Yes, I still have a little food for thought, which ame to my mind with this topic, and I viewed some youtube videos and one of these videos I have seen was the philosopher Daniel Danett, who told that neurobilogists expressed the theory that there is no free will in humans. So it happened that we made progress in brain research and I do not want to enter the details now. Anyway, by new techniques of neuro-imaging many things today can be seen. How new connections in the brain are built and so on, and from all these new findings they they tried to find the free will and did not find it, and by this they concluded: Free will does not exist, it is an illusion. Then the philosopher claimed thet from his point of view this is false. I myself see it the same way, there is something like free will and if we can not prove it with our means of investigation this does not mean that it does not exist. This only means that our means of investigation are not sufficient to find it, but the conclusion I consider to be false What do I want to say? The question is: you can define by the free will whether humans really have character, that they are persons and so on and similar I want to do this for animals. The question, whether an animal is a person or has a character. I do not want to lump this together. With this you can also answer, whether an animal has a free will or not. Following new results of the neurobiologists, neither animal nor man has a free will and this classification is futile following these findings. Somewhen I chatted with a pal abot the topic: Which person is most close to you? And I said: My rat. Then he said: I would not see the rat as a person. Then I began to think whether some humans see animals as persons and some don't. What is the reason for this difference? Do we need this distinction, and why? Last christmas, this is now about a month ago, I came a little closer to the solution. My grandma told that she has problems with mice in the barn , because they built a net somewhere during the winter, so she put toxic bait there to master this problem. And for me, who is living with rats this sonded like: You could say, in the barn a homeless has moved in to shelter from the cold, and of course I had to poison him. When I tell this I see someone is already laughing. Told this way it sounds very cruel. Without further thinking making cold who is only looking for a little warmth. On the other hand: If it is about an animal, it is somehow normal. Especially an animal you are used to poison like mice. That's the way it is. The I realized: If I have two behaviours which are identical, where only the victim is different, suddenly one behaviour is cruel, and the other behaviour is more or less normal. There is a contradiction in this. My grandma is a lovely person and I would not say she defines herself by the cruelness she causes these animals. For her this is simply something that has to be done. Apart of this, she is one of the nicest persons ever. Then it came to my mind: Could it be that we have to make the distinction that animals are something different than we are, or no persons, or of less value, so that we can mask our own cruelness? If we say we are cruel to some and very kind to others, this does not sound consistent. But when we say one is of another category than the other, and are applying double standards, then we can integrate our behaviours. It might be that someone does something cruel on the one hand and is a nice person on the other hand. The more I thought about it, the more I ralized that this scheme is to be found all over the world. For example in economy. We live in an economical very good land, but on the costs of countries in the third world. But we do not realize this, we fade out that we inflict atrocities for our good life. We have the mechanism of suppression which enables for us a good life. The mechanism makes us miss the consquences of our actions. Then the question came to me: Might it be that we classify many animals as of low value to appease our consciousnesses, not to be force to live with the cruelness we do to the world. With this thought I want to close Thank you Dr. Buschmann out of the off: This is called cognitive dissonance, a known phenomenon in man. For example there are simultaneoulsy animals as source of food in factory farms and on the other hand a pet dog, which is no match. A divergence of reasonings which are not comaptible, simply to appease the consciousness to be able to better live with this. The same scheme you can find in speciism, racism, group building, in economical and cultural differences. This is very widespread. Thank you for the expert's addition. For me it was the moment I realized this contrast. Thank you