[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.08,0:00:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello everyone. I'm Joanne Faryon.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.82,0:00:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to this Envision special
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.13,0:00:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life In Prison
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.01,0:00:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About one in five of all inmates in California are serving life sentences.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.72,0:00:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Combined, they could potentially cost taxpayers in this state $140 billion
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.46,0:00:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the course of their sentences.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.05,0:00:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lifers are getting more expensive because they're aging in prison and rarely paroled.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.05,0:00:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all adding up to record health care costs for inmates.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.02,0:01:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tonight, we explore the cost of California's tough on crime legislation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.03,0:01:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's lead to so much overcrowding in state prisons the federal courts have stepped in.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.07,0:01:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll meet some lifers - men who were sent to prison
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.04,0:01:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Lyndon B. Johnson was president and they're still there.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.06,0:01:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not a report on whether they should be paroled - it is an examination
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.19,0:01:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how much it costs to lock people up and rarely let them out.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.42,0:01:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially when locking them up means you're responsible for their healthcare.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.55,0:01:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first glance this could look like a nursing home.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.06,0:01:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The wheelchairs and walkers have a way of fooling you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.06,0:02:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the California Medical Facility, one of California's 33 prisons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.01,0:02:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CMF operates the largest prison hospital.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.32,0:02:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's where many of the states old, sick and dying inmates will end up.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.07,0:02:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these days, those old and sick inmates are growing in number.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.09,0:02:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,California faces a problem that touches nearly every aspect of society -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.03,0:02:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from our economy to our safety to our health - one that forces us to take sides
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.01,0:02:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between punishment and redemption.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.06,0:02:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've too many men and women in our prisons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.03,0:03:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The statistics say so, and so did a federal court in 2002.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.04,0:03:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are 170,000 inmates in prisons that were built for 100,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.40,0:03:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One in five serving life sentences.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.02,0:03:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TERRY CAMPBELL (Inmate): My name is Terry Campbell.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.03,0:03:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm in prison for murder, first-degree murder, and I've been in prison for 44 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.45,0:03:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GLENDA VIRGIL (Inmate): "My name is Glenda Virgil, and I'm serving a 15-to-life sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.44,0:03:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been here 23 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.04,0:03:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--And how old are you?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.08,0:03:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm 63 years old.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.33,0:03:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RICHARD LAURENZANO (Inmate): Being 62 in prison is a struggle, it's a struggle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.04,0:03:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.07,0:03:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, first of all the reflection of losing 27 years of your life but you get sicker.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.00,0:03:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--Richard Lauranzano represents the fastest growing segment
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.50,0:03:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the inmate population: men over 50.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.01,0:03:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's also among the most expensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.05,0:04:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's been sick and has been treated at hospitals outside the prison system.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.64,0:04:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LAURENZANO: I had cancer about four years ago, stage 4.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.03,0:04:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The prison system saved my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.02,0:04:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They sent me out to outside hospitals they never hesitated.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.04,0:04:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--Glenda Virgil has had surgery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.05,0:04:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,VIRGIL: I've had major back surgery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.36,0:04:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was in the hospital with two guards 24 hours a day for 11 days.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.67,0:04:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I can't imagine what that cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.08,0:04:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that just for the guards alone I would imagine that was over $200,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.02,0:04:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know because that 2 guards - because I'm a lifer - 2 guards for 24 hours everyday.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.59,0:04:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--Terry Campbell has had seven operations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.03,0:04:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CAMPBELL: My back.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.08,0:04:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My shoulders because I broke bones in both my back and shoulders.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.08,0:05:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My hand, twice.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.02,0:05:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CLARK KELSO: We're dealing with a corrections population that is aging in prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--Clark Kelso is in charge of health care in California's prisons.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.08,0:05:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we've seen explosion in Cardiovascular problems, and we've got a lot of Diabetes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.00,0:05:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have the results of Hepatitis C, there was sort of an epidemic of it, an exposure in the 80's,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.04,0:05:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we began to see the results of that now.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.07,0:05:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a lot of inmates who have very serious liver disease
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.04,0:05:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the result of an abuse of drugs and alcohol.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.04,0:05:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're all at the age now where you have those issues plus other chronic conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.03,0:05:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that simply require a different type of care.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.32,0:05:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--A federal judge made Kelso a receiver
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.08,0:05:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put him in charge when a court ruled inmates did not have access to health care
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.06,0:06:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mental health services because California's prisons were so over crowded.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.02,0:06:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The court ruled lack of health care was cruel and unusual punishment
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.09,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and violated inmates' constitutional rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:12.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A panel of federal judges has since ordered California to come up with a plan
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.57,0:06:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reduce its prison population by 40,000 inmates.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.06,0:06:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both decisions forced the state to confront its overcrowding problem and challenged the public
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.06,0:06:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to contemplate the health care debate in a whole new way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.07,0:06:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we as a country can't decide whether health care is a right for all free citizens -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.02,0:06:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why is it so easily determined as a right for convicted criminals?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.48,0:06:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a question Clark Kelso has been asked many times.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.46,0:06:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KELSO: The technical legal answer is there's a huge difference
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.04,0:06:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between government's responsibility to you a citizen, a free citizen,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.01,0:06:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and government's responsibility to someone that government is incarcerating.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.04,0:07:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you have incarcerated someone, government has a constitutional obligation
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.03,0:07:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the Eighth Amendment to provide certain levels of care
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.03,0:07:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that what the state has to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.47,0:07:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--Since the receivership assumed control of health care
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.02,0:07:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in prisons three years ago, spending on medical treatment for inmates has almost doubled -
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.04,0:07:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from just over one billion dollars a year to nearly two billion dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.07,0:07:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that budget will increase if the state is to continue providing health care
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.41,0:07:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to its growing geriatric population.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.06,0:07:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One independent report projects the number of men
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.05,0:07:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in California prisons over age 60 will triple by 2018.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.01,0:07:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KELSO: The state of California and the people of California have made consistent judgments
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.03,0:07:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that certain types of crimes or certain patterns of criminal conduct need to be punished
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.54,0:08:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with life in prison and that's a judgment that has to be respected. I think from my perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.05,0:08:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the State needs to realize is, that those decisions come with a cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.04,0:08:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That you can't have a prison population 16, 20 per cent of which in a maybe a decade or two
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.04,0:08:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going to be 55 and older. You can't do that unless you're willing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.03,0:08:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to devote a very substantial portion of the general fund to their health care
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.02,0:08:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because those aging prisoners are going
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.01,0:08:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have health care needs that are very expensive to meet.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.40,0:08:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--There are about 35,000 lifers in California prisons.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.00,0:08:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using government statistics, KPBS calculated how much money the state pays
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.02,0:08:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to imprison inmates for a life sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.03,0:08:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Inmate X is incarcerated at age 37, he costs taxpayers about $49,000 a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.01,0:09:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as he ages, his health care expenses will increase.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.02,0:09:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At age 55, he could cost the state $150,000 a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.01,0:09:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If he lives until he's 77, he will cost California taxpayers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.04,0:09:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much $4 million to keep him in prison for life.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.04,0:09:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: So, when you were first convicted and sent to prison, did you expect to still be
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.01,0:09:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in prison when you were sixty-five?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.03,0:09:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CAMPBELL: No, not at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.06,0:09:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, I believed the hype that if you change while you're in prison and prove to us
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.36,0:09:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're capable of functioning in society by doing the programs that we provide,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.09,0:09:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing us that you've rehabilitated and the staff supports
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.89,0:09:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that effort then, CDC staff supports that effort, then you will be paroled.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.06,0:10:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--Lifers rarely get parole.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.10,0:10:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2008, 7,303 lifers were up for parole.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.05,0:10:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The board granted 294.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.01,0:10:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the Governor has the right to reverse those decisions or send them back for review.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.01,0:10:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2008, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger denied 81 lifers parole
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.10,0:10:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sent more than 30 cases back for review.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.05,0:10:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fewer than 60 inmates were released.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.04,0:10:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The year before even fewer were paroled and in 2006, fewer still.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.69,0:10:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,--To understand why Californians developed this 'tough on crime' mantra,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.04,0:10:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to go back to the days of Charles Manson.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.05,0:10:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time, homicide rates were on the rise -
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.05,0:10:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nearly doubling from the mid-sixties to the late 70's.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.08,0:11:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HARRIET SALARNO: Because the high crime,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.03,0:11:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,murder was on the rampage and the people were getting furious.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.38,0:11:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: Harriet Salarno was raising a family in San Francisco at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.35,0:11:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She and her husband owned an electronics store.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.61,0:11:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They kept a gun because stores like theirs were often the target of robberies.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.08,0:11:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the gun her daughter's killer would use in 1979.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.03,0:11:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SALARNO: And he shot her and murdered her execution style.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.08,0:11:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he went up to his dorm didn't call any help or anything watched her try to call and she died
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.00,0:11:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finally another student found her and it was too late.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.01,0:11:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: When Salarno learned her daughter's killer was up for parole
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.07,0:11:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after just serving 10 years, she began a life-long campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.06,0:11:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for tougher sentencing laws and stricter parole policies.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.03,0:12:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her victims rights group raises enough money to employ a full-time lobbyist in Sacramento.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.06,0:12:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SALARNO: Public safety is in our constitution
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.03,0:12:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's the priority and it must be served first.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.04,0:12:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we will back right there lobbying as heavy
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.03,0:12:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we can every morning we'll have a new case that we will be able to discuss with whatever legislator we meet that day
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.01,0:12:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because somebody was murdered. It will be on the morning news as it is every morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.05,0:12:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we'll be back there. And that's their obligation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.09,0:12:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their obligation as legislators is to do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.08,0:12:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: Dozens of changes to sentencing laws in the last few decades have all contributed
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.02,0:12:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to California's highest rate of lifers in prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.05,0:12:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two of the most significant, are determinate sentencing in 1977,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.02,0:13:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which imposed minimum sentences, and three strikes in 1994,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.05,0:13:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which allowed repeat offenders to be sentenced to life.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.00,0:13:06.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LINDA: My sentence is 15 to life.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.02,0:13:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: And you've been here how long?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.08,0:13:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LINDA: I'm in my 24th year.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.04,0:13:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: And Glenda?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.07,0:13:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,VIRGIL: Fifteen to life, plus two for a gun allocation.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.09,0:13:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've been here for 23 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.03,0:13:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: And Marylinn?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.02,0:13:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MARYLINN: Mine is 15 to life for second-degree murder and I've been down 25.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.03,0:13:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: At the California Institution for Women in Corona California, a group of inmates,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.10,0:13:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all convicted murderers, all women, talk about what its like to grow old in prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.05,0:13:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LINDA: The change is for me my health.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.03,0:13:51.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My health has declined and the getting around that I don't have anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.07,0:13:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't think that I would ever grow old.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.01,0:14:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That my hips wouldn't work, that I couldn't get down or get up anymore, or my legs.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.07,0:14:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MARYLINN: And never in my life did I think I'd be sitting in prison and going,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.01,0:14:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Wow, I'm 70 years old and I don't even have a retirement plan."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.05,0:14:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't have to go to work everyday because that's the program.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.01,0:14:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what you have to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.04,0:14:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or that I would have lost my whole family behind these circumstances.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.05,0:14:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That I would no longer have a family to reach out to.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.07,0:14:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: The women are part of a group called the Golden Girls,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.03,0:14:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inmates over 55 who are granted special privileges
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.00,0:14:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a double mattress on their metal cots.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.04,0:14:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're first in line during meals.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.10,0:14:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is still prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.07,0:14:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.03,0:14:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like getting down on the floor when an alarm sounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.01,0:14:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This happened while we were there.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.06,0:14:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,59-year-old Linda Vivian can barely make it down or back up again.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.08,0:14:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DR. JOSEPH BICK: Prisons weren't built to make it easy
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.07,0:14:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for mobility-impaired people to get around.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.08,0:15:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Prisons were built to safely incarcerate individuals who are sent away
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.02,0:15:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep them from escaping.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.06,0:15:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're trying to deal with things about how do you accommodate activities of daily living
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.08,0:15:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of somebody who's in their 60s, 70s, and 80s.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.01,0:15:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simple things like getting their clothes on, using the bathroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.08,0:15:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ambulating down the hallway to the dining halls.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.08,0:15:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having enough time to eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.05,0:15:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having more than 15 minutes to consume a meal.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.08,0:15:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: Dr. Joseph Bick has been working as a prison doctor for 20 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.05,0:15:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He tends to patients at CMF's hospital and the prison hospice,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.03,0:15:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he's held the hand of many dying inmates.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.05,0:15:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DR. JOSEPH BICK: I'm not privy to people's commitment offenses as a clinician,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.07,0:15:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's something I'm not particularly interested in knowing.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.05,0:15:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact I endeavour to not know because I think my job is
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.01,0:15:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to provide the best quality of health care I can.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.01,0:16:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm human too and I don't want to run the risk of being influenced
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.43,0:16:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by knowledge of someone's commitment offense.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.10,0:16:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: We met two inmates in the prison hospice on the day of our visit.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.05,0:16:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Angelo Chavez has end-stage liver disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.01,0:16:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ANGELO CHAVEZ: I was hoping they would give me a compassionate release
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.03,0:16:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's what I'm waiting for, to see if I can go home to my family.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.04,0:16:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: Chavez is a three-striker and serving a life sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.05,0:16:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His convictions include drug possession, robbery and manslaughter.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.06,0:16:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CHAVEZ: I would love to go home and die out there, than to die here.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.91,0:16:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: We also met Brian Long.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.66,0:16:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He has cancer and is expected to live another three months.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.48,0:17:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1993, Long was convicted of having sex with a minor and served six years.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.01,0:17:06.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2003 he was sentenced to 11 years for a second sexual offense against a child.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.02,0:17:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In California, inmates can be released for compassionate reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.37,0:17:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they have less than six months to live.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.02,0:17:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last year there were 57 compassionate release requests.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.06,0:17:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three were granted by the courts.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.06,0:17:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DR. JOSEPH BICK: People have very strong opinions on all sides
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.00,0:17:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this discussion. You certainly have people who have been victims personally, or their family members
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.04,0:17:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of very heinous crimes from some of the people who live in this facility.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.06,0:17:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they strongly feel that it doesn't matter how old somebody gets or how sick they get
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.01,0:17:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or what they're likelihood of re-offending is they should spend the rest
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.00,0:17:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their life in prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.02,0:17:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: But Dr. Bick says we can't deny them health care.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.44,0:17:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only is it the law, it is also a matter of public health.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.04,0:18:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DR. JOSEPH BICK: With so many people incarcerated, we choose as a society
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.02,0:18:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to incarcerate people that come to us with such an incredible burden of disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.00,0:18:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV and hepatitis and tuberculosis and mental illness
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.03,0:18:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and substance abuse who are someday going to go home, to me the tragedy is
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.06,0:18:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to somehow ignore them, put them off there and assume
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.03,0:18:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that because they're incarcerated they don't matter or that they're not going
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.10,0:18:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to somehow impact upon the general health at the time of release.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.08,0:18:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: And how do you see your life playing out then here, as you age?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.09,0:18:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CAMPBELL: I'll just grow old and eventually I'll die.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.72,0:18:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't see it as - you know I'm well adapted.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.08,0:18:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Institutionalized, if you will.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.08,0:18:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I don't see a problem just existing, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.02,0:19:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually I wont be able to function anymore and eventually I'll end
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.03,0:19:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up in a hospital and eventually I'll die.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.02,0:19:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the meantime it's going to cost the state an awful lot of money to take care of me.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.06,0:19:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: Terry Campbell was convicted in 1966 of murder during an armed robbery.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.08,0:19:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He has two other convictions from 1968 and 1973, both while incarcerated.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.04,0:19:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He told KPBS he was mixed up with prison gang violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.03,0:19:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since that time Campbell says he turned his life around and has earned two college degrees.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.04,0:19:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: What's your biggest fear about growing old in prison?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.08,0:19:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CAMPBELL: I don't know if it's a fear, but my biggest concern about growing old in prison is
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.09,0:19:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I went through all the trouble - on a personal level I went through all the trouble
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.99,0:20:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to change, to become a different person and...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.48,0:20:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now I don't know for what reason other than personal satisfaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.05,0:20:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't give anything back.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.06,0:20:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,VIRGIL: And being alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.05,0:20:33.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dying alone where there isn't anyone that really cares about you or even knows you.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.79,0:20:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: Glenda Virgil was convicted of second-degree murder when she
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.95,0:20:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shot and killed the man she was involved with in 1987.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.61,0:20:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She told KPBS she had been a battered woman.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:45.01,0:20:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LAURANZANO: They didn't give you life without,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.00,0:20:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't give you the death penalty they gave you 25-to-life or 15-to-life
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.04,0:20:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that means you get out at some point.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.01,0:20:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you do everything they say: you should get out and be a functioning member of the community.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.04,0:21:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: Richard Lauranzano was convicted of seven counts
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.02,0:21:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sexual assault with children under the age of 14 and murder.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.31,0:21:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is serving a fifty-year sentence, but is eligible for parole in 2013.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.60,0:21:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lauranzano's cancer is in remission, but he has heart trouble
Dialogue: 0,0:21:16.71,0:21:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is consulting with experts about surgery.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.58,0:21:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GOVERNOR: 30 years ago 10% of the general fund went
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.64,0:21:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to higher education and only 3% went to prisons.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.55,0:21:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today almost 11% goes to prisons and only 7.5% goes to higher education.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.05,0:21:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spending 45% more on prisons than universities is no way to proceed into the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.99,0:21:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: But it will be a difficult ship to turn around, given California's 30-year history of support
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.61,0:21:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for longer and longer prison sentences and this administration's record of denying parole.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.20,0:21:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plans to build a new billion-dollar prison to house old inmates who need chronic care
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.07,0:22:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and inmates who need mental health services are now underway.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.12,0:22:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There isn't room for them anywhere else.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.25,0:22:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clark Kelso is also looking at ways to get his outside hospital costs down.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:11.08,0:22:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last year the state spent 500 million dollars on those visits -
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.48,0:22:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 1,000 very sick and dying inmates accounted for most of that cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.87,0:22:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KELSO: There are I think solutions to this problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.58,0:22:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This conflict between putting people in prison up until life and the costs of doing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.42,0:22:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're solutions that I think the Legislature and the people need to become more comfortable with
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.60,0:22:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as medical parole or other types of programs that will get these unhealthy inmates, these aging inmates
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.86,0:22:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don't pose very much threat to the public and in terms of recidivism very good numbers there,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:52.22,0:22:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to come to a better, I think, public understanding in California
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.16,0:22:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how to take care of those inmates.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.23,0:23:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: Kelso has been in talks with officials, including the Governor's Office,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.25,0:23:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about releasing some inmates to privately-run secure nursing homes.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.12,0:23:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to government statistics, people over 55 have less
Dialogue: 0,0:23:11.54,0:23:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than a four per cent recidivism rate which means they are the least likely of all inmates
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.15,0:23:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to commit another offense and return to prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.53,0:23:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once released from state-run prisons, it's likely they'd be eligible
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.81,0:23:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for federal health care subsidies.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.75,0:23:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,KELSO: One way or the other, health care needs
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.47,0:23:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these people are going to be paid for by somebody.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:34.95,0:23:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: Should a life sentence mean a life sentence in California?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.78,0:23:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they're not rehabilitated absolutely.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.24,0:23:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HARRIET: What are you going to do with them if you let them out?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.84,0:23:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where are they going to go?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.30,0:23:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are you going to do with them?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:48.72,0:23:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're going to say they're not going to commit a crime if they can't get a job
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.91,0:23:59.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're talking maybe 65 they need to make some kind of income and they cant get a job
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.79,0:24:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can't get...they have no place to live. So, what are they going to do?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.44,0:24:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're going to rob somebody's home.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.08,0:24:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where are they going to get the money?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.35,0:24:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just don't open the door and say, "Here's your $200, go get the bus."
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.41,0:24:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: Do you ever think you will get out?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.00,0:24:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CAMPBELL: No.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.02,0:24:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No I don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.02,0:24:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know that saying about it doesn't really matter where you are, but it always matters who you are?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.10,0:24:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, that applies.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:35.72,0:24:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That applies to a lot of us that are in prison because there are a lot of lifers, there are a lot of lifers who came
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.38,0:24:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prison, who didn't get in trouble like I got in trouble
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.72,0:24:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I came to prison, who are still here.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.94,0:24:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're sitting around wondering, well what do I have to do?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.32,0:24:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do I have to do to get out of prison?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.88,0:25:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do I prove myself and who do I prove myself to?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.16,0:25:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FARYON: You can learn more about this issue by going to our website: kpbs.org/prisons.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.62,0:25:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can also leave us a comment.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.66,0:25:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd love to hear from you.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.66,0:25:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For KPBS, I'm Joanne Faryon, thanks for watching.