[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is actually a reality today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.00,0:00:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can download products from the Web --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.00,0:00:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,product data, I should say, from the Web --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps tweak it and personalize it
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to your own preference or your own taste,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have that information sent
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a desktop machine
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will fabricate it for you on the spot.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can actually build for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very rapidly,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a physical object.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason we can do this
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is through an emerging technology
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.00,0:00:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called additive manufacturing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.00,0:00:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 3D printing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a 3D printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have been around
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for almost 30 years now,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is quite amazing to think of,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're only just starting
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to filter into the public arena.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And typically, you would take data,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the data of a pen here,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would be a geometric representation of that product in 3D,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we would pass that data with material
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a process that would happen in the machine
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would mean layer by layer that product would be built.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can take out the physical product,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ready to use,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to, perhaps, assemble into something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if these machines have been around for almost 30 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why don't we know about them?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because typically they've been too inefficient,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inaccessible,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've not been fast enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've been quite expensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But today,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is becoming a reality
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they are now becoming successful.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many barriers are breaking down.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that you guys
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will soon be able to access one of these machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.00,0:01:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not this minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it will change and disrupt
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the landscape of manufacturing,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most certainly our lives, our businesses
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the lives of our children.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how does it work?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.00,0:02:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It typically reads CAD data,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.00,0:02:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a product design data
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created on professional product design programs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here you can see an engineer --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could be an architect or it could be a professional product designer --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.00,0:02:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create a product in 3D.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.00,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this data gets sent to a machine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that slices the data
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into two-dimensional representations of that product
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way through --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.00,0:02:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost like slicing it like salami.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.00,0:02:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that data, layer by layer, gets passed through the machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.00,0:02:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starting at the base of the product
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.00,0:02:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and depositing material, layer upon layer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,infusing the new layer of materials to the old layer
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an additive process.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this material that's deposited
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either starts as a liquid form
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a material powder form.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.00,0:02:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the bonding process can happen
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.00,0:02:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by either melting and depositing or depositing then melting.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, we can see a laser sintering machine developed by EOS.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually using a laser
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:02:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fuse the new layer of material to the old layer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.00,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over time --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite rapidly actually, in a number of hours --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can build a physical product,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ready to take out of the machine and use.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is quite an extraordinary idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is reality today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all these products that you can see on the screen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.00,0:03:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were made in the same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.00,0:03:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were all 3D printed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're ranging from shoes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rings that were made out of stainless steal,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,phone covers out of plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.00,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way through to spinal implants, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were created out of medical-grade titanium,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and engine parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.00,0:03:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what you'll notice about all of these products
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is they're very, very intricate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The design is quite extraordinary.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.00,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we're taking this data in 3D form,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slicing it up before it gets past the machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can actually create structures
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are more intricate
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than any other manufacturing technology --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, in fact, are impossible to build in any other way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can create parts with moving components,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.00,0:04:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hinges, parts within parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.00,0:04:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in some cases, we can abolish totally
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the need for manual labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sounds great.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.00,0:04:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is great.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.00,0:04:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can have 3D printers today
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.00,0:04:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that build structures like these.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.00,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is almost three meters high.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was built
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by depositing artificial sandstone layer upon layer
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.00,0:04:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in layers of about five millimeters to 10 mm in thickness --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.00,0:04:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slowly growing this structure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.00,0:04:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was created by an architectural firm called Shiro.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.00,0:04:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can actually walk into it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on the other end of the spectrum,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a microstructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's created depositing layers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of about four microns.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.00,0:04:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So really the resolution is quite incredible.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.00,0:04:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The detail that you can get today
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is quite amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So who's using it?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically, because we can create products very rapidly,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's been used by product designers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anyone who wanted to prototype a product
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very quickly create or reiterate a design.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And actually what's quite amazing about this technology as well
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that you can create bespoke products en masse.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's very little economies of scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can now create one-offs very easily.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.00,0:05:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Architects, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.00,0:05:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they want to create prototypes of buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.00,0:05:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again you can see,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.00,0:05:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a building of the Free University in Berlin
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.00,0:05:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was designed by Foster and Partners.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, not buildable in any other way.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.00,0:05:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And very hard to even create this by hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.00,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is an engine component.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was developed by a company called Within Technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.00,0:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 3T RPD.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.00,0:05:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very, very, very detailed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.00,0:05:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside with the design.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.00,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now 3D printing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can break away barriers in design
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which challenge the constraints
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of mass production.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.00,0:06:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we slice into this product which is actually sitting here,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see that it has a number of cooling channels pass through it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.00,0:06:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means it's a more efficient product.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.00,0:06:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't create this with standard manufacturing techniques
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.00,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if you tried to do it manually.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's more efficient
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we can now create all these cavities within the object
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that cool fluid.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's used by aerospace
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and automotive.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a lighter part
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it uses less material waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's overall performance and efficiency
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.00,0:06:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just exceeds standard mass produced products.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.00,0:06:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then taking this idea
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of creating a very detailed structure,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can apply it to honeycomb structures
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use them within implants.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically an implant
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.00,0:06:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more effective within the body
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.00,0:06:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it's more porous,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because our body tissue will grow into it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.00,0:07:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lower chance of rejection.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.00,0:07:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's very hard to create that in standard ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With 3D printing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.00,0:07:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're seeing today
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.00,0:07:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can create much better implants.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.00,0:07:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, because we can create
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.00,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bespoke products en masse, one-offs,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.00,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can create implants
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.00,0:07:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are specific to individuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.00,0:07:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as you can see,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.00,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this technology and the quality of what comes out of the machines is fantastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're starting to see it being used
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.00,0:07:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for final end products.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.00,0:07:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, as the detail is improving,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.00,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the quality is improving,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the price of the machines are falling
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.00,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're becoming quicker.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're also now small enough
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.00,0:07:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sit on a desktop.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.00,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can buy a machine today for about $300
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.00,0:07:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can create yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.00,0:07:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is quite incredible.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.00,0:07:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then it begs the question,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.00,0:07:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why don't we all have one in our home?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, simply, most of us here today
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't know how to create the data
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:07:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a 3D printer reads.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.00,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I gave you a 3D printer,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.00,0:08:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you wouldn't know how to direct it
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.00,0:08:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make what you want it to.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are more and more
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.00,0:08:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technologies, software and processes today
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.00,0:08:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are breaking down those barriers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe we're at a tipping point
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.00,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where this is now something
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can't avoid.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.00,0:08:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This technology
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.00,0:08:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really going to disrupt
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.00,0:08:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the landscape of manufacturing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.00,0:08:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, I believe, cause a revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.00,0:08:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in manufacturing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.00,0:08:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So today,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.00,0:08:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can download products from the Web --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.00,0:08:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anything you would have on your desktop,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.00,0:08:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like pens, whistles, lemon squeezers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can use software like Google SketchUp
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.00,0:08:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create products from scratch
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.00,0:08:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very easily.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.00,0:08:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3D printing can be also used
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.00,0:08:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to download spare parts from the Web.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.00,0:08:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So imagine you have, say,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.00,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Hoover in your home
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has broken down. You need a spare part,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.00,0:08:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you realize that Hoover's been discontinued.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.00,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you imagine going online --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a reality --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.00,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finding that spare part
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.00,0:09:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a database of geometries
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.00,0:09:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of that discontinued product
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.00,0:09:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and downloading that information, that data,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.00,0:09:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and having the product made for you at home,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.00,0:09:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ready to use, on your demand?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.00,0:09:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, because we can create spare parts
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.00,0:09:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with things the machines
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.00,0:09:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are quite literally making themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.00,0:09:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're having machines fabricate themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.00,0:09:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are parts of a RepRap machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.00,0:09:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a kind of desktop printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.00,0:09:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what interests my company the most
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.00,0:09:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the fact that you can create
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.00,0:09:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,individual unique products en masse.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.00,0:09:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no need to do a run
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.00,0:09:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of thousands of millions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.00,0:09:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or send that product to be injection molded in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.00,0:09:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can just make it physically on the spot.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.00,0:09:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which means
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.00,0:09:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can now present to the public
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.00,0:09:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the next generation of customization.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.00,0:09:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is something that is now possible today,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.00,0:10:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can direct personally
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.00,0:10:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how you want your products to look.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.00,0:10:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're all familiar with the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.00,0:10:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of customization or personalization.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.00,0:10:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brands like Nike are doing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.00,0:10:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all over the Web.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.00,0:10:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, every major household name
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.00,0:10:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is allowing you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.00,0:10:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to interact with their products
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.00,0:10:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a daily basis --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.00,0:10:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way from Smart Cars
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.00,0:10:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Prada
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.00,0:10:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Ray Ban, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.00,0:10:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is not really mass customization;
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.00,0:10:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's known as variant production,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.00,0:10:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,variations of the same product.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.00,0:10:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you could do is really influence your product now
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.00,0:10:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shape-manipulate your product.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.00,0:10:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sure about you guys,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.00,0:10:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I've had experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.00,0:10:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I've walked into a store and I've know exactly what I've wanted
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.00,0:10:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've searched everywhere for that perfect lamp
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.00,0:10:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I know where I want to sit in my house
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.00,0:10:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I just can't find the right thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.00,0:10:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that perfect piece of jewelry
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.00,0:10:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a gift or for myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.00,0:10:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine that you can now
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.00,0:11:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,engage with a brand
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.00,0:11:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and interact,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.00,0:11:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you can pass your personal attributes
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.00,0:11:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the products that you're about to buy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.00,0:11:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can today
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.00,0:11:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,download a product with software like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.00,0:11:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,view the product in 3D.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.00,0:11:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the sort of 3D data
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.00,0:11:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a machine will read.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.00,0:11:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a lamp.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.00,0:11:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can start iterating the design.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.00,0:11:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can direct what color that product will be,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.00,0:11:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps what material.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.00,0:11:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also, you can engage in shape manipulation of that product,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.00,0:11:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but within boundaries that are safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.00,0:11:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because obviously the public are not professional product designers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.00,0:11:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The piece of software will keep an individual
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.00,0:11:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within the bounds of the possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.00,0:11:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when somebody is ready to purchase the product
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.00,0:11:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their personalized design,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.00,0:11:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they click "Enter" and this data gets converted
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.00,0:11:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the data that a 3D printer reads
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.00,0:12:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gets passed to a 3D printer,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.00,0:12:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps on someone's desktop.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.00,0:12:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I don't think that that's immediate.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.00,0:12:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think that will happen soon.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.00,0:12:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's more likely, and we're seeing it today,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.00,0:12:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that data gets sent
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.00,0:12:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a local manufacturing center.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.00,0:12:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This means lower carbon footprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.00,0:12:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're now, instead of shipping a product across the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.00,0:12:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're sending data across the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.00,0:12:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the product being built.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.00,0:12:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see, this came out of the machine in one piece
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.00,0:12:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the electronics were inserted later.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.00,0:12:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's this lamp, as you can see here.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.00,0:12:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as long as you have the data,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.00,0:12:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can create the part on demand.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.00,0:12:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you don't necessarily need to use this
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.00,0:12:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for just aesthetic customization,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.00,0:12:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can use it for functional customization,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.00,0:12:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scanning parts of the body
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.00,0:12:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and creating things that are made to fit.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.00,0:12:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we can run this through to something like prosthetics,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.00,0:12:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is highly specialized to an individual's handicap.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.00,0:12:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or we can create very specific prosthetics
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.00,0:12:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for that individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.00,0:12:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scanning teeth today,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.00,0:13:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can have your teeth scanned
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.00,0:13:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dental coatings made in this way to fit you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.00,0:13:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While you wait at the dentist,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.00,0:13:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a machine will quietly be creating this for you
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.00,0:13:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ready to insert in the teeth.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.00,0:13:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the idea of now creating implants,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.00,0:13:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scanning data, an MRI scan of somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.00,0:13:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can now be converted into 3D data
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.00,0:13:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can create very specific implants for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.00,0:13:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And applying this
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.00,0:13:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the idea of building up what's in our bodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.00,0:13:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, this is pair of lungs and the bronchial tree.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.00,0:13:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very intricate.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.00,0:13:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You couldn't really create this or simulate it in any other way.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.00,0:13:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with MRI data,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.00,0:13:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can just build the product,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.00,0:13:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you can see, very intricately.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.00,0:13:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using this process,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.00,0:13:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pioneers in the industry are layering up cells today.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.00,0:13:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one of the pioneers, for example, is Dr. Anthony Atala,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.00,0:13:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he has been working
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.00,0:13:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on layering cells to create body parts --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.00,0:13:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bladders, valves, kidneys.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.00,0:13:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is not something that's ready for the public,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.00,0:14:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is in working progress.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.00,0:14:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just to finalize, we're all individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.00,0:14:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all have different preferences, different needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.00,0:14:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We like different things.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.00,0:14:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're all different sizes and our companies the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.00,0:14:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Businesses want different things.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.00,0:14:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without a doubt in my mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.00,0:14:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that this technology
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.00,0:14:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to cause a manufacturing revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.00,0:14:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and will change the landscape of manufacturing as we know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.00,0:14:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.00,0:14:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)