[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.01,0:00:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(lift)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.18,0:00:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(lift 12 - Feb 24 2012 - Geneva)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.24,0:00:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Rufus Pollock - Stories)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.04,0:00:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Rufus Pollock] Just to say for those of you who don't know:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.79,0:00:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Open Knowledge Foundation is a not-profit -- not for profit
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.67,0:00:15.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,founded in 2004
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.61,0:00:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which builds tools and communities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.86,0:00:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create, use and share open information
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.93,0:00:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's information that anyone can use, reuse and redistribute.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.58,0:00:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as such, we've been working on open data for quite a long time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.32,0:00:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since we started in 2004.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.01,0:00:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today, I want to start the story by going back in time 5000 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.82,0:00:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to ancient Mesopotamia.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.61,0:00:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.07,0:00:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flourished the Sumerian civilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.39,0:00:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they were confronted by a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.30,0:00:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were confronted by the limitations of human memory
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.90,0:00:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the recording of taxes, food and other goods.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.34,0:00:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those ancient civil servants and businessmen hit on a novel solution:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.38,0:01:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they decided to do was they would start counting things with small clay chits,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.67,0:01:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which they would bake inside of a clay -- a little clay box
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.23,0:01:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then mark, on the outside of that box, what they were counting.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.62,0:01:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, was it grain, was it tax payments, whatever.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.15,0:01:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, born out of necessity for a state and a society,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.63,0:01:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came one of the great information technology revolutions of all time: writing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.77,0:01:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Sumerians invented writing via cuneiform.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.91,0:01:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we fast-forward from that a few thousand years, we come to the UK census.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.04,0:01:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, it's always interesting that states, governments are often at the forefront
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.58,0:01:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of at least driving information technology and information systems innovations.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.68,0:01:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The UK census: again, the state,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.65,0:01:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is during the Napoleon Wars,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.56,0:01:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,desired to count the population more accurately:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.60,0:01:51.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have the first UK census in 1801.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.100,0:01:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the US, they also had censuses, in fact starting in 1790.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.82,0:01:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the problems encountered in the 1880 census
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.38,0:02:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was they tabulated the census by hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.34,0:02:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the 1880 census, it was taking seven years
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.70,0:02:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tabulate the census.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.82,0:02:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So after it got taken in 1880, it wasn't until 1887
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.24,0:02:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually had any data they could use.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.89,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they calculated that for the next census in 1890,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they wouldn't be finished by 1900.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.16,0:02:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They still wouldn't have the results of the census by the time they started the next one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.94,0:02:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had a crisis of information technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.23,0:02:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what they went and did is they commissioned Herman Hollerith
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.98,0:02:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build the first automatic tabulator.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.75,0:02:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for those of you who know your company history, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.84,0:02:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herman Hollerith's company went on
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.51,0:02:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be one of the founders, if you like,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.90,0:02:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the companies that came and created IBM.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.81,0:02:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And IBM, by the sixties, were building this
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.26,0:02:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- they replaced those hand --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.37,0:02:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those kind of wooden, mechanical tabulators
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.90,0:02:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this stuff: digital tabulators,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.52,0:02:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the modern computer of this age.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.38,0:02:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, much of this -- I don't know if you guys know --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.61,0:02:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,IBM would have gone bankrupt
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.70,0:02:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it hadn't been for Franklin Roosevelt passing the Social Security Act in the States,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.48,0:03:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which necessitated a huge amount of new tabulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.13,0:03:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, again, a lot of innovation in this space came out of government need
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.63,0:03:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also, of course, the nuclear program,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.37,0:03:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other great needer of computational power.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.32,0:03:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today, today,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.62,0:03:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we find ourselves again in the midst of a revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.44,0:03:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a revolution driven by two needs:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.33,0:03:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ones that have been the same throughout history as I've just shown,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.03,0:03:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information complexity, which is the necessity,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.46,0:03:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and information technology, which is the opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.54,0:03:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we're doing in this case is a policy innovation, if you like.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.70,0:03:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are innovating by opening up information.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.05,0:03:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just take the obvious example, government,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.44,0:03:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I said, often the innovator.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.10,0:03:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the last -- 3 years ago, you go back 3 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.31,0:03:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's almost no open government data initiatives
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.83,0:03:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.69,0:03:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today there are dozens.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.44,0:03:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The UK, the US, Finland, Kenya, The Netherlands,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.16,0:03:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's new ones almost every week.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.05,0:03:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's been a launch of an official kind of movement as a part of the UN
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.41,0:04:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the Open Government Partnership in which countries sign up,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.10,0:04:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and among other things, they open up their data.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, it's been, in the UK and other countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.32,0:04:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tim Berners-Lee has been involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.56,0:04:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've helped advise the government around this in the UK.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.11,0:04:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not just government, it's also companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.65,0:04:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Companies are opening up data.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.98,0:04:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very interestingly, last year,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.69,0:04:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nike started an open data initiative there
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.09,0:04:21.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to open up supply chain and sustainability data,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.37,0:04:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for themselves and also for their suppliers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.93,0:04:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I think is a very interesting change.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.80,0:04:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's also communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.00,0:04:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often, in fact, back there in the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.72,0:04:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this incredible map that you saw in an earlier slide,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.93,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a OpenStreetMap activity, around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.00,0:04:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People adding to this crowd-built map of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.07,0:04:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the last 6 years, OpenStreetMap,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.07,0:04:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a bottom-up community,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.44,0:04:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have built a complete, comprehensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.44,0:04:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,map of the world, of fully open data.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.87,0:04:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've just gone on about Open Data,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.90,0:04:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one thing I'm aware of, of this audience,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.77,0:04:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is you might not all know what it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.04,0:04:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to take a brief moment, a brief moment, to say what it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.15,0:05:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does it mean when I say 'open'?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.49,0:05:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And was it, you know, what's different from anything else? What's different from simply public data?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.56,0:05:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's actually a definition,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.08,0:05:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a definition we the Open Knowledge Foundation helped write, it's very simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.18,0:05:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a nutshell, a piece of information, a piece of data,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.67,0:05:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is open if anyone is free to use, reuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.38,0:05:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and redistribute it, subject only at most
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.80,0:05:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a requirement to attribute and share alike.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.21,0:05:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And anyone means anyone!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.78,0:05:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't mean -- there can't be any commercial restrictions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.06,0:05:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't say: hey, here's this data, but only people using it for non-commercial purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.26,0:05:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or only people working in education.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.85,0:05:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or only people living in the developing world, or the developed world.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.05,0:05:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There can't be any restrictions like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.34,0:05:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a reason for this, by the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.21,0:05:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it isn't just because one's obsessed about if you like, trademarking an attractive term.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.32,0:05:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because it's about interoperability.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.29,0:05:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of my experiences at this conference, which I remember from previous trips to Geneva,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.63,0:05:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is I've been unable to plug in my laptop!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.97,0:06:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though I have a French adaptor, in fact, these wonderful Swiss plugs here, are, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.05,0:06:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these wonderful, small octagonal shape.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.58,0:06:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even with my adaptor I can't plug in.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.38,0:06:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? And it's called interoperability.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.35,0:06:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we travel around to different countries, our power adaptors don't actually fit in.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.93,0:06:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to buy something.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.58,0:06:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the point about this definition, and the point about caring about Open Data,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.76,0:06:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is, it's about interoperability.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.32,0:06:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dream of Open Data is interoperability.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.11,0:06:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of seamlessly being able to share and interweave information.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.90,0:06:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if every time I get information from two different people I have to consult a lawyer,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.70,0:06:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to work out whether I'm allowed to do it, whether I'm allowed to put these things together,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.30,0:06:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we lose that dream, that dream is shattered.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.63,0:06:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the key point is, this definition, and those conditions, ensure interoperability.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.17,0:06:45.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you comply with them, we know that any piece of info, of Open Data,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.74,0:06:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will work with any other piece of Open Data.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.68,0:06:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also, it's worth saying for a quick moment, what kind of data, and to emphasize a point.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.93,0:06:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just to foreclose those kinds of questions, otherwise I always get asked.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.98,0:06:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we talk about opening up data, in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.81,0:07:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not talking about personal data.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.03,0:07:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not talking about opening up your private health records
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.16,0:07:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or opening up your personal tax information.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.30,0:07:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're talking about information that is non-personal in nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.27,0:07:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for the government for example: transport, geodata, statistics, electoral, legal.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.67,0:07:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stuff that the UK has, in fact, for example been opening up over the last few years.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.51,0:07:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This financial information, on government spending, this information on health outcomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.38,0:07:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on prescriptions, this information on educational outcomes, this information on the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.62,0:07:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This information -- statistical information.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.78,0:07:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the kind of thing that we're talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.19,0:07:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I want to say, it's in this story, we have this story of over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.39,0:07:38.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why governments are doing it now?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.60,0:07:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why Open Data?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.27,0:07:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, okay, for thousands of years, governments innovate,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.93,0:07:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but why do they innovate at this particular moment and in this way?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.27,0:07:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want to start here with a quick story, a story of medicine gone wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.01,0:07:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is from a great book by a guy called Stephen Klaidman.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.48,0:07:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's in fact one of the things
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.92,0:07:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made me think quite deeply about this:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.78,0:07:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why I was interested in Open Data.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.17,0:08:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that picture there, you can see
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.92,0:08:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what was the Redding Medical Centre in Northern California.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.73,0:08:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, in 2002, in the Summer of 2002, John Corapi,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.23,0:08:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in typical American style,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.40,0:08:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an ex-accountant from Vegas turned Catholic priest,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.37,0:08:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[scattered laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.78,0:08:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...arrived at the Redding Medical Centre having been referred by his doctor for having chest pains.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.78,0:08:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had a cardiogram by the local cardiologist and was told that he needed an immediate heart bypass,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.42,0:08:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he was at serious risk, and that he should come back later that day,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.48,0:08:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or at the latest, tomorrow, to have open heart surgery.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.76,0:08:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather shocked, and dazed by this news,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.98,0:08:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he returned home to pack his bags in order to return to hospital.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.22,0:08:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He called up his best friend, who was still an accountant in Vegas,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.03,0:08:52.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose partner was a hospital nurse, and who advised him that he should get a second opinion,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.57,0:08:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, according to his partner, it was not, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.90,0:08:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was very unusual that you would need to have immediate open heart surgery,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.98,0:09:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that he should get a second opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.98,0:09:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather doubtful about this, because he was extremely worried, he did get on a plane.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.51,0:09:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He went to Vegas, he got seen by another specialist...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.92,0:09:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who, to his complete surprise, told him there was nothing wrong with his heart.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.80,0:09:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He saw another specialist, just to make sure.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.29,0:09:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They told him also, there was nothing wrong with his heart.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.34,0:09:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Relieved, and rather, you know, happy, he returned home and just wanted to really forget about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.07,0:09:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But his friend said: "No, what's going on here? Something's wrong".
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.39,0:09:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they went in to see the CEO of the Tenet Healthcare, the people running this hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.61,0:09:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(which, by the way, was a private hospital), and said:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.65,0:09:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Look, something's wrong, what's going on, what are you going to do about this?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.61,0:09:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And basically they were told: not very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.26,0:09:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, mistakes get made, it's bad luck, don't worry about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.58,0:09:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll look into it, but thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.76,0:09:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They weren't convinced by this, and eventually they decided to contact the FBI.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.63,0:09:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason they contacted the FBI, by the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.83,0:09:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it's a private healthcare provider in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.40,0:10:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they provide Medicare provision of healthcare to the Federal Government.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.48,0:10:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if the Federal Government is getting defrauded, the FBI can get involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.98,0:10:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The FBI started investigating.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.28,0:10:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually it turned out, that hundreds, probably thousands of people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.08,0:10:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a ten or longer year period, had been operated on unnecessarily.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.70,0:10:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of them had had serious procedures performed on them,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.56,0:10:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,open heart surgery, some had died as a result.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.19,0:10:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously it's quite a serious operation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.32,0:10:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people had basically been condemned to a lifetime of pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.44,0:10:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the most traumatic examples was a 36-year-old, he had been cut open,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.44,0:10:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is obviously what happens in open heart surgery,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.00,0:10:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his chest had never knitted back together correctly.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.100,0:10:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically, he would be in pain for the rest of his life.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.40,0:10:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, hundreds, thousands of people had been harmed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.61,0:10:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the interesting things was that in this community
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.97,0:10:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was already some suspicion, there were anecdotes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.16,0:10:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, one of the ones I really liked from this book was the story that went:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.85,0:10:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'Don't get a flat tyre outside of Redding Medical Centre because you'll end up with a heart bypass.'
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.02,0:10:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[scattered laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.30,0:11:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, but the thing was, there was no data.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.73,0:11:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People were you know, a bit suspicious, but it was among doctors who knew,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.56,0:11:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, in the community, and who wants to doubt it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.87,0:11:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And guess what? Also, Redding Medical Centre had one of the best mortality rates,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.00,0:11:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for cardiac procedures in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.35,0:11:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you operate on healthy people, you have a good mortality rate!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.62,0:11:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[scattered laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.13,0:11:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the other thing, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.39,0:11:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is the point that comes to Open Data for me
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.45,0:11:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other red flag if you had been looking at the data,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.74,0:11:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was these two things: one is incredibly low mortality rate,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.93,0:11:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and (B) that it had almost the highest number of procedures
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.35,0:11:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the population that it covered in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.14,0:11:39.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which should be a red flag, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.63,0:11:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, one, it's just a massive outlier on that basis, and also,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.62,0:11:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more people you should be operating on, the more you're doing marginal cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.82,0:11:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the higher should be your mortality rate unless something very odd is going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.03,0:11:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The thought was: what if people had been looking at this data?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.02,0:11:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we'd - if this data had been open and public,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.04,0:11:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not maybe just for particular researchers to look at or the government?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.93,0:12:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it kind of reminded me of a phrase that's very famous in Open Source software, which is:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.13,0:12:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"To many eyes, all bugs are shallow".
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.96,0:12:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's great about Open Source software is lots of people can look at it, lots of people can fix it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.50,0:12:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for me, what this was saying was: to many eyes, all anomalies are noticeable.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.73,0:12:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's somewhat of an exaggeration,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.68,0:12:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what happens if rather than ten or twenty people
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.91,0:12:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who worked in monitoring Medicare provision in the US government,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.08,0:12:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd had thousands or millions of people?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.88,0:12:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the local journalists or citizens, who had suspicions,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.92,0:12:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had been able to go and look at that data and say:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.75,0:12:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Whoa! What's going on here? This isn't just anecdotes, there's some data".
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.20,0:12:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, and it's not just then, about kind of spotting healthcare errors, or issues, or risks,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.22,0:12:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also about things like apps and services
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.42,0:12:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can build with Open Data.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.87,0:12:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a great app built by mySociety in the UK,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.67,0:12:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Mapumental.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.64,0:12:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the question is, I don't know if people know,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.97,0:12:50.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,London house prices are very expensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.65,0:12:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know whether they rival Geneva's,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.51,0:12:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're, it's a pretty difficult thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.24,0:12:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the questions was, if I have to work somewhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.98,0:13:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I want to know where I can live, and afford,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.75,0:13:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can commute to work in a certain time, and it's not too ugly,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.76,0:13:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is what this app does.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.58,0:13:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can choose the price, you can say where you're going to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.20,0:13:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can choose the commute time, and you can choose the scenicness.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.20,0:13:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it will show you, on this map, where you can live.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.43,0:13:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another example, more about transparency,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.80,0:13:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a project we did called "Where Does My Money Go?".
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.98,0:13:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an interactive version,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.41,0:13:26.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can kind of draw it out,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.21,0:13:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so what it starts with, is one, is it tells you what your tax is,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.11,0:13:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that most people often don't know,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.82,0:13:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will tell you how much you're paying each day
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.67,0:13:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a particular area of society.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.25,0:13:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the dream for me,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.33,0:13:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a dream that we're on the way to realising,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.13,0:13:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in this visualisation, you can drill down into areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.82,0:13:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my dream is to keep drilling down.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.47,0:13:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So depending on what day we have, I want to go down,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.63,0:13:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right down through those bubbles, step by step,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.63,0:13:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until I see the money spent on street lights on my street,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.40,0:13:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on filling in potholes, on collecting my rubbish.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.19,0:13:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for two reasons:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.14,0:13:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, obviously there's a question, particularly in some countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.70,0:14:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of inefficiency or corruption,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.44,0:14:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also, just because most of us don't feel very happy about paying tax.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.07,0:14:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not one of those things people welcome!
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.16,0:14:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's something that we should.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.82,0:14:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Government does an awful lot for us,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.96,0:14:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and having a better sense of where it's going
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.29,0:14:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could make us feel an awful lot better about paying that tax.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.12,0:14:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the way that when we go to a restaurant,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.66,0:14:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't, when we get the bill, we don't necessarily feel bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.40,0:14:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We feel "Wow, I had a great meal. That was worth it."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.27,0:14:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why Open?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.37,0:14:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've given you examples, and you know, we see a lot of apps and services.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.08,0:14:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is Open relevant here?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.60,0:14:36.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This goes back to what I said about the information technology, the revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.35,0:14:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's the challenge and the opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.81,0:14:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the challenge that we see today, is exploding informational complexity.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.80,0:14:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, another great story:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.92,0:14:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 1820s, all bank clearing in the largest financial centre in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.73,0:14:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was done in a single room, where people -- one person from each bank gathered
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.85,0:14:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'd go round the room pulling out gold, and swapping it around, between different banks.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.40,0:14:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's how they did bank clearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.07,0:15:01.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today we have billions of transactions a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.99,0:15:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the way we as humans deal with complexity is by dividing and conquering it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.94,0:15:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We split it up into manageable chunks that we deal with.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.01,0:15:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.38,0:15:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this answer's particularly relevant about Open Data,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.88,0:15:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is information technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.22,0:15:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, a smartphone has as much computing power
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.95,0:15:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the system that ran the Apollo moon landings.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.26,0:15:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And an even better example is storage:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.03,0:15:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one terabyte of storage today is a hundred dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.93,0:15:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1994, this would have cost 400,000 dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.30,0:15:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can have every financial transaction
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.98,0:15:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the UK government, or the US government made last year, or even for the last decade,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.38,0:15:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on my laptop.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.66,0:15:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was not possible for an average citizen a decade ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.28,0:15:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's mass participation, information access, processing, and production.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.19,0:15:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's decentralisation.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.56,0:15:51.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the claim here is that openness is key.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.73,0:15:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because it's about scaling.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.55,0:15:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we are doing is weaving data together.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.40,0:15:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I said, we deal with complexity by splitting it up.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.62,0:16:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We componentise, we split data up into blocks
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.93,0:16:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we recombine.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.67,0:16:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we are going to recombine information,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.96,0:16:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to put Humpty Dumpty back together again,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.08,0:16:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it won't work most of the time if it is closed.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.45,0:16:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need Open Data to scale and to componentise.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.68,0:16:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a point just to make here in this respect, that you might think:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.52,0:16:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well you know, you're talking about Open Data,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.35,0:16:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, this could be true of anything!
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.72,0:16:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why don't we have like,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.79,0:16:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Open Cars, and Open Shoes, and you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.23,0:16:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why don't we just share everything, man!
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.58,0:16:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would be so beautiful!".
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.71,0:16:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? And the sad thing is,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.39,0:16:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that that hasn't generally worked as a way of organising most production in our society.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.07,0:16:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, we have private property, and so we don't do that much openness relatively.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.07,0:16:45.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's something different about digital information.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.85,0:16:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all know it, but it's worth emphasising, which is, it's very cheaply copied.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.34,0:16:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, give me a copy of your data isn't a problem if you're the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.78,0:16:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Give me a copy of your car, or your house, or whatever, is.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.80,0:16:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's also about innovation here.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.58,0:17:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, in a way it's almost the purest aspect of markets.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.22,0:17:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Markets are about moving things to the person who could use them most best.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.39,0:17:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's true of data.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.20,0:17:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The best thing to do with your data will likely be thought of by someone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.34,0:17:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And vice versa! You will think of the best thing to do with someone else's data.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.78,0:17:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Open Data allows us, in the most frictionless, easiest way,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.10,0:17:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to move data to where it can be most optimally used,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.73,0:17:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly if you're government.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.28,0:17:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in short, it's about better understanding, it's about better government,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.84,0:17:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's about better research, it's about better economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.12,0:17:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And something also for companies and governments:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.12,0:17:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's about better engagement.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.14,0:17:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about a closer relationship, sometimes,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.99,0:17:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between your citizens and you as the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.33,0:17:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Between you, even possibly, as a company, and your users.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.69,0:17:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I wanted to kind of finish here by saying where we're going.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.97,0:17:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The story was, of this talk, was, you know, where are we?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.87,0:17:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why have we got here? And where are we going?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.73,0:17:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one answer is just more use.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.25,0:17:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So right now, I just said at the beginning, Open Data is relatively young.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.31,0:17:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This vast outpouring, for example, of government data,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.84,0:18:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that anyone can freely use, reuse, and redistribute, is really new,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.06,0:18:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if it's done three years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.38,0:18:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, in the UK, much of the most useful data that could be released
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.48,0:18:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has only been released in the last six months or a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.09,0:18:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want prescription data?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.48,0:18:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you a pharmaceutical company,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.89,0:18:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you want to know what kind of prescription habits are going on in the UK?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.26,0:18:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would emphasise: at an anonymised or somewhat aggregate level.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.84,0:18:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you want to know about what crime is going on?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.71,0:18:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you building a real estate website and you want data on environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.24,0:18:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you want data on unemployment,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.74,0:18:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or other information about where properties are situated?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.74,0:18:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can now get that.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.69,0:18:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think there's going to be a lot more use from business.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.74,0:18:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There'll be a lot more use from everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.40,0:18:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think particularly business is going to wake up to the opportunities here.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.69,0:18:40.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's also going to lead to more data.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.19,0:18:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is, government is going to be more data.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.79,0:18:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think also businesses are going to realise, and communities,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.60,0:18:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they want to share back some of that data,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.72,0:18:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the data they have.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.76,0:18:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not going to be their kind of crown jewels,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.86,0:18:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not going -- often start out with data that's not core to their business.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.71,0:18:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like. kind of Nike, they realised that by opening and sharing data,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.11,0:19:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can scale in a way they can't on their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.03,0:19:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And does it mean that richer data, going back
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.07,0:19:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- how could I leave out Hegel and Marx in a talk like this --
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.81,0:19:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Quantity changes quality" as Hegel told us.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.32,0:19:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more data, going back to that woven ball, more data actually means better data.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.16,0:19:17.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means richer data, it's a qualitative difference in what we can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.63,0:19:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Geodata on it's own isn't that useful.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.78,0:19:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Transport data on it's own isn't useful.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.59,0:19:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Geodata plus transport data is useful!
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.70,0:19:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're going to be seeing data refining.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.19,0:19:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Data is the new oil, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.44,0:19:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we're going to refine it.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.93,0:19:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's going to be a big business: higher quality data.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.49,0:19:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to leave you with a couple of thoughts.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.15,0:19:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, one is, some people say:
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.65,0:19:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, okay, but, you know, selling data is big business".
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.53,0:19:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is, but going forward in some of these things like software,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.99,0:19:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,data is going to be a platform.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.48,0:19:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a commodity.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.72,0:19:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Businesses built purely on selling data,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.08,0:19:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just don't think are going to make it.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.56,0:19:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need to be building on your data, not attempting to purely sell it.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.59,0:19:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the other answer is to be modest.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.28,0:19:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I said: where are we going?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.80,0:19:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if people know
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.92,0:20:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- and this takes us back to an earlier age, an age of electricity and steam -- of Faraday.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.12,0:20:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he's demonstrating electricity at the Royal Society,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.68,0:20:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Gladstone, the future Prime Minister of England, sees him do this stuff, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.32,0:20:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the frog legs move, and Gladstone's like:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.44,0:20:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, I mean, this is party trick, Faraday.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.39,0:20:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's great, but, what's really, you know, what's electricity going to amount to?" (20:16)
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.97,0:20:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Faraday says to him: "Well, what's the use of a baby?"
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.83,0:20:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, a baby when it's young is not very useful.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.30,0:20:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[scattered laughter]
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.72,0:20:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it grows up into something!
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.92,0:20:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is where we are going today.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:29.72,0:20:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are the beginning of the Open Data journey.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.09,0:20:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And partly is, we don't know what it's going to grow up into.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.16,0:20:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much!
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.00,0:20:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.56,0:20:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,QUESTIONER: Um, citizens and I guess patients at hospitals,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.71,0:20:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assume that the institutions have all this data and it's very well organised,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.68,0:20:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a question of will.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.56,0:20:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you encountered cases in which they simply don't have it,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.89,0:20:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they have it, and it's just such a mess that they're too embarrassed to give it out?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.27,0:20:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RUFUS POLLOCK: Absolutely.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.66,0:21:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, one story that kind of intrigues me,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.96,0:21:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is we've been building this "Where Does My Money Go?" open spending project.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.09,0:21:06.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the things the government mandated was giving out,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:06.95,0:21:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than just high-level financial information,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.06,0:21:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving out information at a detailed level, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.44,0:21:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they now publish, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.84,0:21:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spending data from each government department monthly,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.60,0:21:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every transaction within 5,000 pounds (check).
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.71,0:21:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every purchase they make, every mobile phone provider they contract with, we get that data.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.12,0:21:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the intriguing things, of their mandating this, was it turned out,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.59,0:21:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before, they had no way, before they did this, of actually seeing, on any regular basis,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.02,0:21:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what their department spent money on.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.23,0:21:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because in fact, the only thing they reported up on to, in central government to Treasury,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.03,0:21:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was kind of like, how much did you spend against Project X that you were allocated budget for?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.87,0:21:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, departments, were actually really intrigued, they [say]:
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.16,0:21:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, that other department's going with Vodafone,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.44,0:21:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're with Orange, and look how much they're paying per month!"
Dialogue: 0,0:21:46.35,0:21:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think in essence, it is really driving changes in government,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.31,0:21:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yeah, there are people, I think you'd been worried about giving out data quality.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.70,0:21:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was just talking to the Department of Education last week and they said
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.84,0:21:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- you know, one of the things -- they had financial information from schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.65,0:21:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which they were slowly being mandated to publish.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.57,0:22:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And schools are suddenly all ringing up, saying:
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.22,0:22:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well we never really bothered to really update that information to be accurate!
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.29,0:22:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uh, we really want to do it right now".
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.21,0:22:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think that definitely does happen, yep.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:08.16,0:22:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,QUESTIONER: Are you seeing now new roles in government, to help facilitate this?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.10,0:22:16.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RUFUS POLLOCK: Yeah. I mean, to take another example, I, sorry.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.01,0:22:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both in government, so the UK government has a transparency kind of 'czar' if you like.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.49,0:22:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also I learnt, is Nike hired an Open Data evangelist.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.81,0:22:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the things they, while they were implementing this programme,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.61,0:22:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually hired explicitly, an Open Data evangelist.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.99,0:22:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So yeah, I think we are, we're definitely seeing this in government.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.02,0:22:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both in the tech level, but also at the policy level.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.36,0:22:34.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think it's not just government,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.73,0:22:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will also be companies doing this, and so on, who will be saying:
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.96,0:22:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We need an Open Data expert.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.19,0:22:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to be aware of what's going on here and be able to plan it as part of our strategy."
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.47,0:22:45.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,QUESTIONER: A final question.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.49,0:22:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You mentioned that, kind of outsourcing, almost, some of this data refining,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.97,0:22:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outside government or the big institutions, has helped them.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.31,0:22:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you tell us any stories of kind of gratitude being expressed by the government? I mean...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.15,0:22:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RUFUS POLLOCK: Well, I mean, to kind of, yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.25,0:22:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean there was an interesting example actually
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.77,0:23:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we had some complaint because the open spending data I told you about
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.79,0:23:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we're aggregating the government spending and financial data
Dialogue: 0,0:23:05.32,0:23:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- you know, the site had a few performance issues, occasionally, as we loaded more data in.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.65,0:23:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember kind of getting this call kind of going :
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.76,0:23:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, you know, we're a little bit upset, you know, data.gov.uk,"
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.27,0:23:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it turned out the reason was, the Treasury kept looking at this data,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.13,0:23:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were annoyed when the site was going down.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:21.00,0:23:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that was really intriguing to me
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.56,0:23:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we were kind of one of the best, at least, up-to-date aggregators out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.14,0:23:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um, I think you are already seeing people doing stuff with the data
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.48,0:23:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kind of doing stuff, sometimes for free, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.29,0:23:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't have to have the shiny front-end.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.13,0:23:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, one of the things we went about, on about,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.02,0:23:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know Tim Berners-Lee went on about --
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.49,0:23:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raw data now, you know, you can build fewer shiny front-ends, and just release raw data.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.39,0:23:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know, someone else will help you build the app, the front-end, the interface,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.46,0:23:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help you innovate about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.76,0:23:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the best way to provide healthcare data to citizens,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.92,0:23:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or education data to citizens,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.25,0:23:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they make better and more informed choices?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.37,0:23:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know, and the government probably doesn't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:56.61,0:23:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But somewhere out there, someone is going to innovate
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.16,0:24:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really provide the best way for us to deliver that kind of information to citizens.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.67,0:24:04.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,QUESTIONER: Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.25,0:24:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RUFUS POLLOCK: Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:05.30,0:24:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.90,0:24:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lift _ Video Production ACTUA
Dialogue: 0,0:24:09.42,0:24:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Copyright (c) 2012 Lift conference