207
But when cosmic dust makes
contact with plasma,
00:25:57.570 --> 00:25:59.006
a type of ionized gas,
00:25:59.494 --> 00:26:00.717
something strange happens.
00:26:05.770 --> 00:26:08.338
In simulated conditions, dust particles,
00:26:08.341 --> 00:26:11.105
have been seen spontaneously
self-organizing
00:26:11.105 --> 00:26:13.623
into helical structures that resemble DNA.
00:26:18.848 --> 00:26:22.262
These plasma crystals even begin
to exhibit life-like behavior:
00:26:23.728 --> 00:26:28.464
replicating, evolving into more stable
forms and passing on information.
00:26:35.715 --> 00:26:38.878
Could these crystals be considered alive?
00:26:41.564 --> 00:26:48.715
To some researchers, they meet all the criteria
to qualify as inorganic life forms.
00:26:52.469 --> 00:26:57.113
So far, we have only ever seen them in computer simulations.
00:26:58.443 --> 00:27:04.672
But some speculate we could find them
among the ice particles in the rings of Uranus.
00:27:12.270 --> 00:27:15.761
Plasma is the most common state
of matter in the Universe.
00:27:17.666 --> 00:27:20.769
If complex evolving plasma
crystals really exist
00:27:21.252 --> 00:27:22.758
and if they can be considered life,
00:27:23.377 --> 00:27:25.253
they could be its most common form.
00:27:38.505 --> 00:27:43.043
Or perhaps life is lurking in the
polar opposite environment:
00:27:43.043 --> 00:27:46.997
inside the hearts of dead stars.
00:27:51.400 --> 00:27:54.319
When massive suns explode, some collapase into
00:27:54.319 --> 00:27:57.044
ultra dense cores called neutron stars.
00:27:57.044 --> 00:27:58.168
PSR B1509-58
Neutron Star
Distante: 17,000 Light Years
Spin Rate: ~7/second
00:27:58.168 --> 00:28:01.902
Hulking masses of atomic nuclei
crammed together like sardines.
00:28:05.556 --> 00:28:07.774
Conditions on the surface are mind-boggling:
00:28:08.922 --> 00:28:12.210
gravity is a hundred billion times
stronger than Earth's.
00:28:15.724 --> 00:28:19.243
But beneath their iron nuclei
crust lies something strange:
00:28:21.474 --> 00:28:25.358
a hot dense sea of neutrons
and subatomic particles.
00:28:34.550 --> 00:28:36.827
Stripped of their electron shells, these
00:28:36.827 --> 00:28:39.906
nuclei would obey entirely
different laws of chemistry,
00:28:40.486 --> 00:28:42.714
based not on the electromagnetic force,
00:28:42.994 --> 00:28:44.956
but the strong nuclear force,
00:28:45.227 --> 00:28:46.655
which binds nuclei together.
00:28:49.720 --> 00:28:52.129
In theory, these particles could link-up
00:28:52.129 --> 00:28:55.406
to form larger macronuclei,
which could then
00:28:55.406 --> 00:28:58.253
combine into even bigger super nuclei.
00:29:06.696 --> 00:29:09.665
If so, then this bewildering environment
00:29:09.665 --> 00:29:11.714
would mimic the basic conditions for life.
00:29:12.484 --> 00:29:16.745
Heavy nucleon molecules floating
in a complex particle ocean.
00:29:22.729 --> 00:29:25.221
Some scientists have proposed
the unimaginable:
00:29:26.532 --> 00:29:30.326
exotic life forms drifting through
the strange particle sea,
00:29:31.143 --> 00:29:35.880
living, evolving and dying on
incomprehensibly fast time scales.
00:29:55.942 --> 00:30:01.025
There's probably no chance of ever detecting
such a strange breed of life.
00:30:02.572 --> 00:30:07.802
But there may be hope for finding
an even more exotic form.
00:30:19.436 --> 00:30:22.466
Life is not something that has to evolve naturally.
00:30:26.286 --> 00:30:27.456
It can be designed.
00:30:41.566 --> 00:30:45.176
And once intelligence is introduced into the evolutionary process,
00:30:46.226 --> 00:30:48.206
a Pandora's Box is opened.
00:31:06.007 --> 00:31:12.989
Free from typical biological limitations, synthetic and machine - based life could be the most successful of all.
00:31:16.547 --> 00:31:20.375
It could thrive almost anywhere, including the vaccum of space,
00:31:20.807 --> 00:31:25.244
opening up vast frontiers unavailable to biological organisms.
00:31:31.777 --> 00:31:36.777
And compared to the glacial pace of natural selection, technical evolution
00:31:36.927 --> 00:31:41.941
allows exponentially faster growth, adaptability and resilience.
00:31:56.237 --> 00:32:00.377
By some estimates, autonomous, self - replicating machines could colonize
00:32:00.377 --> 00:32:03.923
an entire galaxy in as little as a million years.
00:32:18.877 --> 00:32:22.870
We can't predict how hyper - intelligent life would organise itself,
00:32:26.507 --> 00:32:29.893
but in theory, there could be convergent evolution at play.
00:32:32.247 --> 00:32:37.819
The electrical properties of Silicon might make it a universal basis for machine intelligence,
00:32:38.697 --> 00:32:41.689
a redemption for its biological shortcomings.
00:33:03.036 --> 00:33:04.776
With all its potential advantages,
00:33:04.776 --> 00:33:10.016
With all its potential advantages, machine life may even be a universal endpoint:
00:33:10.016 --> 00:33:15.393
With all its potential advantages, machine life may even be a universal endpoint: the apex of evolutionary process.
00:33:53.413 --> 00:33:58.123
As the universe ages, perhaps machine intelligence would come to dominate,
00:33:58.733 --> 00:34:03.738
and naturally occurring biological life will be viewed as a quaint starting point.
00:34:09.663 --> 00:34:12.156
Perhaps, we ourselves will lead this transition,
00:34:12.973 --> 00:34:19.695
and the great human experiment would be merely a first link in a sprawling intergalactic chain of life.
00:34:51.225 --> 00:35:01.959
In the end, we are still the only beings we know of in the museum of alien life.
00:35:07.479 --> 00:35:10.489
To truly know ourselves, we will have to know:
00:35:10.489 --> 00:35:13.409
To truly know ourselves, we will have to know: are we the only ones?
00:35:27.479 --> 00:35:32.229
Loren Eisley has said, that one does not meet oneself until
00:35:32.229 --> 00:35:36.531
one catches the reflection from an eye other than human.
00:35:38.754 --> 00:35:42.840
One day that eye may be that of an intelligent alien.
00:35:45.724 --> 00:35:50.620
And the sooner we eschew our narrow view of evolution,
00:35:52.284 --> 00:35:59.121
the sooner we can truly explore our ultimate origins and destinations.
00:36:04.474 --> 00:36:07.494
We have seen what could be out there.
00:36:10.486 --> 00:36:12.956
And we know how we might find it.
00:36:15.936 --> 00:36:18.626
There is only one thing left to do.
00:36:22.196 --> 00:36:25.526
Go looking.
00:36:34.506 --> 00:36:36.846
HANDCRAFTED BY MELODYSHEEP