Let's explain a bit the animation techniques.
So, for starters,
remember that animation is an illusion,
so everything you see is not real.
Even I am not really moving now.
You're just seeing a semplification...
...of the movement I made right now,
because the video camera takes thirty frames per second,
which simplify my movement...
...and create the illusion, but you don't really see the movement.
This illusion works incredibly well.
How does animation work?
Animation consists in:
instead of taking someone who is really moving,
and using a movie camera to record their movement...
...and creating a simulation,
we do the opposite.
There is no movie camera in animation.
There is none.
You don't need the techonolgy of the machine...
...recording you with thirty frames per second,
because each picture can be taken...
...potentially even years later.
Animation is that illusion in which I, human being,
take pictures whenever I want,
to create the illusion that something that can't actually move, is moving.
The most famous and used technique ever is the traditional.
The traditional technique consists in a drawing,
which gets redone from scratch,
and redone again,
and redone again.
Each drawing you make has some slight changes,
so when you see these drawings in sequence...
...it creates the illusion of movement.
Pretty simple concept, right? This is traditional animation.
Then it takes many names based on the support used to draw.
If you use a cel, that is an acetate sheet,
with a paper sheet, strapped together,
it's hard to explain, but that is an animation cel.
If you use a real classic drawing,
done by pen nib and all that,
that is traditional animation.
If you instead used the same technique,
but the sheet was digital...
...and the drawings are made on a tablet, for instance,
it's called paperless.
And it's the same as traditional technique,
there's simply no paper waste.
What if it's with pixels?
That's pixel animation.
Pixel animation is the same thing,
but the drawing this time is made...
...using little colored squares called pixels.
You could animate in any other way, using sand,
you could use any support...
...but if every time you have to redraw the character,
it's traditional animation.
Rotoscope is one of the types of traditional animation.
What is the rotoscope?
It's the same thing, but I didn't make up a drawing,
I filmed a person...
...and now I'm tracing the individual frames.
There are also full movies made with rotoscope,
tv series made with rotoscope,
but in the past the rotoscope was mainly used...
...to create more realistic humans,
who perhaps could be a bit unsettling...
...and, I don't know, give off a strange feeling.
In Pinocchio and 101 Dalmatians...
...the vehicles are animated with rotoscope,
so there are tiny models that actually move,
they are filmed and then the movement is traced.
In The Lord of the Rings everything is in rotoscope,
there are real people actually moving,
that get traced later.
Nowadays we hear much about cel-shading.
What is cel-shading?
It's just an effect you apply to your drawing.
So you make traditional animation,
usually paperless, all chill,
but then you use the computer to help you with the lights.
And maybe some other details too.
That's what happened in Klaus for example.
So you drew everything by hand,
the lights are simply done with the computer.
Disney already used another technology called C.A.P.S.,
which allowed it to create drawings on paper...
...then move them to the computer...
...and handling them as it pleased.
But you got the gist: there's traditional animation,
then there are the variants.
The thousand ways to do it.
Then there is stopmotion.
Stopmotion is one of the most talked about techniques ever,
everyone knows the word stopmotion.
And stopmotion animation,
or stop frame, is the animation where you take an inanimate object...
...and you take a series of pictures...
Don't take pictures while you move the object,
do it when it's alone, so it will seem that it moved.
The stopmotion type that almost everyone thinks about is puppet,
that is when you use the so called articulated toys...
...which move bit by bit by taking many pictures.
In traditional animation,
if a character jumps it's not hard...
...nor different than making it roll.
In stopmotion animation,
making a character jump means having to find a special effect...
...or visual effect that lets you hide the fact...
...that the toy can't stay hanging in the air...
...to get a picture taken.
So you need an alternative solution in order to have it hanging,
looking like it's jumping but it's really not.
So in stopmotion things like rain are very hard to achieve,
when in traditional animation it takes nothing.
However if your stopmotion toy isn't just a toy,
but you can actually modify it,
you can reshape it because it's made of clay,
we're talking about claymation.
Claymation.
Not claymotion as I said in the last video.
I said it because it's easy to make mistakes,
but I swear that actually no, it's always been claymation.
And claymation is the same as stopmotion,
but you can actually change your characters,
modify them, and use a lot of clay or modelling materials.
Then there's cut-out, same as stopmotion...
...but you move pieces of cut paper on a sheet of paper.
You're not redrawing the characters,
because the face and the body are still the same.
You are moving them with the stopmotion technique,
but the visual result is much more similar to the traditional technique.
It's the animation you always saw with South Park, for example.
But careful, because South Park at some point changed technique.