[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.60,0:00:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.83,0:00:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ\N{\b1}Protocol Labs{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.35,0:00:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ\N{\b1}Protocol Labs{\b0}\NFollow your curiosity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.42,0:00:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ\N{\b1}Protocol Labs{\b0}\NFollow your curiosity.\NLead humanity forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.19,0:00:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Protocol Labs{\b0}\NFollow your curiosity.\NLead humanity forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.44,0:00:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Follow your curiosity.\NLead humanity forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.82,0:00:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}In all the universe,{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.13,0:00:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}In all the universe,\Nthere stands only one known tree of life.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.42,0:00:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Does it stand alone?{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.44,0:00:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Does it stand alone?\NOr is it part of a vast cosmic wilderness?{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.04,0:00:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Imagine a museum\Ncontaining every type of life in the universe.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.36,0:01:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}What strange things would such a museum hold?{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.26,0:01:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}What is possible under the laws of nature?{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.77,0:01:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LIFE
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.91,0:01:45.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LIFE BEYOND
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.02,0:01:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CHAPTER II{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.88,0:01:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CHAPTER II{\b0}\N{\i1}The Museum Of Alien Life{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.80,0:02:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To have any hope-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.66,0:02:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of finding alien life,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.54,0:02:07.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to know what to look for.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.06,0:02:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where do we begin?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.30,0:02:16.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we narrow down...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.57,0:02:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a seemingly infinite set-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.07,0:02:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of possibilities...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.31,0:02:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's one thing we know for sure...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.68,0:02:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nature will have to play-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.08,0:02:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by her own rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.79,0:02:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No matter how strange-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.20,0:02:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alien life might be,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.39,0:02:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to be limited-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.22,0:02:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the same physical...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.61,0:02:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and chemical laws that we are....
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.95,0:02:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.01,0:02:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 C
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.08,0:02:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.14,0:02:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.20,0:02:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ +
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.26,0:02:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.33,0:02:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.39,0:02:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.45,0:02:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.51,0:02:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O +
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.58,0:02:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + L
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.64,0:02:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Li
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.70,0:02:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Lig
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.76,0:02:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Ligh
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.83,0:02:47.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.89,0:02:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light →
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.95,0:02:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.01,0:02:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.08,0:02:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.14,0:02:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.20,0:02:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.26,0:02:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.33,0:02:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.39,0:02:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ +
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.45,0:02:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.51,0:02:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.58,0:02:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.61,0:02:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On top of this,\N6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.31,0:02:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On top of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.18,0:02:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.69,0:02:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0}\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.76,0:02:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.82,0:02:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.88,0:02:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.94,0:02:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.01,0:02:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.07,0:02:54.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.13,0:02:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ →\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.19,0:02:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.26,0:02:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.32,0:02:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.38,0:02:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.44,0:02:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.51,0:02:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅O\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.57,0:02:54.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.63,0:02:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.69,0:02:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.76,0:02:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2C\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.82,0:02:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.88,0:02:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ +\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.94,0:02:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + E\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.01,0:02:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + En\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.07,0:02:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Ene\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.13,0:02:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Ener\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.19,0:02:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energ\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.26,0:02:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.32,0:02:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy\Neach alien environment will further limit-
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.63,0:02:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy\Nwhat kinds of life forms can evolve there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.31,0:02:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁵⁸ {\i1}ɴɪʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy\Nwhat kinds of life forms can evolve there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.44,0:02:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,⁴⁰⁵⁰ {\i1}ɴɪʀᴏɢᴇɴ{\i0} | C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH +2CO₂ + Energy\Nwhat kinds of life forms can evolve there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.99,0:03:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite these natural boundaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.24,0:03:12.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the possibilities are staggering to imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.24,0:03:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trillions of planets,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.78,0:03:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each a unique cauldron of chemicals,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.92,0:03:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undergoing their own complex evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.15,0:03:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To guide our thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.60,0:03:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this museum of alien life-
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.32,0:03:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be divided into two exhibits...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.67,0:03:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life as we know it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.04,0:03:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\NLife As We Know It\Nᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ\NLife as we know it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.19,0:03:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\NLife As We Know It\Nᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ\Nhome to beings-
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.22,0:03:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\NLife As We Know It\Nᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ\Nwith bio-chemistries like ours.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.57,0:03:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT II{\b0}\NLife As We Know Don't It\Nᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.69,0:03:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT II{\b0}\NLife As We Know Don't It\Nᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ\NAnd life as we don't know it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.59,0:03:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT II{\b0}\NLife As We Know Don't It\Nᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.07,0:03:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT II{\b0}\NLife As We Know Don't It\Nᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ\Nhome to beings-
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.04,0:03:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT II{\b0}\NLife As We Know Don't It\Nᴱˣᵒᵗᶦᶜ ᴮᶦᵒᶜʰᵉᵐᶦˢᵗʳᶦᵉˢ\Nthat challenge our concept of life itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.02,0:03:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before we venture-
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.04,0:03:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too far into the unknown,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.10,0:03:59.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to ask ourselves...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.96,0:04:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if alien life-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.18,0:04:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more like us...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.25,0:04:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we think?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.76,0:04:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.73,0:04:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\NLife As We Know It
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.75,0:04:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\NLife As We Know It\Nᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.17,0:04:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\NLife As We Know It\Nᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ\NIf there's one feature-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.31,0:04:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\NLife As We Know It\Nᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ\Nthat unites us...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.33,0:04:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\NLife As We Know It\Nᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ\Nwith these other specimes in this museum,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.51,0:04:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\NLife As We Know It\Nᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.92,0:04:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT I{\b0}\NLife As We Know It\Nᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ\Nit's carbon...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.78,0:04:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Carbon{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.02,0:04:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.09,0:04:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,S\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.15,0:04:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ᴀ Sᴜ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.21,0:04:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,C\Nᴀᴛ Sᴜʙ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.28,0:04:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R | C 0\Nᴀᴛᴏ Sᴜʙʟ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.34,0:04:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + | C 00\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍ Sᴜʙʟɪ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.40,0:04:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.46,0:04:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.52,0:04:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.59,0:04:22.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 5 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.65,0:04:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.71,0:04:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56. | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.78,0:04:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.2 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.84,0:04:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.90,0:04:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.96,0:04:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.02,0:04:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂. Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.09,0:04:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ:\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.15,0:04:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.21,0:04:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.28,0:04:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.34,0:04:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.40,0:04:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ\N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.54,0:04:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.67,0:04:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\NCarbon is ubiquitous,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.15,0:04:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.29,0:04:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nit's one o' tho most-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.66,0:04:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nit's one o' tho most-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.51,0:04:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Ncommon elements in the universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.79,0:04:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Ncommon elements in the universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.36,0:04:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.52,0:04:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nand is very good at forming-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.53,0:04:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [He] 2s² 2p²\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nand is very good at forming-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.88,0:04:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [He] 2s² 2p²\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nlarge stable molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.35,0:04:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nlarge stable molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.82,0:04:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nlarge stable molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.54,0:04:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.57,0:04:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Period 2\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.83,0:04:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.08,0:04:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\NCarbon has the rare ability-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.64,0:04:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | P-block\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nto form four way bounds-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.89,0:04:40.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nto form four way bounds-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.35,0:04:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | Group 14\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nwith other elements...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.65,0:04:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [HE] 2s² 2p²\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nwith other elements...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.53,0:04:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [HE] 2s² 2p²\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.75,0:04:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | [HE] 2s² 2p²\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nand to bind to itself-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.43,0:04:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nand to bind to itself-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.91,0:04:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nin long stable chains...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.98,0:04:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,R + 7: 9: 56.25 | C 006\Nᴀᴛᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ: ₁₂.₀₁₁ Sᴜʙʟɪᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ: ³⁹¹⁵ ᴷ \N{\i1}Carbon{\i0} ⁴ᵗʰ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵃᵇᵘⁿᵈᵃⁿᵗ ᵉˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ\Nin long stable chains...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.16,0:04:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enabling the formation...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.52,0:04:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of huge complex molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.20,0:04:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This versatility makes carbon the center piece
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.09,0:05:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the moleculary machinery of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.26,0:05:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the same carbon compounds
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.17,0:05:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we use have been-
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.35,0:05:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found far from Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.70,0:05:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clinging to meteorites
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.85,0:05:10.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}G{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.97,0:05:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Gl{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.04,0:05:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Gly{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.10,0:05:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Glyc{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.22,0:05:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Glyci{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.29,0:05:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Glycin{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.35,0:05:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Glycine{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.15,0:05:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Glycine{\b0}\Nto floating in far off clouds...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.59,0:05:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Glycine{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.65,0:05:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Glycine{\b0}\Nof cosmic dust.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.40,0:05:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Glycine{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.48,0:05:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Glycine{\b0}\NThe building blocks of life...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.18,0:05:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drifting like snow through the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.87,0:05:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if alien life has selected other-
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.55,0:05:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon compounds for the biochemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.63,0:05:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will have plenty to choose from.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.45,0:05:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Z DNA | B DNA
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.96,0:05:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists recently identified
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.82,0:05:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a million possible-
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.75,0:05:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alternatives to DNA...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.46,0:05:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all carbon based.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.68,0:05:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we ever discover-
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.88,0:06:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other carbon based life forms,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.54,0:06:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be fundamentally related.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.69,0:06:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will be our cosmic brother.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.22,0:06:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But would they look anything like us?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.68,0:06:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they hail from Earth like planets,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.63,0:06:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could share even more in common,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.92,0:06:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than just our biochemistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.69,0:06:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would life be like-
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.16,0:06:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on another planets,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.19,0:06:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it is evolved?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.47,0:06:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would it be like,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.65,0:06:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world today here on Earth?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.39,0:06:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or would be completely different?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.41,0:06:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are those,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.23,0:06:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who argue that...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.21,0:06:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the argument of convergent evolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.71,0:06:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if conditions on other planets are similar to here,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.58,0:06:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we will see very similar life forms...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.47,0:06:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animal and plant-like organisms,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.92,0:06:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that look very familiar.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.05,0:07:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.82,0:07:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certain features like eyesight,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.19,0:07:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,echo-location and flight
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.79,0:07:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have evolved multiple times,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.66,0:07:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independently...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.60,0:07:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in different species.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.65,0:07:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This process of convergent evolution...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.29,0:07:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could extend to alien planets like Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.89,0:07:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where creatures share similar environmental pressures.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.41,0:07:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's no guarantee,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.22,0:07:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there could be certain
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.69,0:07:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,universalities of life...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.18,0:07:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the greatest hits of evolution...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.97,0:07:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on repeat across the Universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.72,0:07:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each feature would be a tune
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.45,0:08:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to its local environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.81,0:08:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dimly lit planets...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.17,0:08:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would produce huge eyes to suck in extra light,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.98,0:08:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like nocturnal mammals.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.09,0:08:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people have gone-
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.10,0:08:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so far as to say-
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.55,0:08:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that human type organism,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.51,0:08:19.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,humanoids,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.23,0:08:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will occur on other planets.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.89,0:08:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The existence of other-
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.08,0:08:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human-like organisms...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.55,0:08:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems unlikely,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.02,0:08:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given the long...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.80,0:08:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convoluted chain of events-
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.72,0:08:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that produced us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.02,0:08:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we can't rule it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.71,0:08:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If just one in every-
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.90,0:08:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100 trillion Earth-like planets produced-
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.80,0:08:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a human-like form...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.42,0:08:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there could still be...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.28,0:08:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands of creatures like us out there...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.42,0:09:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But in reality, we are more likely to find\Nsomething lower on the food chain."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.05,0:09:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Convergent evolution-
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.33,0:09:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is also rampant in plant life...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.88,0:09:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and C4 photosynthesis-
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.82,0:09:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has arisen independently...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.48,0:09:19.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 40 times...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.48,0:09:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would alien plants look like ours...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.61,0:09:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or something else entirely?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.70,0:09:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.57,0:09:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plants appear green
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.95,0:09:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they absorb
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.57,0:09:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other wavelenghts
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.87,0:09:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Sun's light spectrum.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.43,0:09:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But stars come in many colors..
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.43,0:09:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and alien plants would evolve-
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.88,0:09:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different pigments...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.92,0:09:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to adapt to their sun's unique spectrum
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.43,0:10:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plants feeding off hotter stars\Ncould appear redder,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.28,0:10:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by absorbing their energy rich bluer light.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.76,0:10:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around dim Red Dwarfs stars, \Nvegetation could appear black,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.07,0:10:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adapted to absorb all visible\Nwavelengths of light.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.06,0:10:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth itself may have once \Nappeared purple,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.10,0:10:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due a pigment called retinal, that was \Nan early precursor to chlorophyll.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.02,0:10:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some think that retinal's molecular simplicity
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.19,0:11:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could make it a more universal pigment.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.07,0:11:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If so, we may find that purple,\Nis life's favorite color.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.82,0:11:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the color of alien vegetation\Nis more than just a curiosity,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.70,0:11:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's chemical information that could\Nbe seen from light years away.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.50,0:11:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth plants leave a signature bump \Nin the light reflected off our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.31,0:11:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finding a similar signal from another \Nworld could point the way
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.65,0:11:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to alien vegetation.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.38,0:11:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps this will be our first glimpse at alien life;
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.96,0:11:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a vibrant hue, cast by a distinct world.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.00,0:12:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the biggest influence on life won't be it's host star; it will be it's home planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.72,0:12:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens, when you change the day - length of a planet?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.50,0:12:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens when you change the tilt of a planet?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.54,0:12:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens when you change the shape of the orbit?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.96,0:12:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens when you change the gravity of a planet?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.50,0:12:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Planets with long, elliptical orbits would see drastic seasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.30,0:12:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There could be worlds that appear dead for thousands of years,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.53,0:12:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then suddenly spring to life.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.58,0:13:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the rocky planets discovered so far have been massive "Super Earths".
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.24,0:13:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}GJ 357 D{\b0}\N{\i1}Super Earth{\i0}\NDistance: ~ 31 Light Years \NMass: ~ 7× Earth \NTemperature: ~ -53°C
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.57,0:13:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How would life evolve on these worlds?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.58,0:13:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the seas, gravity may not matter much at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.59,0:13:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A high - gravity planet isn't high - gravity all over.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.68,0:13:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're in the sea, that's where all life starts, there's very nearly no gravity,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.66,0:13:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause you're much the density as the stuff around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.45,0:13:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when the animals come out on land, that they feel the gravity.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.63,0:13:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,High G - forces [vaguely, gravitational forces] would necessitate
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.63,0:13:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,large bones and muscle mass in complex life on land.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.75,0:14:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would also demand a more robust circulatory system.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.96,0:14:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And plant life could be stunted by the energy cost of carrying nutrients under stronger gravity.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.32,0:14:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Low - gravity planets would more easily lose their atmospheres to space;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.84,0:14:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lack a magnetic field to protect from cosmic rays.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.82,0:14:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But smaller worlds could be home to secret oases;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.25,0:14:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,huge cave systems that provide hide-outs for life.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.75,0:15:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With steadier temperatures and protection from cosmic rays, life could thrive underground on planets with deadly surfaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.73,0:15:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The smallest possible habitable planets are estimated at 2.5% Earth's mass.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.04,0:15:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If surface life does evolve on these worlds,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.82,0:15:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could be a sight to behold.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.58,0:15:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plant life could grow to towering heights,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.48,0:15:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to carry nutrients higher, at lesser gravity.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.19,0:16:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And without the need for bulky skeletons and muscle mass,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.90,0:16:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animals could have body types, that boggle the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.29,0:16:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Despite our eager imagination, large complex lifeforms \Nare probably a cosmic rarity."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.63,0:16:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here on Earth, it took three\Nbillion years for evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.92,0:16:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce complex plant and animal life.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.72,0:16:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simple organisms are hardier, \Nmore adaptable
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.99,0:16:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more widespread.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.38,0:16:51.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The largest collection in the\Nmuseum of alien life
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.39,0:16:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would likely be the {\i1}Hall of Microbes{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.31,0:17:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet finding even the tiniest alien microbe\Nwould be a profound discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.74,0:17:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And bite-sized life could leave\Na big footprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.89,0:17:39.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like stromatolites on Earth, layers of\Nmicrobes could build up into huge
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.100,0:17:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rock mounds over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.64,0:17:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leaving behind eery structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.78,0:17:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in big enough numbers \Nsome alien
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.20,0:17:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bacteria could leave a \Ndistinct biosignature,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.96,0:17:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by exhaling gases that wouldn't \Ncoexist naturally:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.45,0:18:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like oxygen and methane.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.41,0:18:08.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's ways to make oxygen without life.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.100,0:18:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's ways to make methane without life.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.07,0:18:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to have them in the atmosphere together?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.21,0:18:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is almost impossible unless you've got \Nbiology making those gases at the surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.88,0:18:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it would have a imprint on\Nthe planet's spectrum of colors.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.94,0:18:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next generation space telescopes\Ncould find a signal like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.57,0:18:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a world not far from home.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.27,0:18:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The closest Sun-like star with an\NEarth-like exoplanet in the
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.58,0:18:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,habitable zone is probably only\N20 light years away
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.49,0:18:42.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can be seen with a naked eye.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.30,0:18:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}But there may be an even easier target to aim for than tiny Earth-like planets.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.80,0:19:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}The Brown Dwarfs: too small to \Nbe stars, to big to be planets.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.39,0:19:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most Brown Dwarfs are too hot\Nto support life as we know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.14,0:19:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But some are just cold enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.98,0:19:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}WISE 0855-0714{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.76,0:19:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}WISE 0855-0714{\b0}\N{\b1}Sub-Brown Dwarf{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.01,0:19:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}WISE 0855-0714{\b0}\N{\b1}Sub-Brown Dwarf{\b0}\N{\b1}Distance: 7 Light Years{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.27,0:19:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}WISE 0855-0714{\b0}\N{\b1}Sub-Brown Dwarf{\b0}\N{\b1}Distance: 7 Light Years{\b0}\N{\b1}Mass: 3.10x Jupiter{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.52,0:19:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}WISE 0855-0714{\b0}\N{\b1}Sub-Brown Dwarf{\b0}\N{\b1}Distance: 7 Light Years{\b0}\N{\b1}Mass: 3.10x Jupiter{\b0}\N{\b1}Temperature: -50 - -13ºC{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.46,0:19:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the prime elements for life have\Nbeen detected inside their atmospheres.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.59,0:19:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And within these clouds, some layers\Nwould provide ideal temperatures
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.76,0:19:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pressures for habitability.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.18,0:19:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There could be photosynthetic \Nplankton in these skies,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:50.09,0:19:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kept aloft by churning upwinds.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.60,0:20:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with enough force, these upwinds\Ncould even support larger,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.19,0:20:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more complex life.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.10,0:20:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Predadors.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.35,0:20:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}There are over 25 billion Brown \NDwarfs in our galaxy alone,{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.24,0:20:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}and their sizes will make them \Neasier targets for study.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.05,0:20:35.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}The first specimen we discover from the museum of life may not be from a planet at all.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.14,0:20:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This raises a crucial question:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.92,0:20:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if we've been looking in\Nall the wrong places?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.62,0:20:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if nature has other ideas?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.92,0:21:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT II{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.21,0:21:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT II{\b0}\NLIFE AS WE DON'T KNOW IT
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.49,0:21:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}EXHIBIT II{\b0}\NLIFE AS WE DON'T KNOW IT\NEXOTIC BIOCHEMISTRIES
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.17,0:21:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the Universe is too cold or too\Nhot for liquid water and the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.63,0:21:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biochemistry that supports \Nlife as we know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.51,0:21:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in case our biases are misleading,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.68,0:21:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to cast a wide net.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.91,0:21:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To search for life outside \Nthe habitable zone,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.27,0:21:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in places that seem wildly hostile to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.59,0:21:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exotic environments will demand\Nexotic biochemistries.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.65,0:21:56.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while no element can match \Ncarbon's versatility,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.12,0:21:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one contender is a front runner.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:07.71,0:22:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first glance, silicon seem \Nsimilar to carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.02,0:22:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It forms the same four-way bonds and is\Nalso abundant in the Universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.46,0:22:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a closer look reveals that these \Ntwo elements are false twins.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.39,0:22:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Silicon bonds are weaker and less prone\Nto forming large complex molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.42,0:22:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite this, they can withstand \Na wider range of temperatures,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.05,0:22:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opening up intriguing possibilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.38,0:22:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life based on the silicon atom \Ninstead of carbon,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.70,0:22:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be more resistant to \Nthe extreme cold.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.72,0:22:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Providing a whole new range of weird forms.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.49,0:23:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But silicon has a problem:
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.62,0:23:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the presence of oxygen, \Nit binds into solid rock.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.37,0:23:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To avoid turning to stone, silicon beings
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.34,0:23:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might be confined to oxygen free environments.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.60,0:23:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like Saturn's frigid moon, Titan.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:18.72,0:23:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TITAN{\b0}\N{\i1}Saturnian Moon{\i0}\N{\i1}Distance: 1,2 Million KM{\i0}\N{\i1}Mass: .023X Earth{\i0}\N{\i1}Temperature: -129ºC{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.05,0:23:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its vast lakes of liquid methane and\Nethane could be an ideal medium
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.09,0:23:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for silicon-based life,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.20,0:23:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or other radical biochemistries.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:37.43,0:23:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without ample sunlight, beings on worlds
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.91,0:23:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Titan, would likely be chemosynthetic.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.34,0:23:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deriving their energy by\Nbreaking down rocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:01.54,0:24:03.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such life forms could have ultra slow
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.77,0:24:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,metabolisms and life cycles \Nmeasured in millions of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.02,0:24:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}And frozen worlds aren't the only possible\Nharbor for exotic life.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.57,0:24:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CoRoT-7B{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.03,0:24:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CoRoT-7B{\b0}\N{\i1}Super Earth{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.38,0:24:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CoRoT-7B{\b0}\N{\i1}Super Earth{\i0}\N{\i1}Distance: ~520 Light Years{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.64,0:24:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CoRoT-7B{\b0}\N{\i1}Super Earth{\i0}\N{\i1}Distance: ~520 Light Years{\i0}\N{\i1}Mass: -8x Earth{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.89,0:24:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CoRoT-7B{\b0}\N{\i1}Super Earth{\i0}\N{\i1}Distance: ~520 Light Years{\i0}\N{\i1}Mass: -8x Earth{\i0}\N{\i1}Temperature: 1026-1526ºC{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.96,0:24:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In high temperatures, typically rigid\Nsilicon oxygen bonds become more
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.28,0:24:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flexible and reactive.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.00,0:24:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Triggering more dynamic chemistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.08,0:24:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has led to a truly bizarre proposal:
Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.70,0:24:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,silicon-based life forms that live\Ninside molten silicate rock.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.09,0:25:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In theory, these forms could even exist
Dialogue: 0,0:25:03.42,0:25:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deep beneath the Earth inside \Nmagma chambers
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.31,0:25:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as part of a shadow biosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.47,0:25:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If so, then the aliens are right\Nunder our noses.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.80,0:25:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other shadow biospheres have \Nbeen proposed:
Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.57,0:25:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forms of life living alongside us\Nthat we don't even know are here.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:27.53,0:25:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Including tiny RNA-based life, small
Dialogue: 0,0:25:30.42,0:25:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enough to go undetected by \Nexisting instruments.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.82,0:25:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clouds of dust and empty space might \Nseem like the last place you'd expect
Dialogue: 0,0:25:50.80,0:25:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find anything living.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.40,0:25:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when cosmic dust makes\Ncontact with plasma,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.57,0:25:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a type of ionized gas,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.49,0:26:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something strange happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:05.77,0:26:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In simulated conditions, dust particles,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.34,0:26:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been seen spontaneously \Nself-organizing
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.10,0:26:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into helical structures that resemble DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.85,0:26:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These plasma crystals even begin\Nto exhibit life-like behavior:
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.73,0:26:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,replicating, evolving into more stable\Nforms and passing on information.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.72,0:26:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Could these crystals be considered alive?{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.56,0:26:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}To some researchers, they meet all the criteria\Nto qualify as inorganic life forms.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.47,0:26:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}So far, we have only ever seen them in computer simulations.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.44,0:27:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}But some speculate we could find them\Namong the ice particles in the rings of Uranus.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.27,0:27:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plasma is the most common state \Nof matter in the Universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.67,0:27:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If complex evolving plasma \Ncrystals really exist
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.25,0:27:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if they can be considered life,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.38,0:27:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could be its most common form.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.50,0:27:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}Or perhaps life is lurking in the \Npolar opposite environment:{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:27:43.04,0:27:46.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}inside the hearts of dead stars.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:27:51.40,0:27:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When massive suns explode, some collapase into
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.32,0:27:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ultra dense cores called neutron stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.04,0:27:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}PSR B1509-58{\b0}\N{\i1}Neutron Star{\i0}\N{\i1}Distante: 17,000 Light Years{\i0}\N{\i1}Spin Rate: ~7/second{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:27:58.17,0:28:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hulking masses of atomic nuclei \Ncrammed together like sardines.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.56,0:28:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conditions on the surface are mind-boggling:
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.92,0:28:12.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gravity is a hundred billion times \Nstronger than Earth's.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:15.72,0:28:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But beneath their iron nuclei \Ncrust lies something strange:
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.47,0:28:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a hot dense sea of neutrons\Nand subatomic particles.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.55,0:28:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stripped of their electron shells, these
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.83,0:28:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nuclei would obey entirely \Ndifferent laws of chemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.49,0:28:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based not on the electromagnetic force,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.99,0:28:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the strong nuclear force,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.23,0:28:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which binds nuclei together.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:49.72,0:28:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In theory, these particles could link-up
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.13,0:28:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form larger macronuclei, \Nwhich could then
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.41,0:28:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,combine into even bigger super nuclei.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.70,0:29:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If so, then this bewildering environment
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.66,0:29:11.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would mimic the basic conditions for life.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.48,0:29:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heavy nucleon molecules floating \Nin a complex particle ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.73,0:29:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some scientists have proposed \Nthe unimaginable:
Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.53,0:29:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exotic life forms drifting through \Nthe strange particle sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.14,0:29:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living, evolving and dying on \Nincomprehensibly fast time scales.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:55.94,0:30:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}There's probably no chance of ever detecting\Nsuch a strange breed of life.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.57,0:30:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}But there may be hope for finding \Nan even more exotic form.{\b0}
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.44,0:30:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life is not something that has to evolve naturally.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:26.29,0:30:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can be designed.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.57,0:30:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once intelligence is introduced into the evolutionary process,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.23,0:30:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Pandora's Box is opened.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:06.01,0:31:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Free from typical biological limitations, synthetic and machine - based life could be the most successful of all.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:16.55,0:31:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could thrive almost anywhere, including the vaccum of space,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.81,0:31:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opening up vast frontiers unavailable to biological organisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.78,0:31:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And compared to the glacial pace of natural selection, technical evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.93,0:31:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allows exponentially faster growth, adaptability and resilience.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:56.24,0:32:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By some estimates, autonomous, self - replicating machines could colonize
Dialogue: 0,0:32:00.38,0:32:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an entire galaxy in as little as a million years.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.88,0:32:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't predict how hyper - intelligent life would organise itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.51,0:32:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in theory, there could be convergent evolution at play.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:32.25,0:32:37.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The electrical properties of Silicon might make it a universal basis for machine intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.70,0:32:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a redemption for its biological shortcomings.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:03.04,0:33:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With all its potential advantages,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:04.78,0:33:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With all its potential advantages, machine life may even be a universal endpoint :
Dialogue: 0,0:33:10.02,0:33:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With all its potential advantages, machine life may even be a universal endpoint: the apex of evolutionary process.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.41,0:33:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the universe ages, perhaps machine intelligence would come to dominate,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.73,0:34:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and naturally occurring biological life will be viewed as a quaint starting point.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:09.66,0:34:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps, we ourselves will lead this transition,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:12.97,0:34:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the great human experiment would be merely a first link in a sprawling intergalactic chain of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:51.22,0:35:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the end, we are still the only beings we know of in the museum of alien life.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:07.48,0:35:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To truly know ourselves, we will have to know :
Dialogue: 0,0:35:10.49,0:35:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To truly know ourselves, we will have to know: are we the only ones?
Dialogue: 0,0:35:27.48,0:35:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Loren Eisley has said, that one does not meet oneself until
Dialogue: 0,0:35:32.23,0:35:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one catches the reflection from an eye other than human.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.75,0:35:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One day that eye may be that of an intelligent alien.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:45.72,0:35:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the sooner we eschew our narrow view of evolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:52.28,0:35:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sooner we can truly explore our ultimate origins and destinations.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:04.47,0:36:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have seen what could be out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:10.49,0:36:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we know how we might find it.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:15.94,0:36:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is only one thing left to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:22.20,0:36:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Go looking.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:34.51,0:36:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}HANDCRAFTED BY MELODYSHEEP{\b0}