WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.000 It is actually a reality today 00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:07.000 that you can download products from the Web -- 00:00:07.000 --> 00:00:10.000 product data, I should say, from the Web -- 00:00:10.000 --> 00:00:13.000 perhaps tweak it and personalize it 00:00:13.000 --> 00:00:15.000 to your own preference or your own taste, 00:00:15.000 --> 00:00:18.000 and have that information sent 00:00:18.000 --> 00:00:21.000 to a desktop machine 00:00:21.000 --> 00:00:23.000 that will fabricate it for you on the spot. 00:00:23.000 --> 00:00:25.000 We can actually build for you, 00:00:25.000 --> 00:00:27.000 very rapidly, 00:00:27.000 --> 00:00:30.000 a physical object. 00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:32.000 And the reason we can do this 00:00:32.000 --> 00:00:34.000 is through an emerging technology 00:00:34.000 --> 00:00:36.000 called additive manufacturing, 00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:39.000 or 3D printing. NOTE Paragraph 00:00:39.000 --> 00:00:41.000 This is a 3D printer. 00:00:41.000 --> 00:00:43.000 They have been around 00:00:43.000 --> 00:00:45.000 for almost 30 years now, 00:00:45.000 --> 00:00:47.000 which is quite amazing to think of, 00:00:47.000 --> 00:00:49.000 but they're only just starting 00:00:49.000 --> 00:00:51.000 to filter into the public arena. 00:00:51.000 --> 00:00:54.000 And typically, you would take data, 00:00:54.000 --> 00:00:57.000 like the data of a pen here, 00:00:57.000 --> 00:01:00.000 which would be a geometric representation of that product in 3D, 00:01:00.000 --> 00:01:02.000 and we would pass that data with material 00:01:02.000 --> 00:01:04.000 into a machine. 00:01:04.000 --> 00:01:06.000 And a process that would happen in the machine 00:01:06.000 --> 00:01:08.000 would mean layer by layer that product would be built. 00:01:08.000 --> 00:01:11.000 And we can take out the physical product, 00:01:11.000 --> 00:01:13.000 and ready to use, 00:01:13.000 --> 00:01:16.000 or to, perhaps, assemble into something else. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:16.000 --> 00:01:19.000 But if these machines have been around for almost 30 years, 00:01:19.000 --> 00:01:21.000 why don't we know about them? 00:01:21.000 --> 00:01:24.000 Because typically they've been too inefficient, 00:01:24.000 --> 00:01:27.000 inaccessible, 00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:29.000 they've not been fast enough, 00:01:29.000 --> 00:01:31.000 they've been quite expensive. 00:01:31.000 --> 00:01:33.000 But today, 00:01:33.000 --> 00:01:35.000 it is becoming a reality 00:01:35.000 --> 00:01:37.000 that they are now becoming successful. 00:01:37.000 --> 00:01:39.000 Many barriers are breaking down. 00:01:39.000 --> 00:01:41.000 That means that you guys 00:01:41.000 --> 00:01:43.000 will soon be able to access one of these machines, 00:01:43.000 --> 00:01:46.000 if not this minute. 00:01:46.000 --> 00:01:48.000 And it will change and disrupt 00:01:48.000 --> 00:01:50.000 the landscape of manufacturing, 00:01:50.000 --> 00:01:53.000 and most certainly our lives, our businesses 00:01:53.000 --> 00:01:55.000 and the lives of our children. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:55.000 --> 00:01:58.000 So how does it work? 00:01:58.000 --> 00:02:00.000 It typically reads CAD data, 00:02:00.000 --> 00:02:02.000 which is a product design data 00:02:02.000 --> 00:02:04.000 created on professional product design programs. 00:02:04.000 --> 00:02:06.000 And here you can see an engineer -- 00:02:06.000 --> 00:02:09.000 it could be an architect or it could be a professional product designer -- 00:02:09.000 --> 00:02:12.000 create a product in 3D. 00:02:12.000 --> 00:02:14.000 And this data gets sent to a machine 00:02:14.000 --> 00:02:17.000 that slices the data 00:02:17.000 --> 00:02:19.000 into two-dimensional representations of that product 00:02:19.000 --> 00:02:21.000 all the way through -- 00:02:21.000 --> 00:02:24.000 almost like slicing it like salami. 00:02:24.000 --> 00:02:27.000 And that data, layer by layer, gets passed through the machine, 00:02:27.000 --> 00:02:29.000 starting at the base of the product 00:02:29.000 --> 00:02:32.000 and depositing material, layer upon layer, 00:02:32.000 --> 00:02:36.000 infusing the new layer of materials to the old layer 00:02:36.000 --> 00:02:38.000 in an additive process. 00:02:38.000 --> 00:02:41.000 And this material that's deposited 00:02:41.000 --> 00:02:43.000 either starts as a liquid form 00:02:43.000 --> 00:02:46.000 or a material powder form. 00:02:46.000 --> 00:02:48.000 And the bonding process can happen 00:02:48.000 --> 00:02:51.000 by either melting and depositing or depositing then melting. 00:02:51.000 --> 00:02:54.000 In this case, we can see a laser sintering machine developed by EOS. 00:02:54.000 --> 00:02:56.000 It's actually using a laser 00:02:56.000 --> 00:02:59.000 to fuse the new layer of material to the old layer. 00:02:59.000 --> 00:03:01.000 And over time -- 00:03:01.000 --> 00:03:03.000 quite rapidly actually, in a number of hours -- 00:03:03.000 --> 00:03:05.000 we can build a physical product, 00:03:05.000 --> 00:03:07.000 ready to take out of the machine and use. 00:03:07.000 --> 00:03:11.000 And this is quite an extraordinary idea, 00:03:11.000 --> 00:03:14.000 but it is reality today. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:14.000 --> 00:03:17.000 So all these products that you can see on the screen 00:03:17.000 --> 00:03:19.000 were made in the same way. 00:03:19.000 --> 00:03:21.000 They were all 3D printed. 00:03:21.000 --> 00:03:23.000 And you can see, 00:03:23.000 --> 00:03:25.000 they're ranging from shoes, 00:03:25.000 --> 00:03:28.000 rings that were made out of stainless steal, 00:03:28.000 --> 00:03:30.000 phone covers out of plastic, 00:03:30.000 --> 00:03:33.000 all the way through to spinal implants, for example, 00:03:33.000 --> 00:03:35.000 that were created out of medical-grade titanium, 00:03:35.000 --> 00:03:37.000 and engine parts. 00:03:37.000 --> 00:03:39.000 But what you'll notice about all of these products 00:03:39.000 --> 00:03:41.000 is they're very, very intricate. 00:03:41.000 --> 00:03:44.000 The design is quite extraordinary. 00:03:44.000 --> 00:03:47.000 Because we're taking this data in 3D form, 00:03:47.000 --> 00:03:50.000 slicing it up before it gets past the machine, 00:03:50.000 --> 00:03:52.000 we can actually create structures 00:03:52.000 --> 00:03:54.000 that are more intricate 00:03:54.000 --> 00:03:57.000 than any other manufacturing technology -- 00:03:57.000 --> 00:04:01.000 or, in fact, are impossible to build in any other way. 00:04:01.000 --> 00:04:04.000 And you can create parts with moving components, 00:04:04.000 --> 00:04:06.000 hinges, parts within parts. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:06.000 --> 00:04:09.000 So in some cases, we can abolish totally 00:04:09.000 --> 00:04:11.000 the need for manual labor. 00:04:11.000 --> 00:04:13.000 It sounds great. 00:04:13.000 --> 00:04:15.000 It is great. 00:04:15.000 --> 00:04:17.000 We can have 3D printers today 00:04:17.000 --> 00:04:19.000 that build structures like these. 00:04:19.000 --> 00:04:22.000 This is almost three meters high. 00:04:22.000 --> 00:04:24.000 And this was built 00:04:24.000 --> 00:04:27.000 by depositing artificial sandstone layer upon layer 00:04:27.000 --> 00:04:31.000 in layers of about five millimeters to 10 mm in thickness -- 00:04:31.000 --> 00:04:33.000 slowly growing this structure. 00:04:33.000 --> 00:04:36.000 This was created by an architectural firm called Shiro. 00:04:36.000 --> 00:04:38.000 And you can actually walk into it. 00:04:38.000 --> 00:04:40.000 And on the other end of the spectrum, 00:04:40.000 --> 00:04:42.000 this is a microstructure. 00:04:42.000 --> 00:04:44.000 It's created depositing layers 00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:47.000 of about four microns. 00:04:47.000 --> 00:04:50.000 So really the resolution is quite incredible. 00:04:50.000 --> 00:04:52.000 The detail that you can get today 00:04:52.000 --> 00:04:55.000 is quite amazing. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:55.000 --> 00:04:57.000 So who's using it? 00:04:57.000 --> 00:05:00.000 Typically, because we can create products very rapidly, 00:05:00.000 --> 00:05:03.000 it's been used by product designers, 00:05:03.000 --> 00:05:06.000 or anyone who wanted to prototype a product 00:05:06.000 --> 00:05:09.000 and very quickly create or reiterate a design. 00:05:09.000 --> 00:05:13.000 And actually what's quite amazing about this technology as well 00:05:13.000 --> 00:05:16.000 is that you can create bespoke products en masse. 00:05:16.000 --> 00:05:19.000 There's very little economies of scale. 00:05:19.000 --> 00:05:22.000 So you can now create one-offs very easily. 00:05:22.000 --> 00:05:24.000 Architects, for example, 00:05:24.000 --> 00:05:26.000 they want to create prototypes of buildings. 00:05:26.000 --> 00:05:28.000 Again you can see, 00:05:28.000 --> 00:05:31.000 this is a building of the Free University in Berlin 00:05:31.000 --> 00:05:33.000 and it was designed by Foster and Partners. 00:05:33.000 --> 00:05:36.000 Again, not buildable in any other way. 00:05:36.000 --> 00:05:39.000 And very hard to even create this by hand. NOTE Paragraph 00:05:41.000 --> 00:05:44.000 Now this is an engine component. 00:05:44.000 --> 00:05:47.000 It was developed by a company called Within Technologies 00:05:47.000 --> 00:05:50.000 and 3T RPD. 00:05:50.000 --> 00:05:52.000 It's very, very, very detailed 00:05:52.000 --> 00:05:54.000 inside with the design. 00:05:54.000 --> 00:05:56.000 Now 3D printing 00:05:56.000 --> 00:05:58.000 can break away barriers in design 00:05:58.000 --> 00:06:00.000 which challenge the constraints 00:06:00.000 --> 00:06:02.000 of mass production. 00:06:02.000 --> 00:06:05.000 If we slice into this product which is actually sitting here, 00:06:05.000 --> 00:06:09.000 you can see that it has a number of cooling channels pass through it, 00:06:09.000 --> 00:06:12.000 which means it's a more efficient product. 00:06:12.000 --> 00:06:15.000 You can't create this with standard manufacturing techniques 00:06:15.000 --> 00:06:17.000 even if you tried to do it manually. 00:06:17.000 --> 00:06:19.000 It's more efficient 00:06:19.000 --> 00:06:22.000 because we can now create all these cavities within the object 00:06:22.000 --> 00:06:24.000 that cool fluid. 00:06:24.000 --> 00:06:26.000 And it's used by aerospace 00:06:26.000 --> 00:06:29.000 and automotive. 00:06:29.000 --> 00:06:32.000 It's a lighter part 00:06:32.000 --> 00:06:34.000 and it uses less material waste. 00:06:34.000 --> 00:06:37.000 So it's overall performance and efficiency 00:06:37.000 --> 00:06:40.000 just exceeds standard mass produced products. NOTE Paragraph 00:06:40.000 --> 00:06:42.000 And then taking this idea 00:06:42.000 --> 00:06:44.000 of creating a very detailed structure, 00:06:44.000 --> 00:06:46.000 we can apply it to honeycomb structures 00:06:46.000 --> 00:06:49.000 and use them within implants. 00:06:49.000 --> 00:06:51.000 Typically an implant 00:06:51.000 --> 00:06:53.000 is more effective within the body 00:06:53.000 --> 00:06:55.000 if it's more porous, 00:06:55.000 --> 00:06:57.000 because our body tissue will grow into it. 00:06:57.000 --> 00:07:00.000 There's a lower chance of rejection. 00:07:00.000 --> 00:07:03.000 But it's very hard to create that in standard ways. 00:07:03.000 --> 00:07:05.000 With 3D printing, 00:07:05.000 --> 00:07:07.000 we're seeing today 00:07:07.000 --> 00:07:09.000 that we can create much better implants. 00:07:09.000 --> 00:07:11.000 And in fact, because we can create 00:07:11.000 --> 00:07:14.000 bespoke products en masse, one-offs, 00:07:14.000 --> 00:07:16.000 we can create implants 00:07:16.000 --> 00:07:18.000 that are specific to individuals. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:18.000 --> 00:07:20.000 So as you can see, 00:07:20.000 --> 00:07:24.000 this technology and the quality of what comes out of the machines is fantastic. 00:07:24.000 --> 00:07:26.000 And we're starting to see it being used 00:07:26.000 --> 00:07:28.000 for final end products. 00:07:28.000 --> 00:07:30.000 And in fact, as the detail is improving, 00:07:30.000 --> 00:07:32.000 the quality is improving, 00:07:32.000 --> 00:07:35.000 the price of the machines are falling 00:07:35.000 --> 00:07:37.000 and they're becoming quicker. 00:07:37.000 --> 00:07:39.000 They're also now small enough 00:07:39.000 --> 00:07:41.000 to sit on a desktop. 00:07:41.000 --> 00:07:43.000 You can buy a machine today for about $300 00:07:43.000 --> 00:07:45.000 that you can create yourself, 00:07:45.000 --> 00:07:47.000 which is quite incredible. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:47.000 --> 00:07:49.000 But then it begs the question, 00:07:49.000 --> 00:07:52.000 why don't we all have one in our home? 00:07:52.000 --> 00:07:54.000 Because, simply, most of us here today 00:07:54.000 --> 00:07:56.000 don't know how to create the data 00:07:56.000 --> 00:07:58.000 that a 3D printer reads. 00:07:58.000 --> 00:08:00.000 If I gave you a 3D printer, 00:08:00.000 --> 00:08:02.000 you wouldn't know how to direct it 00:08:02.000 --> 00:08:04.000 to make what you want it to. 00:08:04.000 --> 00:08:06.000 But there are more and more 00:08:06.000 --> 00:08:08.000 technologies, software and processes today 00:08:08.000 --> 00:08:10.000 that are breaking down those barriers. 00:08:10.000 --> 00:08:12.000 I believe we're at a tipping point 00:08:12.000 --> 00:08:15.000 where this is now something 00:08:15.000 --> 00:08:17.000 that we can't avoid. 00:08:17.000 --> 00:08:19.000 This technology 00:08:19.000 --> 00:08:21.000 is really going to disrupt 00:08:21.000 --> 00:08:23.000 the landscape of manufacturing 00:08:23.000 --> 00:08:25.000 and, I believe, cause a revolution 00:08:25.000 --> 00:08:27.000 in manufacturing. NOTE Paragraph 00:08:27.000 --> 00:08:29.000 So today, 00:08:29.000 --> 00:08:31.000 you can download products from the Web -- 00:08:31.000 --> 00:08:33.000 anything you would have on your desktop, 00:08:33.000 --> 00:08:36.000 like pens, whistles, lemon squeezers. 00:08:36.000 --> 00:08:39.000 You can use software like Google SketchUp 00:08:39.000 --> 00:08:41.000 to create products from scratch 00:08:41.000 --> 00:08:44.000 very easily. 00:08:44.000 --> 00:08:46.000 3D printing can be also used 00:08:46.000 --> 00:08:49.000 to download spare parts from the Web. 00:08:49.000 --> 00:08:51.000 So imagine you have, say, 00:08:51.000 --> 00:08:53.000 a Hoover in your home 00:08:53.000 --> 00:08:56.000 and it has broken down. You need a spare part, 00:08:56.000 --> 00:08:59.000 but you realize that Hoover's been discontinued. 00:08:59.000 --> 00:09:01.000 Can you imagine going online -- 00:09:01.000 --> 00:09:03.000 this is a reality -- 00:09:03.000 --> 00:09:05.000 and finding that spare part 00:09:05.000 --> 00:09:07.000 from a database of geometries 00:09:07.000 --> 00:09:09.000 of that discontinued product 00:09:09.000 --> 00:09:12.000 and downloading that information, that data, 00:09:12.000 --> 00:09:14.000 and having the product made for you at home, 00:09:14.000 --> 00:09:17.000 ready to use, on your demand? 00:09:17.000 --> 00:09:19.000 And in fact, because we can create spare parts 00:09:19.000 --> 00:09:21.000 with things the machines 00:09:21.000 --> 00:09:23.000 are quite literally making themselves. 00:09:23.000 --> 00:09:26.000 You're having machines fabricate themselves. 00:09:26.000 --> 00:09:28.000 These are parts of a RepRap machine, 00:09:28.000 --> 00:09:31.000 which is a kind of desktop printer. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:31.000 --> 00:09:34.000 But what interests my company the most 00:09:34.000 --> 00:09:36.000 is the fact that you can create 00:09:36.000 --> 00:09:39.000 individual unique products en masse. 00:09:39.000 --> 00:09:41.000 There's no need to do a run 00:09:41.000 --> 00:09:43.000 of thousands of millions 00:09:43.000 --> 00:09:46.000 or send that product to be injection molded in China. 00:09:46.000 --> 00:09:50.000 You can just make it physically on the spot. 00:09:50.000 --> 00:09:52.000 Which means 00:09:52.000 --> 00:09:54.000 that we can now present to the public 00:09:54.000 --> 00:09:57.000 the next generation of customization. 00:09:57.000 --> 00:09:59.000 This is something that is now possible today, 00:09:59.000 --> 00:10:01.000 that you can direct personally 00:10:01.000 --> 00:10:04.000 how you want your products to look. NOTE Paragraph 00:10:04.000 --> 00:10:06.000 We're all familiar with the idea 00:10:06.000 --> 00:10:08.000 of customization or personalization. 00:10:08.000 --> 00:10:10.000 Brands like Nike are doing it. 00:10:10.000 --> 00:10:12.000 It's all over the Web. 00:10:12.000 --> 00:10:14.000 In fact, every major household name 00:10:14.000 --> 00:10:16.000 is allowing you 00:10:16.000 --> 00:10:18.000 to interact with their products 00:10:18.000 --> 00:10:20.000 on a daily basis -- 00:10:20.000 --> 00:10:22.000 all the way from Smart Cars 00:10:22.000 --> 00:10:24.000 to Prada 00:10:24.000 --> 00:10:26.000 to Ray Ban, for example. 00:10:26.000 --> 00:10:28.000 But this is not really mass customization; 00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:30.000 it's known as variant production, 00:10:30.000 --> 00:10:33.000 variations of the same product. 00:10:33.000 --> 00:10:36.000 What you could do is really influence your product now 00:10:36.000 --> 00:10:39.000 and shape-manipulate your product. NOTE Paragraph 00:10:39.000 --> 00:10:41.000 I'm not sure about you guys, 00:10:41.000 --> 00:10:43.000 but I've had experiences 00:10:43.000 --> 00:10:45.000 when I've walked into a store and I've know exactly what I've wanted 00:10:45.000 --> 00:10:48.000 and I've searched everywhere for that perfect lamp 00:10:48.000 --> 00:10:50.000 that I know where I want to sit in my house 00:10:50.000 --> 00:10:52.000 and I just can't find the right thing, 00:10:52.000 --> 00:10:55.000 or that perfect piece of jewelry 00:10:55.000 --> 00:10:57.000 as a gift or for myself. 00:10:57.000 --> 00:10:59.000 Imagine that you can now 00:10:59.000 --> 00:11:02.000 engage with a brand 00:11:02.000 --> 00:11:04.000 and interact, 00:11:04.000 --> 00:11:07.000 so that you can pass your personal attributes 00:11:07.000 --> 00:11:11.000 to the products that you're about to buy. NOTE Paragraph 00:11:11.000 --> 00:11:13.000 You can today 00:11:13.000 --> 00:11:15.000 download a product with software like this, 00:11:15.000 --> 00:11:17.000 view the product in 3D. 00:11:17.000 --> 00:11:19.000 This is the sort of 3D data 00:11:19.000 --> 00:11:21.000 that a machine will read. 00:11:21.000 --> 00:11:23.000 This is a lamp. 00:11:23.000 --> 00:11:25.000 And you can start iterating the design. 00:11:25.000 --> 00:11:27.000 You can direct what color that product will be, 00:11:27.000 --> 00:11:29.000 perhaps what material. 00:11:29.000 --> 00:11:32.000 And also, you can engage in shape manipulation of that product, 00:11:32.000 --> 00:11:34.000 but within boundaries that are safe. 00:11:34.000 --> 00:11:37.000 Because obviously the public are not professional product designers. 00:11:37.000 --> 00:11:40.000 The piece of software will keep an individual 00:11:40.000 --> 00:11:44.000 within the bounds of the possible. 00:11:44.000 --> 00:11:46.000 And when somebody is ready to purchase the product 00:11:46.000 --> 00:11:48.000 in their personalized design, 00:11:48.000 --> 00:11:51.000 they click "Enter" and this data gets converted 00:11:51.000 --> 00:11:55.000 into the data that a 3D printer reads 00:11:55.000 --> 00:12:00.000 and gets passed to a 3D printer, 00:12:00.000 --> 00:12:03.000 perhaps on someone's desktop. NOTE Paragraph 00:12:03.000 --> 00:12:05.000 But I don't think that that's immediate. 00:12:05.000 --> 00:12:07.000 I don't think that will happen soon. 00:12:07.000 --> 00:12:09.000 What's more likely, and we're seeing it today, 00:12:09.000 --> 00:12:11.000 is that data gets sent 00:12:11.000 --> 00:12:13.000 to a local manufacturing center. 00:12:13.000 --> 00:12:16.000 This means lower carbon footprint. 00:12:16.000 --> 00:12:19.000 We're now, instead of shipping a product across the world, 00:12:19.000 --> 00:12:21.000 we're sending data across the Internet. 00:12:21.000 --> 00:12:24.000 Here's the product being built. 00:12:24.000 --> 00:12:26.000 You can see, this came out of the machine in one piece 00:12:26.000 --> 00:12:28.000 and the electronics were inserted later. 00:12:28.000 --> 00:12:30.000 It's this lamp, as you can see here. 00:12:30.000 --> 00:12:32.000 So as long as you have the data, 00:12:32.000 --> 00:12:34.000 you can create the part on demand. NOTE Paragraph 00:12:34.000 --> 00:12:36.000 And you don't necessarily need to use this 00:12:36.000 --> 00:12:38.000 for just aesthetic customization, 00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:40.000 you can use it for functional customization, 00:12:40.000 --> 00:12:42.000 scanning parts of the body 00:12:42.000 --> 00:12:44.000 and creating things that are made to fit. 00:12:44.000 --> 00:12:47.000 So we can run this through to something like prosthetics, 00:12:47.000 --> 00:12:50.000 which is highly specialized to an individual's handicap. 00:12:50.000 --> 00:12:54.000 Or we can create very specific prosthetics 00:12:54.000 --> 00:12:56.000 for that individual. 00:12:56.000 --> 00:12:58.000 Scanning teeth today, 00:12:58.000 --> 00:13:00.000 you can have your teeth scanned 00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:02.000 and dental coatings made in this way to fit you. 00:13:02.000 --> 00:13:04.000 While you wait at the dentist, 00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:07.000 a machine will quietly be creating this for you 00:13:07.000 --> 00:13:09.000 ready to insert in the teeth. NOTE Paragraph 00:13:09.000 --> 00:13:13.000 And the idea of now creating implants, 00:13:13.000 --> 00:13:16.000 scanning data, an MRI scan of somebody 00:13:16.000 --> 00:13:18.000 can now be converted into 3D data 00:13:18.000 --> 00:13:22.000 and we can create very specific implants for them. 00:13:22.000 --> 00:13:24.000 And applying this 00:13:24.000 --> 00:13:26.000 to the idea of building up what's in our bodies. 00:13:26.000 --> 00:13:29.000 You know, this is pair of lungs and the bronchial tree. 00:13:29.000 --> 00:13:31.000 It's very intricate. 00:13:31.000 --> 00:13:33.000 You couldn't really create this or simulate it in any other way. 00:13:33.000 --> 00:13:35.000 But with MRI data, 00:13:35.000 --> 00:13:37.000 we can just build the product, 00:13:37.000 --> 00:13:39.000 as you can see, very intricately. 00:13:41.000 --> 00:13:43.000 Using this process, 00:13:43.000 --> 00:13:46.000 pioneers in the industry are layering up cells today. 00:13:46.000 --> 00:13:49.000 So one of the pioneers, for example, is Dr. Anthony Atala, 00:13:49.000 --> 00:13:51.000 and he has been working 00:13:51.000 --> 00:13:53.000 on layering cells to create body parts -- 00:13:53.000 --> 00:13:57.000 bladders, valves, kidneys. 00:13:57.000 --> 00:13:59.000 Now this is not something that's ready for the public, 00:13:59.000 --> 00:14:02.000 but it is in working progress. NOTE Paragraph 00:14:02.000 --> 00:14:04.000 So just to finalize, we're all individual. 00:14:04.000 --> 00:14:07.000 We all have different preferences, different needs. 00:14:07.000 --> 00:14:09.000 We like different things. 00:14:09.000 --> 00:14:11.000 We're all different sizes and our companies the same. 00:14:11.000 --> 00:14:13.000 Businesses want different things. 00:14:13.000 --> 00:14:15.000 Without a doubt in my mind, 00:14:15.000 --> 00:14:17.000 I believe that this technology 00:14:17.000 --> 00:14:19.000 is going to cause a manufacturing revolution 00:14:19.000 --> 00:14:22.000 and will change the landscape of manufacturing as we know it. NOTE Paragraph 00:14:22.000 --> 00:14:24.000 Thank you. NOTE Paragraph 00:14:24.000 --> 00:14:28.000 (Applause)