[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.12,0:00:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle instrumental music)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.13,0:00:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Female Narrator] To many foreign\Nvisitors, Japan's streets seem
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.47,0:00:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surprisingly free of litter.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.04,0:00:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People separate rubbish
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.38,0:00:31.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into different categories for disposal.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.07,0:00:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a comprehensive\Nrecycling system.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.90,0:00:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Japan is a very waste-conscious nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.10,0:00:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle music)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.73,0:00:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Waste was once a serious problem
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.26,0:00:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but much progress has\Nbeen made since then.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.91,0:00:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This time on Japanology Plus
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.27,0:00:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our theme is waste and recycling.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.24,0:00:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We look at Japan's\Nunique recycling culture
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.16,0:00:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Japanese\Ncharacteristics it reveals.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.84,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.55,0:01:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Hello, and welcome to Japanology Plus.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.21,0:01:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Peter Barakan.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.94,0:01:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I'm in a place called Hino
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.46,0:01:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is one of the\NWestern suburbs of Tokyo.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.28,0:01:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this building behind me here
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.80,0:01:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a waste disposal facility.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.18,0:01:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rubbish collected from homes\Nis brought here to the center
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.14,0:01:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it's separated into a\Nnumber of different categories.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.20,0:01:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll see plastic bottles\Nbehind me here.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.91,0:01:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That makes it easier to recycle
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.46,0:01:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reduce the amount that\Nactually goes to waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.28,0:01:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an issue that's\Ntaken seriously in Japan,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.20,0:01:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and today, we're going to be looking
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.49,0:01:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the theme of waste and recycling.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.66,0:01:45.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] In Japan,\Ndividing rubbish is the rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.49,0:01:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The aim is to turn \Nrefuse into resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.64,0:01:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bins outside shops are used
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.29,0:01:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dump designated types of rubbish.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.78,0:01:55.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, there are\Nthree different bins.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.51,0:01:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.34,0:02:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More and more shoppers\Nuse reusable shopping bags,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.30,0:02:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,avoiding the need for disposable ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.96,0:02:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.43,0:02:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And clean streets are a\Nhallmark of life in Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.95,0:02:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- So no one throws \Nanything on the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.73,0:02:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though there are\Nno trash cans around.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.91,0:02:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- So I think one of the\Nthings is you actually have
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.04,0:02:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to break down each part of\Nthe bottle, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.06,0:02:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the states you normally\Njust put the whole bottle
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.43,0:02:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in recycling.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.65,0:02:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you don't worry about\Nthe label or the cap.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.49,0:02:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- It's difficult to find some\Ntrash cans on the streets,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.42,0:02:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but anyway, the streets\Nare kept very clean.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.83,0:02:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just carry it with me or\Nput it in my bag or in pockets
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.22,0:02:40.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when I get home\Nmy pockets are full
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.47,0:02:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of papers and stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.08,0:02:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I mean that's much better
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.33,0:02:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than having trash on the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.25,0:02:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(speaks foreign language)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.91,0:02:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- And today I'm going to be talking
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.23,0:02:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to professor Junya Matsunami
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.84,0:02:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who specializes in issues related
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.64,0:03:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to waste management and recycling.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.32,0:03:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much for being\Nwith us on the program today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.14,0:03:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I'm very glad to be here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.76,0:03:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.81,0:03:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [ Narrator] Professor Junya Matsunami
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.16,0:03:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaches environmental economics.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.14,0:03:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.20,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For many years he has\Nbeen at the forefront
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of official efforts to\Nreduce waste in Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.27,0:03:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He believes that tackling\Nwaste can boost the economy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.67,0:03:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and improve society.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.60,0:03:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I remember when I first\Ncame to Japan being astonished
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.22,0:03:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at how clean everything is,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.67,0:03:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just when you're \Nwalking along the road
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.27,0:03:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or inside trains or wherever it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.19,0:03:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think it is
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.45,0:03:40.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes the Japanese so fastidious?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.17,0:03:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- The Japanese have always been fond
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.54,0:03:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of tidiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.83,0:03:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And since around the \Nyear 2000, the concept
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.67,0:03:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a recycling-oriented\Nsociety has taken hold.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.01,0:03:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People have become \Nmore conscious of waste
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.36,0:03:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're especially eager\Nto recycle, carefully sorting
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.98,0:03:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cleaning their recyclables.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.57,0:04:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Japanese culture\Npeople are very conscious
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.34,0:04:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how they're perceived by others.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.66,0:04:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because many people around\Nthem are recycling individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.10,0:04:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feel compelled to do the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.32,0:04:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Japanese have always been tidy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.45,0:04:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I feel that these days there is
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.03,0:04:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even less waste than before.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.87,0:04:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] By the mid\N19th century, the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.77,0:04:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of making the most of\Nwhat was available was
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.36,0:04:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,already woven into the culture
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.19,0:04:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this resourceful island nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.71,0:04:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(instrumental music)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.99,0:04:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In those days, umbrellas\Nwere made of wood and paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.02,0:04:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Broken ones were not thrown away
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.82,0:04:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but would be taken again and\Nagain to an umbrella repairman,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.58,0:04:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the many\Nlocal repairs specialists.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.18,0:04:45.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle instrumental music)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.64,0:04:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For wrapping and carrying parcels
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.28,0:04:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people used cloths called furoshiki.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.55,0:04:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These patterned fabrics were preferable
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.66,0:04:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to paper which is easily torn.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.42,0:05:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Furoshiki too were used\Nuntil they were threadbare
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.95,0:05:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then recycled as cleaning rags.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.41,0:05:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle music)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.72,0:05:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were even workers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.92,0:05:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who gathered roadside litter for reuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.09,0:05:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paper was especially precious.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.30,0:05:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scrap paper was dissolved in water
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.46,0:05:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and remade into toilet paper and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.88,0:05:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At a time when raw materials
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.86,0:05:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were scarce, an emphasis on reuse
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.72,0:05:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and repair meant that\Nlittle waste was generated
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.74,0:05:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Japan of centuries past.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.72,0:05:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle music)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.63,0:05:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mid 20th century brought a period
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.59,0:05:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of high speed growth to Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.30,0:05:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Along with rapid economic\Ndevelopment came a dramatic change
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.38,0:05:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the traditionally frugal lifestyle.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.11,0:05:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The term "disposable" came into use
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.95,0:05:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everyday life became inundated
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.24,0:05:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with more items than ever before.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.48,0:06:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.67,0:06:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this material prosperity\Nbrought with it a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.27,0:06:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The volume of waste soared.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.11,0:06:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With insufficient land in Central Tokyo
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.46,0:06:11.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dispose of it all,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.99,0:06:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only choice was to use the trash
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.31,0:06:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for land reclamation in Tokyo Bay.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.53,0:06:22.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inadequate waste disposal led\Nto water and air pollution.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.61,0:06:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Incineration produced dioxins.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.31,0:06:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were serious\Nproblems in post-war Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.14,0:06:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later, efforts were made\Nmade to reduce waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.56,0:06:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Technological breakthroughs\Nbrought dioxin free incinerators
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.43,0:06:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and better recycling.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.13,0:06:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People's attitudes towards\Nwaste also changed dramatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.35,0:06:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- We've seen how rubbish became
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.21,0:06:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a fairly serious social problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.59,0:06:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did Japan deal with that in the end?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.05,0:06:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- In Japan the era of rapid\Neconomic growth gave rise
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.83,0:06:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a society of mass\Nproduction, mass consumption
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.84,0:07:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mass disposal.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.71,0:07:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was a feature of all the\Nadvanced industrial countries
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.22,0:07:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Japan was no exception.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.99,0:07:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But limits to Japan's available\Nland area meant problems
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.63,0:07:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for that pattern as there\Nwas no where to dispose
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.39,0:07:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of so much waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.19,0:07:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There just wasn't anywhere to put it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.02,0:07:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what could be done?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.03,0:07:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the recycling\Nseemed to be the solution,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.23,0:07:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but recycling large\Nvolumes of unsorted waste
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.81,0:07:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was prohibitively costly\Nand energy-intensive
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.52,0:07:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the technology \Nsimply didn't exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.51,0:07:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.08,0:07:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there was a change in thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.80,0:07:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In came a philosophy called the three R's,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.37,0:07:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduce, reuse, recycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.80,0:07:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, minimize the waste\Ngenerated at the production
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.35,0:07:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and consumption stages.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.73,0:07:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's reduce and reuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.68,0:07:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Failing that, recycle,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.69,0:07:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where that isn't possible\Nthings must be disposed
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.38,0:07:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of appropriately.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.33,0:08:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I remember going to a lecture once
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.20,0:08:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the person giving the\Nlecture was an environmentalist
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said not three\NR's but four R's.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.21,0:08:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first one was refuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.13,0:08:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you don't buy stuff\Nin the first place unless
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.73,0:08:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you absolutely need it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.04,0:08:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that seemed to make\Na lot of sense as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.88,0:08:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes, some make it the\Nfour R's, including refuse
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.21,0:08:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or add a fifth R for repair.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.78,0:08:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] The ideals of waste reduction
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.08,0:08:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recycling set off a revolution\Nin the Japanese mindset,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.83,0:08:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but concrete policies were required
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.07,0:08:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to actually achieve waste reduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.84,0:08:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- At first, the trend was to\Naddress it as a moral issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.82,0:08:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That approach featured\Nenvironmental education
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.54,0:08:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and awareness-building.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.66,0:08:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This appeal to the conscience\Naimed to reduce waste
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.56,0:08:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stop illegal dumping.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.55,0:08:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the first stage.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.50,0:08:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But since then, there has\Nbeen a shift in philosophy
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.60,0:08:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the use of economic incentives.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.96,0:09:00.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea is to express\Nthe environmental impact
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.67,0:09:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people's actions in\Nterms of monetary costs.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.69,0:09:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So put out rubbish if you want,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.08,0:09:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you have to pay the price for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.37,0:09:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the core it's a moral issue
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.42,0:09:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but moralizing has its limits.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.57,0:09:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the shift is to a new\Nframework in which it costs money
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.07,0:09:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take an action that\Nhas a negative effect
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.38,0:09:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.45,0:09:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actions with positive\Neffects are rewarded.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.67,0:09:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle music)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.23,0:09:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [ Narrator] Here's an approach that has
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.20,0:09:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drastically reduced the amount\Nof household waste generated.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.28,0:09:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Compulsory purchase rubbish bags.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.00,0:09:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The municipality sells\Nofficially marked bags,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.31,0:09:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only rubbish placed in\Nthese bags will be collected.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.41,0:09:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle music)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.49,0:09:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Refuse collection used to be free.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.46,0:09:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once it cost money
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.80,0:09:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a dramatic\Ndrop in household waste
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.80,0:09:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the overall cost of\Nrubbish disposal also fell.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.77,0:10:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some municipalities saw\Nwaste volume fall by 50%
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.87,0:10:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while recycled material soared.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.58,0:10:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.60,0:10:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To see a typical example of\Nhousehold rubbish sorting
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.28,0:10:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll visit the home of a woman
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.90,0:10:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who lives by herself in Tokyo.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.42,0:10:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle music)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.48,0:10:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the rubbish sorting\Narea in her kitchen.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.32,0:10:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- There are large bags and small ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.32,0:10:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I use them depending on the\Namount of rubbish I have.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.87,0:10:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the smallest size.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.00,0:10:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to reduce waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.38,0:10:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I sort my rubbish\Nas carefully as I can.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.60,0:10:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I never end up throwing\Nlarge amounts away in one go.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.36,0:10:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] She sorts plastic\Nbottles, scrap paper, cans
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.62,0:10:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other recyclables for\Ncollection as resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.46,0:10:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That minimizes the\Namount of waste that goes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.74,0:11:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the paid rubbish bags.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.59,0:11:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- It's a bit of a chore,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.23,0:11:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can't be denied,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.15,0:11:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I have got into the habit of doing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.60,0:11:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still, I have to say that it\Nwas a little tiresome at first.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.21,0:11:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consciousness of waste as a resource
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.52,0:11:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has spread throughout Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.90,0:11:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One municipality requires sorting
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.99,0:11:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of rubbish into 34 different categories,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.11,0:11:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enabling recycling of\Naround 80% of local waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.53,0:11:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This leaves a mere 20% to be disposed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.65,0:11:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of by conventional means.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.94,0:11:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.84,0:11:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Introduced at the turn
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.96,0:11:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the century, compulsory\Npurchase bags
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.90,0:11:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have made a big impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.34,0:11:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Obviously, it used to be that you could
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.33,0:11:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just throw rubbish away in any old bag
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.95,0:11:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it didn't cost anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.54,0:11:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So wasn't there any\Nresistance from the residents
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.45,0:12:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they first brought\Nin this system?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.02,0:12:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- There was some initial\Nresistance from residents
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.53,0:12:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but over the course of\Nnumerous public briefings
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.69,0:12:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a consensus was developed\Nto implement the system.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.46,0:12:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once they understood that landfill space
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.52,0:12:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was running out, people\Nwere finally willing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.73,0:12:17.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to accept the change.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.77,0:12:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nowadays, paying for rubbish bags
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.94,0:12:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is becoming standard\Npractice across Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.11,0:12:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost 70% of municipalities charge
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.02,0:12:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for household rubbish collection.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.97,0:12:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over two-thirds.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.69,0:12:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there are still some places\Nthat do free collection,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.92,0:12:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm thinking they \Nwill probably switch
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.34,0:12:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over in the next few years.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.41,0:12:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(air whooshing)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.86,0:12:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] Now let's take a closer look
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.78,0:12:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at recycling centers.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.12,0:12:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around 85% of the plastic bottles used
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.22,0:12:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Japan are recycled.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.97,0:12:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.86,0:13:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At home people first remove the caps
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.53,0:13:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and labels which have\Nseparate recycling processes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.16,0:13:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they rinse the bottles and\Nput them out for collection.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.35,0:13:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.14,0:13:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bottles are collected on set days.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.14,0:13:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After confirming that no\Nunwanted materials are mixed
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.79,0:13:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in with the recyclable plastics,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.39,0:13:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bottles are compacted into\Nbundles of a uniform size.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.30,0:13:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.82,0:13:34.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The municipality sells\Nthese bundles as a resource.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.33,0:13:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.87,0:13:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recycling companies\Npurchase the bundled bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.62,0:13:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and process them at their own plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.86,0:13:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- We're down by Tokyo \NBay now at a company
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.01,0:13:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that recycles plastic bottles\Nas you can probably tell
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.35,0:13:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from all the stuff around me here.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.63,0:13:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] In the course of a year
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.84,0:13:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than a billion plastic\Nbottles come to this plant
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.84,0:13:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be recycled from all around Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.36,0:14:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.92,0:14:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Now these stacks of bottles here
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.08,0:14:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to somebody like me these are rubbish,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.65,0:14:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you actually buy these, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.79,0:14:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes, I do. These plastic bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.38,0:14:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were made from petroleum.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.91,0:14:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So petroleum-derived\Nplastic bottles can be used
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.88,0:14:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a substitute for virgin petroleum
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.22,0:14:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in making new plastic\Nmaterials of various kinds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.67,0:14:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- The uniform that I'm\Nwearing now is actually made
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.32,0:14:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from recycled plastic bottles.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.78,0:14:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- (speaks foreign language)\NReally? Can I just, wow.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.63,0:14:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't feel like it does it?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.10,0:14:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(speaks foreign language)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.34,0:14:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- You can make all sorts of things
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.62,0:14:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're just as good\Nas petroleum-based items.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.58,0:14:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] First, the used\Nplastic bottles are removed
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.28,0:14:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from their bundles.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.76,0:14:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Peter] How much does one\Nof these packages weigh?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.46,0:14:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Between 15 and 18 kilograms in general.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.19,0:15:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a reason for these kinds\Nof regulations - any heavier
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.49,0:15:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a worker lifting one might\Nend up with an injured back.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.87,0:15:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all done in accordance\Nwith Japanese Labor Laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.15,0:15:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.18,0:15:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] The bottles\Nundergo a series of processes
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.42,0:15:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to transform them into raw materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.95,0:15:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.91,0:15:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Colored plastic bottles are removed.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.39,0:15:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they were mixed in,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.66,0:15:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the batch would become\Ntinted, lowering its quality.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.67,0:15:33.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.00,0:15:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The batch is thoroughly checked
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.87,0:15:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to ensure that no foreign\Nmatter is included.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.41,0:15:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.67,0:15:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the bottles are shredded\Ninto tiny pieces and cleaned.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.90,0:15:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After some more processes they come out
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.23,0:15:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as high quality plastic flakes
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.84,0:15:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be used as raw material
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.92,0:15:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a whole range of products.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.95,0:15:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.37,0:16:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Here are some products made
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.13,0:16:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from plastic bottles.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.09,0:16:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- And this school uniform too,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.30,0:16:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that made out of\Nplastic bottles as well?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.56,0:16:08.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes, it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.56,0:16:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] A boys' school uniform.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.13,0:16:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Polyester made from plastic\Nbottles is just as comfortable
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.80,0:16:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and durable as the material\Nderived from petroleum.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.32,0:16:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- These days more and\Nmore uniforms for middle
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.30,0:16:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and high school students all\Nover Japan are being made
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.44,0:16:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from recycled plastic bottles.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.76,0:16:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's definitely a growing trend.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.06,0:16:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Wow, things change.\N(laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.24,0:16:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] Other products\Ninclude mesh fabric
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.19,0:16:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for trainers, material\Nfor school bags, packaging
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.73,0:16:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for detergent and many other products.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.42,0:16:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As well as producing raw\Nmaterials for these goods.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.58,0:16:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This company has an even more\Nefficient recycling method.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.21,0:17:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- To make maximum use\Nof petroleum resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.50,0:17:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we developed a way to\Nremake new plastic bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.88,0:17:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from recycled ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.17,0:17:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.66,0:17:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] The technology developed
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.44,0:17:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the company turns\Nrecycled plastic bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.61,0:17:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into new ones without using\Na single drop of petroleum.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.85,0:17:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That represents an\Noptimally efficient reuse
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.02,0:17:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of plastic bottles.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.66,0:17:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At present they can make\Neight new plastic bottles
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.13,0:17:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from every 10 bottles collected.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.52,0:17:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- In Japan
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.73,0:17:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there has been a nationwide\Npush involving public policy
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.92,0:17:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and education of\Nconsumers to remove labels
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.32,0:17:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and caps and wash plastic\Nbottles to make recycling easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.49,0:17:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The whole nation is right\Nbehind the idea of recycling.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.67,0:17:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That momentum clearly exists.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.29,0:17:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that combined effort is part
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.54,0:17:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the contribution being made
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.24,0:18:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the advances we're\Nseeing in Japan's knowhow.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.92,0:18:03.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Teamwork.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.98,0:18:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(crowd cheering)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.12,0:18:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Hi, I'm Matt Alt,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.44,0:18:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and today, I'm in Machida, a suburb
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.75,0:18:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Tokyo, visiting a very\Nspecial recycling center.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.98,0:18:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's special because they\Ntake large, bulky garbage
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.31,0:18:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that usually can't be recycled
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.06,0:18:28.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transform it into products\Nthat can be sold again.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.66,0:18:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go inside and\Ncheck out how it's done.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.86,0:18:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.18,0:18:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(beeping sound)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.61,0:18:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] Large items such\Nas furniture are brought here
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.61,0:18:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with various other things
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.07,0:18:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no longer needed by households.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.38,0:18:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.93,0:18:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Wow, look at all this teamwork
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.89,0:18:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and look at all this stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.94,0:18:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyday, how much of this comes in?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.35,0:18:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Today we have a little \Nmore than usual
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.03,0:18:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for this time of year.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.60,0:19:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seven two-ton truckloads.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.95,0:19:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a two-ton truck.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.03,0:19:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on a more typical\Nday we might get five
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.49,0:19:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or six truckloads like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.75,0:19:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- How about reupholstering this?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.31,0:19:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yeah, it would look great.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.77,0:19:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- As you can see we have specialists
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.95,0:19:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in collection and experts\Nin repair and restoration.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.50,0:19:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They evaluate the items brought here
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.49,0:19:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sort them into items\Nthat can be repaired
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.02,0:19:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and items that can't.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.79,0:19:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They separate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.74,0:19:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Matt] I see, I see.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.82,0:19:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow, wow, look at this place.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.93,0:19:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like Santa's workshop.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.08,0:19:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So tell me, what kind\Nof work do you do here?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.13,0:19:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Well, it's a bit rickety here.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.80,0:19:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are scratches inside\Nthe drawers, scratches
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.82,0:19:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the legs as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.41,0:19:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll fix all those.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.20,0:20:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's coming unstuck \Nat the sides here, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.60,0:20:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we clamp it here \Nand then we'll fix it.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.28,0:20:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I see.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.71,0:20:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Here's where we fix musical instruments.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.11,0:20:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- First, I look at\Nwhether the neck is bent.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.88,0:20:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it is, I adjust the\Ntruss rod to fix it.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.80,0:20:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- And at the very end \Nare you gonna rock
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.54,0:20:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out on the guitar?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.72,0:20:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- (laughs) No, no, no.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.63,0:20:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- This is the fabric area.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.68,0:20:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Ah, what is this\Nbeautiful cloth right here?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.50,0:20:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- This used to be an Obi.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.24,0:20:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- An Obi? An Obi? For Kimono?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.44,0:20:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.54,0:20:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Matt] So you've transformed junk
Dialogue: 0,0:20:45.93,0:20:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a totally new product.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.10,0:20:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Old obi are often stained or ripped,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.15,0:20:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if parts are free from such damage
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.07,0:20:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can give the fabric new\Nlife in a product like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.17,0:21:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what we do.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.20,0:21:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Wow, even I wanna use this.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.56,0:21:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanna use this.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.26,0:21:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at this.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.25,0:21:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, this is the shop.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.30,0:21:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ah, and here we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.40,0:21:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow!
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.54,0:21:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whoa, look at all this.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.81,0:21:21.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But look at this, I mean\Nthe finish is just perfect
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.33,0:21:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on these.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.97,0:21:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.34,0:21:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow, this is really nice.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.47,0:21:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Come here, check this out.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.01,0:21:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanna get one of these for\Nmy collection of robot toys.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.64,0:21:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wait for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.47,0:21:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not bad for just,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.30,0:21:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wow 7,000 yen!\N7,000 yen.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:37.57,0:21:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's like 60 bucks U.S. dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.68,0:21:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What on earth Is this?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.56,0:21:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this a meteor?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.37,0:21:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is this?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.80,0:21:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't tell if this is a meteor
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.37,0:21:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a monster or giant soccer ball or...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.05,0:21:58.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's huge.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:00.60,0:22:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] Apparently,\Nit's a ceramic artwork
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.06,0:22:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had been thrown away.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.01,0:22:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- This is great, come here, come here.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:07.76,0:22:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is great.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.87,0:22:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is something you won't see
Dialogue: 0,0:22:11.74,0:22:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an American secondhand shop.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.20,0:22:16.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Traditional Japanese dolls
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.41,0:22:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helmets and geisha.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.05,0:22:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(playful music)
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.10,0:22:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I have to say I was\Nsurprised at the prices.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.53,0:22:29.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- The primary objective here is not
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.67,0:22:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make money on sales; it's\Nto reduce waste through reuse
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.15,0:22:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recycling.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.50,0:22:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the key point.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.08,0:22:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want the public to be more\Nconscious of this situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.07,0:22:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want them to be aware that\Nthey're throwing away so many
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.05,0:22:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that could still be used.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.01,0:22:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hopefully, people will\Ntake away the message
Dialogue: 0,0:22:52.52,0:22:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cherish things they already own.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.68,0:22:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's ultimately what we're trying
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.63,0:22:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get across through\Nour activities here.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.56,0:23:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Now in Japan there's\Nan old folklore tradition
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.46,0:23:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the things we use
Dialogue: 0,0:23:05.88,0:23:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and throw out can \Nsometimes come back
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.68,0:23:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as monsters to haunt us.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.42,0:23:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here's a place where they've taken
Dialogue: 0,0:23:11.31,0:23:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the things we've thrown out
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.67,0:23:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turned them into\Nlittle treasures instead.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.76,0:23:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pretty cool, huh?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.88,0:23:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next time you're in the area
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.30,0:23:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why don't you drop by and check it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.42,0:23:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just don't forget your wallet.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:21.51,0:23:22.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See you next time.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:24.86,0:23:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(air whooshing)
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.36,0:23:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] Rubbish from Central Tokyo
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.84,0:23:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has long been disposed of in\Nreclamation sites in Tokyo Bay.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.03,0:23:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Land reclamation using\Nwaste as landfill began
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.03,0:23:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Bay around 100 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.12,0:23:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the need to keep shipping channels
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.14,0:23:49.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so on, limits the\Narea that can be filled.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.49,0:23:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The current site is the last one.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:51.37,0:23:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even that is rapidly filling up.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.32,0:24:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This site has been carefully designed
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.24,0:24:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prevent contamination\Nfrom leaks into the sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.13,0:24:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The volume of waste\Nsent here has decreased
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.81,0:24:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to 1/7th compared to the\Nera of rapid growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.47,0:24:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even so, that amounts \Nto some 500,000 tons
Dialogue: 0,0:24:14.40,0:24:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of incinerator ash and\Nnon-burnable rubbish
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.52,0:24:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bury each year.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:20.10,0:24:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- And, are we actually standing on top
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.10,0:24:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a mountain of rubbish?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.35,0:24:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- That's correct, we are\Nstanding on a mountain
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.27,0:24:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of waste in a landfill site.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.88,0:24:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- And presumably... I can\Nsee cranes over there now.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.06,0:24:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are they emptying more\Ngarbage into that area now?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.55,0:24:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- That area is mainly\Nbeing filled with ash
Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.73,0:24:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from incinerated household\Nwaste from Central Tokyo.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:48.75,0:24:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, that's happening right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.38,0:24:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- How much longer do you envisage
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.33,0:24:55.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this site being able to be used?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.85,0:24:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Although the volume
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.97,0:25:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of rubbish has diminished a great deal,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.46,0:25:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it remains constant in the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.96,0:25:06.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we only have enough capacity\Nfor 50 to 60 more years.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.91,0:25:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No more of Tokyo's coastal area
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.24,0:25:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be allocated for reclamation.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.69,0:25:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So every effort is being\Nmade to reduce waste
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.69,0:25:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to prolong the use of this site.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.56,0:25:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] Is there any\Nhope of a long-term solution?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:24.79,0:25:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When this site is full,\Nthere will be nowhere left
Dialogue: 0,0:25:27.50,0:25:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go for the masses of waste\Ngenerated by the metropolis.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.36,0:25:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- And Japan, as we've heard today,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.10,0:25:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually in a much\Nbetter state regarding waste
Dialogue: 0,0:25:40.11,0:25:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recycling than a\Nlot of other countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:43.17,0:25:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a global problem\Nfor the human race.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.01,0:25:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- The pattern of growth in\Nadvanced industrial countries
Dialogue: 0,0:25:49.62,0:25:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has always entailed the creation of waste,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.61,0:25:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now we've hit a wall
Dialogue: 0,0:25:53.80,0:25:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of all the environmental problems
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.24,0:25:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that pattern causes.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:58.50,0:26:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The planet cannot sustain\Nprogress along similar lines
Dialogue: 0,0:26:01.86,0:26:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in developing countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.14,0:26:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just has to be avoided.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.73,0:26:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we must eliminate as\Nmuch waste as possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.32,0:26:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think ultimately the need is
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.78,0:26:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for economic growth with zero waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:16.09,0:26:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That has to be the target.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.52,0:26:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Is that possible?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:20.99,0:26:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I believe it is possible
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.49,0:26:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because even though I'm\Nusing the word waste,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.93,0:26:28.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I do not believe that such\Na thing as waste exists.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:28.63,0:26:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rubbish properly sorted is a\Nresource; unsorted, it is waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.04,0:26:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything can be recycled if it's sorted.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:36.21,0:26:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're starting to see that\Nunderstanding reflected
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.73,0:26:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in waste policies in Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.01,0:26:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe it's only a matter of time
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.53,0:26:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before we achieve zero waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:47.36,0:26:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- One thing that impressed me today
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.14,0:26:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was back at the plastic\Nbottle recycling factory.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.44,0:26:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were talking about how,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:54.09,0:26:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what makes the process go\Nso smoothly is the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:26:56.69,0:26:59.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that consumers take the\Nlabels off the bottles,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:59.91,0:27:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they rinse them out and then\Nput them out for recycling.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.10,0:27:06.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the whole thing is a\Nbig kind of group effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.39,0:27:09.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite the fact I've been\Nliving so long in Japan,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.71,0:27:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's some aspects of the\Ngroup mentality of this country
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.81,0:27:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that still don't sit\Nwith me completely right.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.62,0:27:19.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But listening to that\Nexplanation earlier today
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.89,0:27:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,redrives home that there's\Na plus factor there as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.32,0:27:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think with this problem\Nof waste and recycling,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.70,0:27:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's probably a lot that people
Dialogue: 0,0:27:29.32,0:27:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in other countries could learn
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.94,0:27:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Japanese mentality as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:32.89,0:27:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with that I shall bid you\Ngoodbye from the wasteland.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:37.40,0:27:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See you next time.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.62,0:27:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(gentle instrumental music)
Dialogue: 0,0:27:47.35,0:27:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Narrator] Next time our\Ntheme is "Period Dramas".
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.91,0:27:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did these dramas\Nfeaturing samurai warriors mean
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.11,0:27:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the people of Japan?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.66,0:27:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We seek out their unique appeal.