WEBVTT

00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.249
Let's explain a bit
the animation techniques.

00:00:02.249 --> 00:00:04.078
So, for starters,

00:00:04.078 --> 00:00:06.923
remember that animation is an illusion,

00:00:06.923 --> 00:00:09.103
so everything you see is not real.

00:00:09.103 --> 00:00:11.482
Even I am not really moving now.

00:00:11.482 --> 00:00:14.366
You're just seeing a semplification...

00:00:14.366 --> 00:00:16.796
...of the movement I made right now,

00:00:16.796 --> 00:00:21.281
because the video camera takes
thirty frames per second,

00:00:21.281 --> 00:00:23.343
which simplify my movement...

00:00:23.343 --> 00:00:27.146
...and create the illusion,
but you don't really see the movement.

00:00:27.146 --> 00:00:29.867
This illusion works incredibly well.

00:00:29.867 --> 00:00:31.228
How does animation work?

00:00:31.228 --> 00:00:33.008
Animation consists in:

00:00:33.008 --> 00:00:37.777
instead of taking someone
who is really moving,

00:00:37.777 --> 00:00:43.487
and using a movie camera
to record their movement...

00:00:43.487 --> 00:00:45.212
...and creating a simulation,

00:00:45.212 --> 00:00:46.375
we do the opposite.

00:00:46.375 --> 00:00:48.799
There is no movie camera in animation.

00:00:48.799 --> 00:00:49.777
There is none.

00:00:50.271 --> 00:00:52.832
You don't need
the techonolgy of the machine...

00:00:52.832 --> 00:00:55.888
...recording you
with thirty frames per second,

00:00:55.888 --> 00:00:58.102
because each picture can be taken...

00:00:58.102 --> 00:01:00.524
...potentially even years later.

00:01:01.098 --> 00:01:05.535
Animation is that illusion
in which I, human being,

00:01:05.535 --> 00:01:09.918
take pictures whenever I want,

00:01:09.918 --> 00:01:15.626
to create the illusion that something
that can't actually move, is moving.

00:01:15.832 --> 00:01:20.300
The most famous and used
technique ever is the traditional.

00:01:20.300 --> 00:01:23.715
The traditional technique
consists in a drawing,

00:01:23.715 --> 00:01:25.783
which gets redone from scratch,

00:01:25.783 --> 00:01:28.055
and redone again,

00:01:28.055 --> 00:01:30.099
and redone again.

00:01:30.099 --> 00:01:32.909
Each drawing you make has
some slight changes,

00:01:32.909 --> 00:01:35.810
so when you see
these drawings in sequence...

00:01:35.810 --> 00:01:37.680
...it creates
the illusion of movement.

00:01:37.680 --> 00:01:41.183
Pretty simple concept, right?
This is traditional animation.

00:01:41.183 --> 00:01:45.699
Then it takes many names
based on the support used to draw.

00:01:45.699 --> 00:01:48.874
If you use a cel,
that is an acetate sheet,

00:01:48.874 --> 00:01:51.166
with a paper sheet, strapped together,

00:01:51.166 --> 00:01:54.026
it's hard to explain,
but that is an animation cel.

00:01:54.026 --> 00:01:56.636
If you use a real classic drawing,

00:01:56.636 --> 00:01:58.836
done by pen nib and all that,

00:01:58.836 --> 00:02:00.624
that is traditional animation.

00:02:00.624 --> 00:02:03.764
If you instead used
the same technique,

00:02:03.764 --> 00:02:05.994
but the sheet was digital...

00:02:05.994 --> 00:02:09.634
...and the drawings are made
on a tablet, for instance,

00:02:09.634 --> 00:02:11.026
it's called paperless.

00:02:11.026 --> 00:02:13.283
And it's the same as
traditional technique,

00:02:13.283 --> 00:02:15.517
there's simply no paper waste.

00:02:15.586 --> 00:02:16.956
What if it's with pixels?

00:02:16.956 --> 00:02:18.281
That's pixel animation.

00:02:18.452 --> 00:02:20.924
Pixel animation is the same thing,

00:02:20.924 --> 00:02:23.074
but the drawing this time is made...

00:02:23.074 --> 00:02:25.791
...using little colored
squares called pixels.

00:02:25.935 --> 00:02:29.341
You could animate
in any other way, using sand,

00:02:29.341 --> 00:02:31.244
you could use any support...

00:02:31.244 --> 00:02:34.082
...but if every time
you have to redraw the character,

00:02:34.082 --> 00:02:35.432
it's traditional animation.

00:02:35.740 --> 00:02:39.327
Rotoscope is one of the types
of traditional animation.

00:02:39.327 --> 00:02:40.720
What is the rotoscope?

00:02:40.720 --> 00:02:43.830
It's the same thing,
but I didn't make up a drawing,

00:02:43.830 --> 00:02:45.679
I filmed a person...

00:02:45.679 --> 00:02:48.673
...and now I'm tracing
the individual frames.

00:02:48.673 --> 00:02:52.168
There are also full movies
made with rotoscope,

00:02:52.168 --> 00:02:54.623
tv series made with rotoscope,

00:02:54.623 --> 00:02:58.043
but in the past
the rotoscope was mainly used...

00:02:58.043 --> 00:03:00.247
...to create more realistic humans,

00:03:00.247 --> 00:03:03.147
who perhaps could
be a bit unsettling...

00:03:03.147 --> 00:03:05.692
...and, I don't know,
give off a strange feeling.

00:03:05.692 --> 00:03:07.677
In Pinocchio and 101 Dalmatians...

00:03:07.677 --> 00:03:10.097
...the vehicles are animated
with rotoscope,

00:03:10.097 --> 00:03:12.827
so there are tiny models
that actually move,

00:03:12.827 --> 00:03:15.284
they are filmed and then
the movement is traced.

00:03:15.284 --> 00:03:17.981
In The Lord of the Rings
everything is in rotoscope,

00:03:17.981 --> 00:03:21.101
there are real people actually moving,

00:03:21.101 --> 00:03:22.441
that get traced later.

00:03:22.441 --> 00:03:24.855
Nowadays we hear much
about cel-shading.

00:03:24.855 --> 00:03:26.109
What is cel-shading?

00:03:26.109 --> 00:03:28.516
It's just an effect
you apply to your drawing.

00:03:28.516 --> 00:03:30.481
So you make traditional animation,

00:03:30.481 --> 00:03:33.285
usually paperless, all chill,

00:03:33.855 --> 00:03:37.996
but then you use the computer
to help you with the lights.

00:03:37.996 --> 00:03:40.226
And maybe some other details too.

00:03:40.226 --> 00:03:42.336
That's what happened
in Klaus for example.

00:03:42.336 --> 00:03:44.190
So you drew everything by hand,

00:03:44.190 --> 00:03:46.834
the lights are simply
done with the computer.

00:03:46.834 --> 00:03:49.954
Disney already used
another technology called C.A.P.S.,

00:03:49.954 --> 00:03:53.284
which allowed it
to create drawings on paper...

00:03:53.284 --> 00:03:55.014
...then move them to the computer...

00:03:55.014 --> 00:03:56.989
...and handling them as it pleased.

00:03:56.989 --> 00:04:00.221
But you got the gist:
there's traditional animation,

00:04:00.221 --> 00:04:01.681
then there are the variants.

00:04:01.681 --> 00:04:03.371
The thousand ways to do it.

00:04:03.371 --> 00:04:04.944
Then there is stopmotion.

00:04:04.944 --> 00:04:08.994
Stopmotion is one of the most
talked about techniques ever,

00:04:08.994 --> 00:04:11.043
everyone knows the word stopmotion.

00:04:11.043 --> 00:04:12.719
And stopmotion animation,

00:04:12.719 --> 00:04:17.329
or stop frame, is the animation
where you take an inanimate object...

00:04:17.329 --> 00:04:19.642
...and you take a series of pictures...

00:04:20.617 --> 00:04:23.181
Don't take pictures
while you move the object,

00:04:23.181 --> 00:04:27.090
do it when it's alone,
so it will seem that it moved.

00:04:27.090 --> 00:04:30.236


00:04:30.236 --> 00:04:35.674


00:04:35.674 --> 00:04:39.640


00:04:39.640 --> 00:04:41.092


00:04:41.092 --> 00:04:44.882


00:04:44.882 --> 00:04:46.870


00:04:46.870 --> 00:04:48.330


00:04:48.330 --> 00:04:52.330


00:04:52.330 --> 00:04:55.214


00:04:55.214 --> 00:04:58.348


00:04:58.348 --> 00:04:59.849


00:04:59.849 --> 00:05:03.633


00:05:03.633 --> 00:05:06.156


00:05:06.156 --> 00:05:09.818


00:05:09.818 --> 00:05:12.047


00:05:12.047 --> 00:05:16.047


00:05:16.047 --> 00:05:17.541


00:05:17.541 --> 00:05:20.294


00:05:20.294 --> 00:05:22.032


00:05:22.551 --> 00:05:23.816 line:1


00:05:24.579 --> 00:05:27.080


00:05:27.080 --> 00:05:29.980


00:05:29.980 --> 00:05:33.022


00:05:33.473 --> 00:05:35.893


00:05:35.893 --> 00:05:39.009


00:05:39.009 --> 00:05:43.009


00:05:43.009 --> 00:05:45.399


00:05:45.399 --> 00:05:49.621


00:05:49.926 --> 00:05:51.892


00:05:51.892 --> 00:05:54.749


00:05:54.749 --> 00:05:57.268


00:05:57.268 --> 00:06:01.268


00:06:01.268 --> 00:06:04.449


00:06:04.449 --> 00:06:09.133


00:06:09.133 --> 00:06:12.128


00:06:12.128 --> 00:06:14.041


00:06:14.041 --> 00:06:16.301


00:06:16.301 --> 00:06:18.490


00:06:18.490 --> 00:06:19.410


00:06:19.410 --> 00:06:22.070


00:06:22.070 --> 00:06:24.083


00:06:24.286 --> 00:06:25.971


00:06:25.971 --> 00:06:28.947


00:06:28.947 --> 00:06:30.227


00:06:30.227 --> 00:06:32.577


00:06:32.577 --> 00:06:34.740


00:06:34.740 --> 00:06:36.784


00:06:36.784 --> 00:06:39.367


00:06:39.367 --> 00:06:43.121


00:06:43.121 --> 00:06:46.761


00:06:46.761 --> 00:06:49.490


00:06:49.490 --> 00:06:51.230


00:06:51.230 --> 00:06:53.146


00:06:53.277 --> 00:06:56.010


00:06:56.010 --> 00:06:58.023


00:06:58.023 --> 00:06:59.768


00:06:59.768 --> 00:07:02.688


00:07:02.688 --> 00:07:04.978


00:07:04.978 --> 00:07:08.223


00:07:08.223 --> 00:07:10.587


00:07:10.587 --> 00:07:14.934


00:07:14.934 --> 00:07:16.522


00:07:16.522 --> 00:07:19.164


00:07:19.164 --> 00:07:22.052


00:07:22.052 --> 00:07:26.052


00:07:26.052 --> 00:07:29.772


00:07:29.772 --> 00:07:33.254


00:07:33.254 --> 00:07:38.000


00:07:38.000 --> 00:07:41.665


00:07:41.665 --> 00:07:44.800


00:07:44.800 --> 00:07:47.608


00:07:47.608 --> 00:07:50.620


00:07:50.620 --> 00:07:52.340


00:07:52.340 --> 00:07:54.339


00:07:54.339 --> 00:07:56.182


00:07:56.261 --> 00:07:58.955


00:07:58.955 --> 00:08:02.065


00:08:02.065 --> 00:08:03.855


00:08:03.855 --> 00:08:07.855


00:08:08.223 --> 00:08:10.138


00:08:10.138 --> 00:08:12.878


00:08:12.878 --> 00:08:14.298


00:08:14.298 --> 00:08:17.165


00:08:17.165 --> 00:08:20.525


00:08:20.525 --> 00:08:25.440


00:08:25.440 --> 00:08:29.440


00:08:29.440 --> 00:08:31.258


00:08:31.258 --> 00:08:35.378


00:08:35.378 --> 00:08:37.708


00:08:37.708 --> 00:08:39.778


00:08:39.778 --> 00:08:42.448


00:08:42.448 --> 00:08:45.562


00:08:45.562 --> 00:08:47.316


00:08:47.316 --> 00:08:48.750


00:08:48.750 --> 00:08:51.348


00:08:51.348 --> 00:08:53.425


00:08:53.425 --> 00:08:56.915


00:08:56.915 --> 00:08:58.665


00:08:58.665 --> 00:08:59.888


00:08:59.888 --> 00:09:04.193


00:09:04.193 --> 00:09:08.113


00:09:08.113 --> 00:09:10.943


00:09:10.943 --> 00:09:15.329


00:09:15.329 --> 00:09:16.979


00:09:16.979 --> 00:09:19.877


00:09:19.877 --> 00:09:24.599


00:09:24.599 --> 00:09:27.675


00:09:27.675 --> 00:09:32.376


00:09:32.376 --> 00:09:36.266


00:09:36.266 --> 00:09:39.906


00:09:39.906 --> 00:09:42.176


00:09:42.176 --> 00:09:43.691


00:09:43.691 --> 00:09:46.656


00:09:46.656 --> 00:09:50.656


00:09:50.656 --> 00:09:55.233


00:09:55.233 --> 00:09:57.375


00:09:57.375 --> 00:10:00.190


00:10:00.190 --> 00:10:02.559


00:10:02.559 --> 00:10:04.799


00:10:04.799 --> 00:10:07.841


00:10:07.841 --> 00:10:10.727


00:10:10.727 --> 00:10:12.172


00:10:12.172 --> 00:10:13.822


00:10:13.822 --> 00:10:16.407


00:10:16.407 --> 00:10:18.247


00:10:18.247 --> 00:10:21.392


00:10:21.392 --> 00:10:24.412


00:10:24.412 --> 00:10:26.842


00:10:26.842 --> 00:10:30.842


00:10:30.842 --> 00:10:31.969


00:10:31.969 --> 00:10:34.940


00:10:34.940 --> 00:10:38.784


00:10:38.784 --> 00:10:40.881


00:10:40.881 --> 00:10:44.116


00:10:44.116 --> 00:10:47.139


00:10:47.139 --> 00:10:49.778


00:10:49.778 --> 00:10:52.333


00:10:52.333 --> 00:10:54.357


00:10:54.357 --> 00:10:57.034


00:10:57.034 --> 00:11:00.055


00:11:00.055 --> 00:11:02.443


00:11:02.443 --> 00:11:05.925


00:11:05.925 --> 00:11:11.454


00:11:11.454 --> 00:11:15.004


00:11:15.004 --> 00:11:16.481


00:11:16.481 --> 00:11:19.456


00:11:19.456 --> 00:11:22.228


00:11:22.228 --> 00:11:25.232


00:11:25.232 --> 00:11:27.352


00:11:27.352 --> 00:11:30.821


00:11:30.821 --> 00:11:34.434


00:11:34.434 --> 00:11:37.687


00:11:37.687 --> 00:11:41.687


00:11:41.687 --> 00:11:43.667


00:11:43.667 --> 00:11:46.824


00:11:46.824 --> 00:11:49.384


00:11:49.384 --> 00:11:54.759


00:11:54.759 --> 00:11:55.857


00:11:55.857 --> 00:11:58.816


00:11:58.816 --> 00:12:01.981


00:12:01.981 --> 00:12:05.367


00:12:05.000 --> 00:12:08.150