WEBVTT

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Do you know why I'm standing here 
in front of you all?

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Neediness.

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It's true.

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Every writer is needy
because every writer is lonely.

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He sits in front of a blank page,
trying to come up with a sentence.

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Deep down, there is a void.

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He enters a crowded auditorium like this
and sees people applaud him,

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he wants to keep standing
hoping they'll continue to clap.

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No one applauds a book.
Have you ever seen that?

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You get a book, you like it, love it,
put it on the table and start to clap.

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No one does that.

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When I was in high school,
I had a friend named João.

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He had to take a vocational test

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and the psychologist asked him,
"What do you want to be?"

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He asked, "Which career
gets the most applause?"

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She replied, "Clown."
He said, "I want to do that."

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And today he's a great clown.
He's found his success.

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But I don't know if they told you
that our topic is the opposite.

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Our topic is "failure."

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Do you know the difference
between failure and defeat?

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Let's not confuse them, OK?

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Defeat is when you go out
at night to a party

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and a girl rejects you.
It's a huge blow.

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You go back home, frustrated.

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Failure is much worse.
Failure depends on a project.

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You spend time on it,

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and afterward you try
to achieve it and you can't.

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Failure is very lonely.

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Failure shows you a blank screen
when you expect it to show something more.

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"Failure has no friends."
This quote is from former president JFK.

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When he said "failure has no friends,"
he wanted to say exactly what I just said,

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that failure is full of loneliness,
which is the opposite of success.

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Let's observe this.

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When one of our projects is successful,

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the success belongs to everyone
who took part in it,

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but when you fail,
the failure is only yours.

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Failure has no friends.
Failure is also lonely.

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Success should be shared with everyone.

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We should accept failure
because failure is only ours.

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I've had many during my life.
I have them every day.

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I failed in almost all my projects.

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But I go from one failure to another
with great enthusiasm.

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I fail willingly, I fail with strength.

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I go back and fail again,
I'm very stubborn.

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Then I return to the blank screen.

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This guy changes our concept
of failure, don't you think?

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Because it would be 
really easy if I could ask you,

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"What have I learned from failure?"

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That's the question of this lecture.
What did you learn from failure?

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Is it possible to learn 
something from failure?

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This man... where is he?

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Behind here? There? I don't see him.

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This man changes our notion of failure.

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Have you ever seen
someone fail on Facebook?

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There's no way.

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Everyone is successful 
on Facebook. It's amazing.

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Everyone seems like the King of England.

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Everyone is partying,
everyone has yachts, cars...

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although some of those cars
have been stolen by politicians.

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Everyone is always happy on Facebook,
no one has failures on social media.

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I've never seen anyone 
post a photo at the dentist.

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"A 'selfie' of my 4th cavity."
Have you ever seen that?

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No one posts a selfie
at the dentist on Facebook.

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There is no standing ovation.

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There is no applause
because everyone is being applauded.

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Facebook changed that notion
and gives us the illusion

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that everyone is successful.

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No one posts their failures.
No one shares them on social media.

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That's what we need to start doing.

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Life is not how our beloved
Mark Zuckerberg presents it to us,

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because, unfortunately,
failures are a real part of life.

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It's a neurological matter.
"Sadness has no end. Happiness does."

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You've heard this saying.

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This saying means that failures
are far more important to us than success.

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Can we learn from our failures?

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I don't know. Self-help gurus think so.
Paulo Coelho would get excited over this.

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He'd say: "No, the universe
conspires in your favor.

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You will learn and be successful,

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and from failure to failure,
you will find success."

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I don't know, I really don't know,
and I won't mislead you.

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Do you see that person marked with red?

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That's me.

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It doesn't look like me,
but that's me in high school.

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Do you know who that guy is,
in the middle, holding champagne?

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My friend João who became a clown.

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The end-of-year party, end of high school,
and he's holding champagne.

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I look at this photo and wonder:

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I think the first step towards failure
is to have many expectations,

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to think like João, although he made it,

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that, ultimately, people will applaud you
and give you a standing ovation.

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João had another dream.

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He said: "My goal is not only
to be applauded,

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they have to clap for at least 30 seconds,

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because if it's less than that
it's not applause, it's just clapping.

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So I want to be a clown
who will be applauded."

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That's a huge problem.

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The beginning of failure is anxiety,
and failure is full of anxiety.

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We always project
what we want as a reward

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and if you start a project
wanting the reward,

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you're starting wrong.

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The only right way to start

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is to know that true applause,
standing ovation,

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is in the journey, not at the end of it.

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There is no paved road;
walking creates the road, my friends.

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It's not the goal you must pursue,
it's the journey towards the goal

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where my friend João finds applause.

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Here you see almost all the books
I wrote in my life.

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All of them were huge failures.

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I never won the Jabuti Prize.
I was a finalist twice, but I never won.

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I never deserved critical acclaim.

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That red book in the corner
is a book about breakups,

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about my love failures.

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It's called, "A kiss on the forehead
is worse than a breakup."

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Isn't that right? Can you imagine it?

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Your husband kisses you
on the forehead, "Bye, love,"...

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Forget it, he's seeing someone else.

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(Laughter)

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No one leaves and gives a kiss
on the forehead, right?

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I wrote books about journalism,
I wrote three novels,

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I wrote a biography.

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None of them were successful.

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You probably didn't even know
I was a writer.

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I guess none of you here
have read any of my books.

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Who reads in Brazil?

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Being a writer is a lonely job,

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which brings us back to our
beloved John Kennedy.

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"Failure has no friends."
We live in solitude.

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Although I think Kennedy 
had many friends, did he not?

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That's OK... but then maybe not.
It was a tragic death.

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A tragic death of a man 
who served his country.

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But do you know what I remember 
most about Kennedy?

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Not me, my clown friend João.

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Do you know what he'd tell me?

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"Look, Felipe,

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what I remember most
about John Kennedy is Marilyn Monroe."

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Do you remember that scene,
"Happy birthday, Mr. President?"

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Do you remember that scene?

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It's a scene where she sings
"Happy birthday to you" to the president.

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Do you know why João liked that scene?

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He would say: "Think about it, Felipe.

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Happy birthday to you!
People are already clapping.

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No one needs to get up
because everyone is already standing.

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That's what I want in life.

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I want to be a clown so Marilyn Monroe
can sing 'Happy Birthday' to me."

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Again, the same mistake.

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We want the reward before the journey,
but the journey brings the reward.

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Here you can see a photo of me,
somewhat happy, I think you can tell,

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with children from the Alemão favela
in Rio de Janeiro.

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Those children were at the launch
of a book I wrote for them in 2012.

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The launch was at the National Library.

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Those children had never visited a palace
as big as the National Library.

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I wrote a book whose proceeds

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went to a mobile library
in the Alemão favela,

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so that the kids could read.

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But the book was a big flop,

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and we couldn't raise
the money to build it.

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But that photo is there.

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There is a lesson from the failure:

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even in the worst of failures,
there are moments of success.

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That was my moment of success.

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That photo with the children,
that happiness,

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is something I'll take 
with me forever and never forget.

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And every time I go up the Alemão favela
and read to the children,

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I see those same smiles,
and it's gratifying,

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despite my failure 
and the failure of our project,

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of the book that couldn't build 
the mobile library for them.

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There are moments of success
in the worst of failures.

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What you see here is a documentary 
I released last year.

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It's called "If this town weren't mine."

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It's a documentary about 
a community, Vila Autódromo,

NOTE Paragraph

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located next to an Olympic Park 
in Rio de Janeiro.

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We all celebrate the Olympics in Rio,
but forget about the thousands of people

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who are being evacuated 
from their homes in the city

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because of the Olympics.

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This community, located right next 
to the park, had 583 families.

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They were evicted
so the Olympics could take place.

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Is that success?

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Does the failure of the people 
who are leaving the place

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where they've lived for 40 years,

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since they're being evicted by the mayor,

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cause success in the games
for millions of people,

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billions of people
who'll be watching around the world?

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Is there no other alternative?

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Couldn't there be a social legacy
to leave all those people there?

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I made this film, directed it, funded it,
summoned three friends to help me

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- director of photography, sound, editing.

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We showed the film in China,
the film was in festivals in Europe,

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it won a festival in Beijing,
but it wasn't shown anywhere in Brazil.

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It was a huge failure.

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We couldn't mobilize the society,
and those people are about to be evicted.

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Of the 583 families,
530 have already left.

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The government and the mayor 
destroy part of Rio's poor population,

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while the country and the world 
celebrate the Olympics.

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Is that success or failure?

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These are the people, and I failed them.
They are the residents of Vila Autódromo.

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They are the people in the film
"If this town weren't mine."

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I look at each one of them,
I look at their families,

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and I look in the mirror and think,
"Felipe Pena, you're a failure.

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You couldn't help those people
with your film."

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Even though it was shown
throughout the whole world,

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those people continue to suffer 
the same problem.

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Those people continue to live
under the same dictatorship

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of the government of Rio de Janeiro
that evicted them for the Olympics.

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If you were an Olympic athlete,
do you think it would be worth it?

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Is having a medal on your chest

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worth the cost of the suffering of others,
like you're seeing here?

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I always ask myself the same question.

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That person you see there

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was a director of the 4th largest
TV station in the country.

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That's me, although it doesn't look it.

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Of course, I failed 
as a director at TV Globo.

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Do you know how long
I worked there? Five months.

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Five months, just like
the Minister of Education, I remember,

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"a country of education."

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Minister Janine was only
five months in office.

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Where did we go wrong, Minister? Tell me.

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I know: I think we went wrong in politics,

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because now that we have
a government tainted by corruption,

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we believe that politics 
is worthless, but it isn't!

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If you can't find someone worth your vote,
you should run for office yourself.

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Politics isn't just about voting.
Politics isn't just about Brasília.

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Politics means talking to people.

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In my role as director of content analysis

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I should have talked to the screenwriters
at TV Globo about their mistakes.

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But I did that
in highly technical reports.

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I did my post-doctorate at Sorbonne.

00:12:34.872 --> 00:12:37.510
I thought I had the technical 
knowledge to do this,

00:12:37.510 --> 00:12:40.765
but I had to do more,
I had to talk and I didn't,

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and because of that
I left after five months.

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We were easily overthrown,
the Minister and I.

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It's easy to be overthrown
when you can't do politics.

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Doing politics is necessary.
Success and failure depend on it.

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I was also a screenwriter 
for TV Globo for three years.

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I submitted scripts for evening dramas.

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I submitted 10 proposals for TV series.
Do you know how many of them were aired?

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Zero.

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None of them were aired.

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But here's another lesson in failure.
Every failure serves a purpose.

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Mine served to write this book
that you see here.

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It includes scripts,
the script for an evening drama,

00:13:19.710 --> 00:13:23.111
a horror series, and a police series.

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My students can learn from this
and understand where I went wrong,

00:13:27.394 --> 00:13:32.649
because in the margin of each script
are comments from people who criticized me


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and why the scripts didn't go on air.

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Students can learn from my mistakes.

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My failures in TV are open to anyone
who wants to be a screenwriter,

00:13:42.166 --> 00:13:45.040
or wants to work for a TV station.

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Finally, there's this photo here.

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This is a photo of the residents
of Vila Autódromo

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watching the film in the community church,

00:13:53.200 --> 00:13:57.420
along with international reporters
who I had invited,

NOTE Paragraph

00:13:57.420 --> 00:14:00.017
so they could see the hardships
in the community.

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Today, a few international media outlets
have spoken about the community.

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And now, one last thought for you.

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I don't know if you've heard of
the "story of the elbows",

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but I believe it explains the difference
between success and failure.

00:14:16.101 --> 00:14:19.361
This is the story of the elbows:

00:14:19.361 --> 00:14:23.190
There was a journalist
who wanted to know heaven and hell.

00:14:23.190 --> 00:14:24.919
So first, he went to hell.

00:14:24.919 --> 00:14:29.359
He asked the devil's press officer,
"Can I see what hell is like?"

00:14:29.359 --> 00:14:31.367
He said, "Come, my child. You can enter."

00:14:31.367 --> 00:14:35.043
He entered through
a gate of fire, turned right,

00:14:35.043 --> 00:14:37.353
and looked at the people
in the middle of hell.

00:14:37.353 --> 00:14:43.722
He noticed that everyone was happy,
everyone just laughing, no one working.

00:14:43.722 --> 00:14:45.923
It was wonderful in hell.

00:14:45.923 --> 00:14:49.005
But he looked more closely
at those happy people,

00:14:49.005 --> 00:14:54.255
laughing, having fun,
and noticed they had inverted elbows.

00:14:54.255 --> 00:15:00.157
Because of this, they ended up starving
since they couldn't feed themselves.

00:15:00.157 --> 00:15:01.740
So, he ran away from there.

00:15:01.740 --> 00:15:04.283
"I don't want to stay here!
I don't want to starve!"

00:15:04.283 --> 00:15:08.256
He called Saint Peter and said:
"Can I come? I want to see heaven."

00:15:08.256 --> 00:15:11.427
He left, went up, entered a gate
of clouds to the right,

00:15:11.427 --> 00:15:12.767
and entered heaven.

00:15:12.767 --> 00:15:16.378
When he arrived at heaven,
he noticed the same type of people.

00:15:16.378 --> 00:15:18.399
Everyone was also happy,

00:15:18.399 --> 00:15:23.534
no one working, everyone just having fun,
laughing and telling jokes.

00:15:23.534 --> 00:15:26.359
What is he going to do?
Look at their elbows, right?


00:15:26.359 --> 00:15:32.619
He looked at their elbows and noticed
that they were also inverted.

00:15:32.619 --> 00:15:36.775
The only difference is that, in heaven,
the people weren't starving

00:15:36.775 --> 00:15:40.998
because each person feeds the other.

00:15:40.998 --> 00:15:44.385
This is what the residents
of Vila Autódromo have learned,

00:15:44.385 --> 00:15:48.725
that together they are strong,
and that solidarity is the only solution.

00:15:48.725 --> 00:15:52.954
Today 57 families persevere
with inverted elbows,

00:15:52.954 --> 00:15:56.052
placing food in the mouths of one another,

00:15:56.052 --> 00:15:59.939
and myself along with them,
emulating that example of solidarity.

00:15:59.939 --> 00:16:02.539
I failed with the movie,
failed with books,

NOTE Paragraph

00:16:02.539 --> 00:16:05.099
failed in the cinema, failed at TV Globo.

00:16:05.099 --> 00:16:07.915
I can fail with them,
but we will fail together.

00:16:07.915 --> 00:16:13.747
There is only failure in division;
in solidarity, failure becomes success,

00:16:13.747 --> 00:16:15.311
even if you fail.

00:16:15.311 --> 00:16:18.801
So, I want you all to work together,

00:16:18.801 --> 00:16:23.390
to join your inverted elbows
and get a standing ovation

00:16:23.390 --> 00:16:27.513
for 10 minutes, for 10 seconds,
for as long as you live,

00:16:27.513 --> 00:16:31.759
as long as your lives are dedicated
to moments of solidarity.

00:16:31.759 --> 00:16:33.092
Thank you very much.

00:16:33.092 --> 00:16:35.662
(Applause)

00:17:07.339 --> 00:17:09.256
Thirty seconds. You made my day.

00:17:09.256 --> 00:17:10.830
(Laughter)