1 00:00:02,921 --> 00:00:05,479 Greetings Troublemakers ...welcome to Trouble. 2 00:00:05,479 --> 00:00:07,415 My name is not important. 3 00:00:07,415 --> 00:00:10,364 In the wake of the recent scandals that have rocked Hollywood, 4 00:00:10,364 --> 00:00:13,532 corporate media outlets, academia, amateur sports 5 00:00:13,532 --> 00:00:15,442 and, of course, Washington DC 6 00:00:15,442 --> 00:00:18,394 ... the topic of sexual abuse has become a recurring feature 7 00:00:18,394 --> 00:00:20,383 on the American news cycle. 8 00:00:20,383 --> 00:00:22,742 But while it’s good to see a handful of powerful men 9 00:00:22,742 --> 00:00:24,652 at least beginning to be held accountable 10 00:00:24,652 --> 00:00:26,511 for their misogynistic behaviour 11 00:00:26,511 --> 00:00:28,897 ... the sexual harassment and assault of women 12 00:00:28,897 --> 00:00:30,554 is obviously nothing new. 13 00:00:30,554 --> 00:00:33,636 And these recent stories are only a microscopic representation 14 00:00:33,636 --> 00:00:36,404 of a much more widespread and systemic issue. 15 00:00:37,004 --> 00:00:40,094 If even famous celebrities aren’t safe from this type of abuse 16 00:00:40,094 --> 00:00:42,283 ... what does that say about the rest of us? 17 00:00:42,383 --> 00:00:45,490 Sexual violence is the foundation of patriarchy, 18 00:00:45,490 --> 00:00:48,556 one of the oldest and most insidious systems of domination 19 00:00:48,556 --> 00:00:49,744 in human history. 20 00:00:49,744 --> 00:00:51,824 This violence takes many forms 21 00:00:51,824 --> 00:00:53,990 from rape and sexual exploitation, 22 00:00:53,990 --> 00:00:56,663 to the imposition of misogynistic beauty standards 23 00:00:56,663 --> 00:00:57,877 and gender norms, 24 00:00:57,877 --> 00:01:00,903 to laws and social taboos that seek to control 25 00:01:00,903 --> 00:01:03,249 women's sexuality, bodily autonomy 26 00:01:03,249 --> 00:01:04,985 and reproductive health. 27 00:01:04,985 --> 00:01:08,973 Patriarchy is intricately woven into the very fabric of society; 28 00:01:08,973 --> 00:01:10,991 it is rooted in the nuclear family 29 00:01:10,991 --> 00:01:13,361 and the ways in which children are raised differently 30 00:01:13,361 --> 00:01:15,928 depending on the gender they're assigned at birth. 31 00:01:15,928 --> 00:01:17,866 It is encoded into our language, 32 00:01:17,866 --> 00:01:20,528 and amplified by religion and popular culture, 33 00:01:20,528 --> 00:01:22,810 helping to shape our perceptions of the world, 34 00:01:22,810 --> 00:01:23,966 and our place in it. 35 00:01:23,966 --> 00:01:27,475 It plays out in countless everyday experiences and actions, 36 00:01:27,475 --> 00:01:30,718 forming a self-perpetuating and self-reinforcing cycle 37 00:01:30,718 --> 00:01:32,804 that is passed down through generations, 38 00:01:32,804 --> 00:01:34,995 extending its influence into all spheres of 39 00:01:34,995 --> 00:01:37,002 human activity and behaviour. 40 00:01:37,002 --> 00:01:39,658 But far from accepting the role of eternal victim, 41 00:01:39,658 --> 00:01:42,460 throughout history, women have consistently pushed back 42 00:01:42,460 --> 00:01:45,327 against patriarchal systems of social, political 43 00:01:45,327 --> 00:01:47,055 and economic control. 44 00:01:47,055 --> 00:01:49,244 Today, we are at the forefront of revolutionary 45 00:01:49,244 --> 00:01:52,564 anti-capitalist and anti-colonial movements around the world, 46 00:01:52,564 --> 00:01:54,995 in addition to playing leading roles in resistance 47 00:01:54,995 --> 00:01:57,578 against white supremacy and police terror, 48 00:01:57,578 --> 00:01:59,626 for LGBTQ liberation, 49 00:01:59,626 --> 00:02:00,763 and against ableism, 50 00:02:00,763 --> 00:02:04,195 carceral psychology and the prison-industrial complex. 51 00:02:04,195 --> 00:02:05,611 Over the next thirty minutes 52 00:02:05,611 --> 00:02:07,451 we'll highlight some of the ongoing struggles 53 00:02:07,451 --> 00:02:09,249 faced by women across the globe 54 00:02:09,249 --> 00:02:11,912 and speak with a number of badass commentators 55 00:02:11,912 --> 00:02:14,123 as they talk about confronting social taboos, 56 00:02:14,123 --> 00:02:15,874 fighting back against sexism, 57 00:02:15,874 --> 00:02:17,976 subverting systems of male domination 58 00:02:17,976 --> 00:02:19,672 ... and making a whole lot of trouble. 59 00:02:45,388 --> 00:02:49,294 In a word, I would define patriarchy as conquest. 60 00:02:49,294 --> 00:02:51,709 Beyond just sort of everyday prejudices, 61 00:02:51,709 --> 00:02:55,812 it is a system of power that is institutionalized 62 00:02:55,812 --> 00:02:58,426 in various facets of our everday life. 63 00:02:58,426 --> 00:03:01,398 A social, economic, political system 64 00:03:01,398 --> 00:03:03,493 that's rooted in gender oppression. 65 00:03:03,493 --> 00:03:06,434 The system of racialized gender regulation 66 00:03:06,434 --> 00:03:10,149 that socially and materially privileges manhood, 67 00:03:10,149 --> 00:03:12,409 and men... and masculinity. 68 00:03:12,409 --> 00:03:14,809 Trans, queer and non-binary folks, 69 00:03:14,809 --> 00:03:18,676 and all the things, behaviours and attributes 70 00:03:18,676 --> 00:03:20,994 that we would associate with the feminine, 71 00:03:20,994 --> 00:03:24,694 or femininity is deemed to be inferior. 72 00:03:24,694 --> 00:03:28,181 It's a social system that establishes, 73 00:03:28,181 --> 00:03:31,617 codifies the supremacy, 74 00:03:31,617 --> 00:03:35,696 the superiority of men in every sphere of social life 75 00:03:35,696 --> 00:03:36,856 over women. 76 00:03:36,856 --> 00:03:39,764 The struggles of women across the world 77 00:03:39,764 --> 00:03:42,430 show that there's a lot of common issues, 78 00:03:42,430 --> 00:03:45,808 such as their under-representation or marginalization 79 00:03:45,808 --> 00:03:49,147 in cultural, economic and political spheres. 80 00:03:49,147 --> 00:03:52,684 One of the unifying characteristics of patriarchy 81 00:03:52,684 --> 00:03:58,317 that is seen around the world is the imposition of 82 00:03:58,317 --> 00:04:02,356 a gender binary, with violence committed against 83 00:04:02,356 --> 00:04:04,496 those who do not fit into the stereotypes 84 00:04:04,496 --> 00:04:06,681 – into the expected representations 85 00:04:06,681 --> 00:04:08,877 of what is masculine or what is feminine. 86 00:04:08,877 --> 00:04:12,114 The patriarchal system, as a system of gender regulation, 87 00:04:12,114 --> 00:04:14,232 revolves around transmisogyny 88 00:04:14,232 --> 00:04:17,030 – which patriarchy understands as a punishment 89 00:04:17,030 --> 00:04:18,240 of failed masculinity. 90 00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:21,632 Because trans women are not understood as being real women 91 00:04:21,632 --> 00:04:23,245 but rather as failed men. 92 00:04:23,245 --> 00:04:26,798 And the violence against trans women serves a twofold purpose. 93 00:04:26,798 --> 00:04:30,465 It allows cis men to reassert and re-establish 94 00:04:30,465 --> 00:04:34,517 their own sense of masculinity by punishing trans women 95 00:04:34,517 --> 00:04:37,828 for their own insecurity about their heterosexuality, 96 00:04:37,828 --> 00:04:40,362 and their attraction to trans women, which calls 97 00:04:40,362 --> 00:04:41,977 their whole manhood into question. 98 00:04:41,977 --> 00:04:44,580 And then it also serves a warning to trans women. 99 00:04:44,580 --> 00:04:48,032 The kind of uniform experience of patriarchy, 100 00:04:48,032 --> 00:04:49,338 if there was to be one ... because of course 101 00:04:49,338 --> 00:04:53,222 patriarchy is experienced differently by different genders 102 00:04:53,222 --> 00:04:57,830 and many other identities that overlap with patriarchy 103 00:04:57,830 --> 00:05:00,101 – but is particularly, the subjugation 104 00:05:00,101 --> 00:05:02,836 especially if we look at subjugation and inequality 105 00:05:02,836 --> 00:05:04,582 in intimate relationships, 106 00:05:04,582 --> 00:05:05,993 and in the so-called 'domestic spheres.' 107 00:05:05,993 --> 00:05:08,966 So that's one of the ways in which patriarchy 108 00:05:08,966 --> 00:05:12,814 continues to be so dominant, and yet so invisible. 109 00:05:12,814 --> 00:05:16,604 Patriarchal relations, the dominance of men over women, 110 00:05:16,604 --> 00:05:20,026 it's a consequence usually 111 00:05:20,026 --> 00:05:23,305 of a system that exploits human labour. 112 00:05:23,305 --> 00:05:26,462 And therefore the control over women, 113 00:05:26,462 --> 00:05:30,864 over their reproductive capacity, over their domestic work 114 00:05:30,864 --> 00:05:34,983 – it's in fact a goal, at least of those who control society. 115 00:05:34,983 --> 00:05:37,328 Patriarchy is, at least in my view, 116 00:05:37,328 --> 00:05:39,388 connected with a class system. 117 00:05:39,388 --> 00:05:43,465 With a system of exploitation that goes beyond the relations 118 00:05:43,465 --> 00:05:44,807 between men and women. 119 00:05:44,807 --> 00:05:49,240 Economically, the subordination of women and femmes 120 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:53,526 plays out in pay gaps and in the way that 121 00:05:53,526 --> 00:05:57,129 women's labour is undervalued, regardless of what it is. 122 00:05:57,129 --> 00:05:59,666 And whether it's in more traditional ways 123 00:05:59,666 --> 00:06:02,972 ... if it's curanderas, or medicine people, 124 00:06:02,972 --> 00:06:04,883 it's typically more women. 125 00:06:04,883 --> 00:06:08,394 When we talk about the ancestral knowledge 126 00:06:08,394 --> 00:06:11,304 that's passed down from grandmothers 127 00:06:11,304 --> 00:06:14,928 through matrilineal connections - that kind of knowledge 128 00:06:14,928 --> 00:06:17,119 is dismissed more often. 129 00:06:17,119 --> 00:06:22,207 There is an appropriation of the genius of women. 130 00:06:22,207 --> 00:06:26,267 Of the work of women that men take credit for. 131 00:06:26,267 --> 00:06:29,027 All those clichés about there always being, y'know, 132 00:06:29,027 --> 00:06:30,653 'behind every great man there's a woman.' 133 00:06:30,653 --> 00:06:33,682 Like, behind every great woman there's ten more women 134 00:06:33,682 --> 00:06:37,721 that are badass and that have worked to uplift each other 135 00:06:37,721 --> 00:06:41,320 and to encourage each other to find their power 136 00:06:41,320 --> 00:06:42,696 and to find their voices. 137 00:06:42,696 --> 00:06:44,061 Patriarchy ignores all that. 138 00:06:44,061 --> 00:06:47,750 Patriarchy erases the genius of women throughout history. 139 00:06:47,750 --> 00:06:50,133 It erases the efforts that we put in 140 00:06:50,133 --> 00:06:53,037 to help our communities be thriving. 141 00:06:53,037 --> 00:06:54,551 To help our children be thriving. 142 00:06:54,551 --> 00:06:59,403 I've spoken of 'the patriarchy of the wage' to define, 143 00:06:59,403 --> 00:07:03,046 y'know, the way in which capitalism maintains 144 00:07:03,046 --> 00:07:04,902 gender-based hierarchies. 145 00:07:04,902 --> 00:07:08,415 The patriarchy of the wage says that, 146 00:07:08,415 --> 00:07:10,878 or implies, the wage relation. 147 00:07:10,878 --> 00:07:16,334 And the fact that capitalism organizes much of 148 00:07:16,334 --> 00:07:20,291 women's work on an unpaid basis as being 149 00:07:20,291 --> 00:07:25,077 a fundamental material condition for the creation 150 00:07:25,077 --> 00:07:26,845 of patriarchal control. 151 00:07:26,845 --> 00:07:30,385 We saw very recently with the #MeToo movement, 152 00:07:30,385 --> 00:07:35,773 how the issue of harassment or abuse against women 153 00:07:35,773 --> 00:07:37,346 is something that really transcends 154 00:07:37,346 --> 00:07:41,789 all class lines and all culture lines. 155 00:07:41,789 --> 00:07:45,703 It's also important to state that patriarchy 156 00:07:45,703 --> 00:07:50,592 does not imply that all men have power over all women. 157 00:07:50,592 --> 00:07:53,731 Take the case of the United States, for instance. 158 00:07:53,731 --> 00:07:57,391 It's clear that the race relation has a profound effect 159 00:07:57,391 --> 00:07:59,597 in the definition also 160 00:07:59,597 --> 00:08:03,032 of whose men have power over whose women. 161 00:08:03,032 --> 00:08:05,794 I think about patriarchy, not only in the way 162 00:08:05,794 --> 00:08:07,308 that it affects women, but in the way 163 00:08:07,308 --> 00:08:09,322 that it affects men in our communities. 164 00:08:09,322 --> 00:08:10,717 It stunts their growth. 165 00:08:10,717 --> 00:08:13,349 It stunts their capacity for accountability, 166 00:08:13,349 --> 00:08:14,653 their emotional depth. 167 00:08:14,653 --> 00:08:18,532 Their willingness to grow and to understand 168 00:08:18,532 --> 00:08:21,201 that they can become better human beings, 169 00:08:21,201 --> 00:08:23,073 more connected to their spirituality. 170 00:08:23,073 --> 00:08:26,166 More connected to their purpose in this life. 171 00:08:26,166 --> 00:08:28,933 Especially in – when folks talk about, 172 00:08:28,933 --> 00:08:32,746 y'know, a revolutionary sense, there's this stereotype 173 00:08:32,746 --> 00:08:34,887 of having to be hard and super militant. 174 00:08:34,887 --> 00:08:36,445 And we absolutely need that. 175 00:08:36,445 --> 00:08:38,848 We absolutely need to defend our communities. 176 00:08:38,848 --> 00:08:41,996 But we also need to be able to communicate with each other. 177 00:08:41,996 --> 00:08:46,120 And to be reasonable, and to not default to anger. 178 00:08:48,241 --> 00:08:49,575 In the Book of Genesis, 179 00:08:49,575 --> 00:08:52,031 which just so happens to be the main creation story 180 00:08:52,031 --> 00:08:54,813 for the world's combined 4.2 billion adherents 181 00:08:54,813 --> 00:08:57,315 of Judaism, Christianity and Islam 182 00:08:57,315 --> 00:08:59,573 ... it's a bit of an understatement to say that 183 00:08:59,573 --> 00:09:02,283 women don't exactly come out looking so great. 184 00:09:02,283 --> 00:09:04,508 And if the no-doubt male authors of this text 185 00:09:04,508 --> 00:09:07,619 are to be believed ... it's all Eve's fault. 186 00:09:08,289 --> 00:09:11,295 Because even after being granted an earthly paradise 187 00:09:11,295 --> 00:09:12,705 to frolic around in, 188 00:09:12,705 --> 00:09:15,460 this ungrateful harlot did the one thing 189 00:09:15,460 --> 00:09:18,605 that her benevolent male God had told her not to do. 190 00:09:18,605 --> 00:09:21,551 And worse than that, she roped her husband 191 00:09:21,551 --> 00:09:24,540 into taking the blame with her ... even after he gave up 192 00:09:24,540 --> 00:09:26,972 one of his ribs so that she could be created. 193 00:09:26,972 --> 00:09:29,558 By eating the forbidden apple from the Tree of Knowledge, 194 00:09:29,558 --> 00:09:32,183 Eve was responsible for original sin 195 00:09:32,183 --> 00:09:34,808 ... and ultimately the downfall of humanity. 196 00:09:34,808 --> 00:09:36,026 Pretty heavy. 197 00:09:36,026 --> 00:09:37,559 And for thousands of years, 198 00:09:37,559 --> 00:09:39,739 the chief institutions of organized religion 199 00:09:39,739 --> 00:09:41,762 have done everything that they could to ensure 200 00:09:41,762 --> 00:09:43,821 that nobody forgot the awful truth 201 00:09:43,821 --> 00:09:45,391 wrapped up in this vicious lie. 202 00:09:45,941 --> 00:09:50,002 The Catholic Church has played a major major role 203 00:09:50,002 --> 00:09:55,511 in terms of fostering a misogynist conception of women. 204 00:09:55,861 --> 00:09:58,156 The Church had a tremendous role, 205 00:09:58,156 --> 00:10:01,961 in particular, in defining women's sexuality 206 00:10:01,961 --> 00:10:03,490 as something sinful. 207 00:10:03,490 --> 00:10:05,909 As something that has to be controlled. 208 00:10:05,909 --> 00:10:08,693 So the woman is the great sinner. 209 00:10:09,343 --> 00:10:12,351 The woman is the one who has to cover herself, 210 00:10:12,351 --> 00:10:16,235 because she is a continuous temptation for men. 211 00:10:16,235 --> 00:10:21,862 Sexuality is a very intense, potentially subversive force. 212 00:10:21,862 --> 00:10:25,170 Y'know, but here I would add immediately 213 00:10:25,170 --> 00:10:29,237 that the concerns of the Church were also shared 214 00:10:29,237 --> 00:10:32,201 by the political and legal authorities. 215 00:10:32,201 --> 00:10:35,975 Because particularly in the developing capitalist system 216 00:10:35,975 --> 00:10:37,813 at the end of the Middle Ages, 217 00:10:37,813 --> 00:10:40,726 y'know, the question of the control of sexuality, 218 00:10:40,726 --> 00:10:44,805 the control of procreation, became a strategic issue. 219 00:10:44,805 --> 00:10:47,384 Became a strategic objective. 220 00:10:47,384 --> 00:10:49,243 Those same techniques, 221 00:10:49,243 --> 00:10:55,134 values that were permeated by a devaluation of women 222 00:10:55,134 --> 00:10:56,592 ... were exported. 223 00:10:57,192 --> 00:11:00,703 Throughout colonization, Christianity used the bible 224 00:11:00,703 --> 00:11:04,223 and its stories to prove that patriarchy 225 00:11:04,223 --> 00:11:06,119 was the will of God. 226 00:11:06,119 --> 00:11:09,030 The Christian, Catholic religions 227 00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:12,170 that have been imposed here deify men. 228 00:11:12,170 --> 00:11:14,518 And deify God as a man. 229 00:11:14,518 --> 00:11:17,946 And they don't have any room for the sacred feminine. 230 00:11:17,946 --> 00:11:22,469 Colonization needed to divide and destroy communities 231 00:11:22,469 --> 00:11:25,093 in order to gain access to land. 232 00:11:25,093 --> 00:11:28,278 And upon arrival, settlers noticed very quickly 233 00:11:28,278 --> 00:11:30,898 that Indigenous women often held positions 234 00:11:30,898 --> 00:11:32,998 of power in their communities, 235 00:11:32,998 --> 00:11:34,926 and in their own governance systems. 236 00:11:34,926 --> 00:11:38,085 And so while there were generalized attacks 237 00:11:38,085 --> 00:11:39,003 on Indigenous communities, 238 00:11:39,003 --> 00:11:40,475 there were very specific attacks 239 00:11:40,475 --> 00:11:42,860 aimed directly at Indigenous women. 240 00:11:42,860 --> 00:11:44,997 Looking back at history, 241 00:11:44,997 --> 00:11:47,012 looking back at resource extraction 242 00:11:47,012 --> 00:11:50,770 ... the ways that all of our non-human relatives have 243 00:11:50,770 --> 00:11:55,043 been treated and commodified and stolen and sold 244 00:11:55,043 --> 00:11:57,588 ... it seems to me that people from those religions 245 00:11:57,588 --> 00:11:59,206 don't hold much sacred. 246 00:11:59,206 --> 00:12:02,728 One of the first things they did was convince the men 247 00:12:02,728 --> 00:12:05,473 in those communities that their equality to women 248 00:12:05,473 --> 00:12:07,329 was a sign of inferiority. 249 00:12:07,329 --> 00:12:08,522 And this was done through religion 250 00:12:08,522 --> 00:12:10,185 and a variety of different ways, 251 00:12:10,185 --> 00:12:12,896 and actually got them to aid in the process 252 00:12:12,896 --> 00:12:15,402 of removing women from those positions of power. 253 00:12:15,402 --> 00:12:18,795 The way that colonizers invaded, 254 00:12:18,795 --> 00:12:21,944 and continue to invade and destroy 255 00:12:21,944 --> 00:12:25,857 and disrespect the land that gives us life 256 00:12:25,857 --> 00:12:30,337 ... is an extreme parallel to the ways that colonizers 257 00:12:30,337 --> 00:12:34,988 also inflict abuse on Native women in particular. 258 00:12:35,758 --> 00:12:38,957 The MMIW movement in Canada 259 00:12:38,957 --> 00:12:43,480 has been an Indigenous-led response to the crisis of 260 00:12:43,480 --> 00:12:47,394 over-representation of Inuit, Métis and First Nations women 261 00:12:47,394 --> 00:12:49,981 in missing persons and homicide cases. 262 00:12:49,981 --> 00:12:52,478 Indigenous women make up 4% of the population, 263 00:12:52,478 --> 00:12:55,751 but 16% of the homicide rates in Canada. 264 00:12:55,751 --> 00:12:57,950 Deaths and disappearances of Indigenous women 265 00:12:57,950 --> 00:13:00,837 are often ignored or mishandled by the police. 266 00:13:00,837 --> 00:13:02,541 The Tina Fontaine verdict 267 00:13:02,541 --> 00:13:05,296 ... the recent not-guilty verdict in that case, 268 00:13:05,296 --> 00:13:06,999 which was pretty devastating 269 00:13:06,999 --> 00:13:09,299 – you see this kind of thing play out. 270 00:13:09,299 --> 00:13:10,953 And so you see things like, 271 00:13:10,953 --> 00:13:13,698 just before the verdict being announced, The Globe and Mail 272 00:13:13,698 --> 00:13:17,048 doing an entire front-page article talking about how 273 00:13:17,048 --> 00:13:19,551 she had drugs and alcohol in her system 274 00:13:19,551 --> 00:13:20,480 when she was found. 275 00:13:20,480 --> 00:13:24,275 As if that somehow justifies her being murdered 276 00:13:24,275 --> 00:13:26,578 and thrown into the river in a sleeping bag. 277 00:13:27,589 --> 00:13:31,825 The European systems of religion, 278 00:13:31,825 --> 00:13:36,349 of social structures are all based on hierarchy. 279 00:13:36,349 --> 00:13:39,051 The hierarchies that are in place now place women 280 00:13:39,051 --> 00:13:42,562 – women of colour – at the very bottom. 281 00:13:42,562 --> 00:13:45,723 The Jezebel is one of the controlling images 282 00:13:45,723 --> 00:13:48,546 of Black womanhood that's grounded in this idea 283 00:13:48,546 --> 00:13:52,344 that Black women are uniquely sexually aggressive 284 00:13:52,344 --> 00:13:54,729 and uncontrollably promiscuous, 285 00:13:54,729 --> 00:13:57,551 and hyper-sexual and animalistic. 286 00:13:57,551 --> 00:13:59,800 And it relates to chattel slavery in the United States 287 00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:02,311 in that enslaved Black women were subjected 288 00:14:02,311 --> 00:14:04,606 to sexual violence by their masters. 289 00:14:04,606 --> 00:14:08,571 Because they were seen solely as bodies that existed 290 00:14:08,571 --> 00:14:11,891 for sexual consumption and sexual domination by white men. 291 00:14:11,891 --> 00:14:14,023 This has fed into a contemporary idea 292 00:14:14,023 --> 00:14:16,368 that Black women are 'un-rapeable'. 293 00:14:16,368 --> 00:14:20,120 That we are purely sexual beings that always want sex. 294 00:14:20,120 --> 00:14:22,089 And so when we are victimized sexually, 295 00:14:22,089 --> 00:14:24,468 we're not understood as being legitimate victims 296 00:14:24,468 --> 00:14:26,251 the way that white women are. 297 00:14:26,251 --> 00:14:28,429 In Syria you have the rise 298 00:14:28,429 --> 00:14:31,297 of a number of authoritarian Islamist groups, 299 00:14:31,297 --> 00:14:35,022 which to varying degrees have placed restrictions on women 300 00:14:35,022 --> 00:14:36,882 in terms of their participation, 301 00:14:36,882 --> 00:14:40,357 or restrictions on movement or on dress. 302 00:14:40,357 --> 00:14:45,209 But with Daesh, we saw these extremes of horror 303 00:14:45,209 --> 00:14:47,674 being committed against women. 304 00:14:47,674 --> 00:14:50,576 The reintroduction of sexual slavery, 305 00:14:50,576 --> 00:14:53,999 also the policing of women in the social space 306 00:14:53,999 --> 00:14:57,605 – which was completely alien to Syrian society. 307 00:14:57,605 --> 00:15:00,312 But I think it's also important to recognize 308 00:15:00,312 --> 00:15:02,005 that women have been at the forefront 309 00:15:02,005 --> 00:15:03,661 of countering extremism. 310 00:15:03,661 --> 00:15:05,842 Of course, in the Kurdish areas 311 00:15:05,842 --> 00:15:09,395 the female fighters of the YPJ have really captured 312 00:15:09,395 --> 00:15:12,464 the world's imagination for the courage they've shown 313 00:15:12,464 --> 00:15:14,517 in fighting against Daesh. 314 00:15:14,517 --> 00:15:18,444 In Raqqa you had an amazing woman, Suad Nofal, 315 00:15:18,444 --> 00:15:21,677 who became an icon for Syrian revolutionaries 316 00:15:21,677 --> 00:15:23,695 because she carried out these one-woman 317 00:15:23,695 --> 00:15:26,885 demonstrations against Daesh for two months. 318 00:15:26,885 --> 00:15:31,006 Every day she was there protesting against them 319 00:15:31,006 --> 00:15:32,814 and calling on them to leave. 320 00:15:32,814 --> 00:15:36,138 And in Idlib, you've seen women at the forefront 321 00:15:36,138 --> 00:15:38,117 of protests against Nusra. 322 00:15:38,117 --> 00:15:39,971 I think it's important to recognize 323 00:15:39,971 --> 00:15:43,883 that many of these women are religious, hijab-wearing, 324 00:15:43,883 --> 00:15:45,061 Muslim women. 325 00:15:45,061 --> 00:15:48,402 But what they're saying is that they refuse to submit 326 00:15:48,402 --> 00:15:51,143 to the regime's tyranny, and they refuse any 327 00:15:51,143 --> 00:15:53,697 other tyranny that tries to replace it. 328 00:15:53,697 --> 00:15:56,605 And they refuse anyone who's trying to impose 329 00:15:56,605 --> 00:15:58,933 an authoritarian agenda on them, 330 00:15:58,933 --> 00:16:01,286 or dictate to them what they should wear 331 00:16:01,286 --> 00:16:03,351 or what their social role should be. 332 00:16:05,848 --> 00:16:08,405 According to the UN High Commission on Refugees, 333 00:16:08,405 --> 00:16:12,907 in 2017 there was a record 258 million migrants 334 00:16:12,907 --> 00:16:14,762 living in countries around the world. 335 00:16:14,762 --> 00:16:17,597 This figure includes almost 26 million people 336 00:16:17,597 --> 00:16:20,025 who are officially registered as refugees. 337 00:16:20,025 --> 00:16:21,760 And over the past several years, 338 00:16:21,760 --> 00:16:23,894 for the first time in recorded history, 339 00:16:23,894 --> 00:16:26,210 a majority of those forced to make these journeys 340 00:16:26,210 --> 00:16:27,866 have been women and children. 341 00:16:28,276 --> 00:16:29,722 The decision to leave your home, 342 00:16:29,722 --> 00:16:32,106 and the entire life that you've made for yourself, 343 00:16:32,106 --> 00:16:34,429 is one that nobody takes lightly. 344 00:16:34,429 --> 00:16:36,788 Forced migration is a terrifying flight 345 00:16:36,788 --> 00:16:38,808 into uncertainty and precarity 346 00:16:38,808 --> 00:16:41,313 ... and this is especially true for female refugees 347 00:16:41,313 --> 00:16:42,645 and migrant workers, 348 00:16:42,645 --> 00:16:45,058 who face a specific set of risks and dangers, 349 00:16:45,058 --> 00:16:46,722 on top of the many challenges shared 350 00:16:46,722 --> 00:16:48,373 by their male counterparts. 351 00:16:48,973 --> 00:16:51,207 As war, territorial dispossession, 352 00:16:51,207 --> 00:16:54,960 extreme economic inequality and climate change continue 353 00:16:54,960 --> 00:16:57,909 to destabilize our world, humanity sits poised 354 00:16:57,909 --> 00:17:00,570 on the threshold of an era of even greater levels 355 00:17:00,570 --> 00:17:02,704 of dislocation and displacement. 356 00:17:02,704 --> 00:17:04,611 And as this process accelerates, 357 00:17:04,611 --> 00:17:06,989 women will continue to bear the heaviest burden. 358 00:17:10,311 --> 00:17:13,674 The feminization of migration is basically the reality 359 00:17:13,674 --> 00:17:18,290 that women continue to be the most impacted by wars, 360 00:17:18,290 --> 00:17:22,416 by occupations, by militarism, by climate change, 361 00:17:22,416 --> 00:17:26,697 by forced poverty as a result of colonialism and neoliberalism. 362 00:17:26,697 --> 00:17:29,241 And that women are the ones that are primarily on the move. 363 00:17:29,241 --> 00:17:31,079 In the Global South 364 00:17:31,079 --> 00:17:34,866 – in much of Africa, Latin America, parts of Asia – 365 00:17:34,866 --> 00:17:38,067 what you have has been a massive level 366 00:17:38,067 --> 00:17:39,362 of impoverishment. 367 00:17:39,362 --> 00:17:44,435 Starting with the debt crisis in the late 1970s 368 00:17:44,435 --> 00:17:47,150 and then the application of programs 369 00:17:47,150 --> 00:17:48,883 of structural adjustment, 370 00:17:48,883 --> 00:17:51,785 which are brutal austerity programs. 371 00:17:51,785 --> 00:17:54,441 Y'know, what you have across the continents 372 00:17:54,441 --> 00:17:56,793 is a massive pauperization, 373 00:17:56,793 --> 00:18:00,350 which then has triggered big migratory flows. 374 00:18:00,350 --> 00:18:03,707 One of the biggest myths is this idea that 375 00:18:03,707 --> 00:18:05,479 the so-called 'west' and the Global North 376 00:18:05,479 --> 00:18:07,156 is so accepting towards refugees. 377 00:18:07,156 --> 00:18:08,621 The number of people that even make it 378 00:18:08,621 --> 00:18:10,245 to the Global North is a fraction. 379 00:18:10,245 --> 00:18:12,575 Most people who are displaced are displaced, y'know, 380 00:18:12,575 --> 00:18:13,899 within their countries of origin, 381 00:18:13,899 --> 00:18:15,657 or to neighbouring countries. 382 00:18:15,657 --> 00:18:17,844 The living conditions of displacement, 383 00:18:17,844 --> 00:18:19,979 the poverty, the hardship 384 00:18:19,979 --> 00:18:23,256 ... these things have increased domestic violence 385 00:18:23,256 --> 00:18:25,414 for women often living in camps. 386 00:18:25,414 --> 00:18:27,942 Because men will take out their frustration on 387 00:18:27,942 --> 00:18:29,403 the women in their families. 388 00:18:29,403 --> 00:18:33,070 I've spent a lot of time with refugees in Lebanon, 389 00:18:33,070 --> 00:18:34,808 in Jordan and in Iraq. 390 00:18:34,808 --> 00:18:38,449 And in all of those places I've met women that were 391 00:18:38,449 --> 00:18:41,847 organizing around issues of domestic violence 392 00:18:41,847 --> 00:18:43,073 or early marriage. 393 00:18:43,073 --> 00:18:45,320 The kinds of racism, and the anti-migrant backlash 394 00:18:45,320 --> 00:18:46,736 that we're dealing with all around the world 395 00:18:46,736 --> 00:18:47,832 – we're seeing this in Europe, 396 00:18:47,832 --> 00:18:49,614 we're seeing this with Rohingya refugees, 397 00:18:49,614 --> 00:18:51,435 we're seeing this in the Mediterranean, 398 00:18:51,435 --> 00:18:53,935 we're seeing this in New Zealand and Manus Island, 399 00:18:53,935 --> 00:18:55,098 in the United States and Canada 400 00:18:55,098 --> 00:18:55,927 ... really all over. 401 00:18:55,927 --> 00:18:57,240 Women actually make up more than half 402 00:18:57,240 --> 00:19:00,306 of the world's migrants and so women are dealing with that. 403 00:19:00,306 --> 00:19:01,557 And women are also dealing with 404 00:19:01,557 --> 00:19:04,349 the particular vulnerabilities of being women on the move, 405 00:19:04,349 --> 00:19:06,124 and facing fortified borders. 406 00:19:06,124 --> 00:19:08,670 So that means that, y'know, women are really vulnerable 407 00:19:08,670 --> 00:19:09,963 to rape and sexual violence. 408 00:19:09,963 --> 00:19:12,915 60% of women who are crossing the southern US border 409 00:19:12,915 --> 00:19:14,939 reported sexual violence at the border. 410 00:19:14,939 --> 00:19:17,042 It's just another level of something 411 00:19:17,042 --> 00:19:18,701 to be used against you. 412 00:19:18,701 --> 00:19:23,615 Undocumented women who are in domestic abuse situations, 413 00:19:23,615 --> 00:19:26,016 or who have been sexually assaulted, 414 00:19:26,016 --> 00:19:28,396 have little to no recourse. 415 00:19:28,396 --> 00:19:30,265 The fear of being deported, 416 00:19:30,265 --> 00:19:32,308 the fear of being separated from your children, 417 00:19:32,308 --> 00:19:36,069 the aggressive deportation tactics that are being used 418 00:19:36,069 --> 00:19:39,346 ... leaves women so much more unprotected. 419 00:19:39,346 --> 00:19:42,782 They have to face years of isolation, 420 00:19:42,782 --> 00:19:45,724 exclusion, including violence. 421 00:19:45,724 --> 00:19:48,072 Because many times when they arrive 422 00:19:48,072 --> 00:19:49,802 they don't have all the proper documents, 423 00:19:49,802 --> 00:19:52,258 or their documents are taken away from them. 424 00:19:52,258 --> 00:19:53,837 And they become exposed 425 00:19:53,837 --> 00:19:57,401 to very brutal forms of exploitation. 426 00:19:57,401 --> 00:19:59,188 So people are unwilling to speak out. 427 00:19:59,188 --> 00:20:00,991 People are unwilling to speak out against 428 00:20:00,991 --> 00:20:02,922 unfair working conditions, 429 00:20:02,922 --> 00:20:05,316 or sexual harassment by their employers. 430 00:20:05,316 --> 00:20:07,140 Always and forever again, y'know, 431 00:20:07,140 --> 00:20:08,957 in the interests of their children. 432 00:20:08,957 --> 00:20:12,389 Of survival. Of being able to make a life 433 00:20:12,389 --> 00:20:14,571 after being forced out of your homeland. 434 00:20:14,571 --> 00:20:17,030 Women migrants are also, again as often being 435 00:20:17,030 --> 00:20:18,812 the primary caregivers to their children, 436 00:20:18,812 --> 00:20:21,159 are often the ones who are responsible for 437 00:20:21,159 --> 00:20:23,217 the well-being of their kids while they're on the move. 438 00:20:23,217 --> 00:20:24,991 Or are dealing with family separations. 439 00:20:24,991 --> 00:20:26,484 So are separated from their kids 440 00:20:26,484 --> 00:20:27,887 ... sometimes for decades. 441 00:20:27,887 --> 00:20:31,283 And so these are completely related to patriarchy 442 00:20:31,283 --> 00:20:34,194 in terms of the burden that women face, 443 00:20:34,194 --> 00:20:36,130 of reproductive labour and domestic labour 444 00:20:36,130 --> 00:20:37,141 within the home. 445 00:20:37,141 --> 00:20:39,328 If we look at communities that are still land-based 446 00:20:39,328 --> 00:20:41,426 – so Indigenous communities, peasant-based communities, 447 00:20:41,426 --> 00:20:42,608 farming communities, 448 00:20:42,608 --> 00:20:44,303 in the vast majority of the Global South – 449 00:20:44,303 --> 00:20:46,118 we know that women are on the front lines 450 00:20:46,118 --> 00:20:47,812 of tending to their homes. 451 00:20:47,812 --> 00:20:50,400 To their subsistence-based economies in their communities 452 00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:51,507 and their villages. 453 00:20:51,507 --> 00:20:54,565 And so when we are faced with, for example, climate change 454 00:20:54,565 --> 00:20:56,221 – whether it's drought or flooding, 455 00:20:56,221 --> 00:20:58,607 it's women who are forced to leave. 456 00:20:58,607 --> 00:21:01,305 Because women are actually often the primary breadwinners 457 00:21:01,305 --> 00:21:03,740 in communities where people still are 458 00:21:03,740 --> 00:21:04,899 rooted in the land. 459 00:21:04,899 --> 00:21:08,622 When your entire identity, and your entire livelihood, 460 00:21:08,622 --> 00:21:12,256 and your spiritual practices are all land-based, 461 00:21:12,256 --> 00:21:14,525 and you're forced to leave the land. 462 00:21:14,525 --> 00:21:18,157 When you can no longer go to your sacred places. 463 00:21:18,157 --> 00:21:22,110 Where your stories of origin sprout from. 464 00:21:22,110 --> 00:21:24,578 Where your people came from. 465 00:21:24,578 --> 00:21:28,290 The cultural genocide that happens is immeasurable. 466 00:21:28,490 --> 00:21:31,197 The use of women to support colonial 467 00:21:31,197 --> 00:21:35,386 or imperialist intervention is nothing new. 468 00:21:35,386 --> 00:21:37,605 The entire project of colonization, 469 00:21:37,605 --> 00:21:41,397 of the civilizing mission that dates back 500 years, 470 00:21:41,397 --> 00:21:43,475 has often used a feminist logic. 471 00:21:43,475 --> 00:21:46,743 And these kinds of narratives are possible because, 472 00:21:46,743 --> 00:21:50,047 of course, one of the ways which imperialism works 473 00:21:50,047 --> 00:21:52,522 is to exclude native voices. 474 00:21:52,522 --> 00:21:55,629 And this is something that Gayatri Spivak calls 475 00:21:55,629 --> 00:21:59,071 “the very old civilizing logic of white men and white women 476 00:21:59,071 --> 00:22:01,413 saving brown women from brown men.” 477 00:22:01,413 --> 00:22:03,836 Women's bodies being used as a tool in the 478 00:22:03,836 --> 00:22:06,486 regurgitation of these orientalist 479 00:22:06,486 --> 00:22:10,122 and islamophobic tropes come not just from states, 480 00:22:10,122 --> 00:22:12,962 but sadly also from many western leftists 481 00:22:12,962 --> 00:22:14,415 or western feminists. 482 00:22:14,415 --> 00:22:17,607 People go to Syria on regime-sponsored trips, 483 00:22:17,607 --> 00:22:20,836 and then they come back and they write articles about 484 00:22:20,836 --> 00:22:23,497 how they saw women in bikinis on the beach, 485 00:22:23,497 --> 00:22:26,606 or women drinking alcohol in night clubs. 486 00:22:26,606 --> 00:22:28,525 And the message that that sends is: 487 00:22:28,525 --> 00:22:32,374 “OK... genocide's okay, as long as the social and 488 00:22:32,374 --> 00:22:36,254 liberated elite of Damascus can party in bikinis.” 489 00:22:36,254 --> 00:22:38,274 And it's obviously absurd. 490 00:22:38,274 --> 00:22:40,501 The thing about feminism is that 491 00:22:40,501 --> 00:22:43,493 it can take on so many different forms. 492 00:22:43,493 --> 00:22:46,033 And so it is not uncommon for the state, 493 00:22:46,033 --> 00:22:49,790 and particularly Empire, to take on feminism 494 00:22:49,790 --> 00:22:52,094 as a putatively progressive logic. 495 00:22:52,094 --> 00:22:53,540 And we also see it similarly in 496 00:22:53,540 --> 00:22:54,757 the Prison-Industrial-Complex, 497 00:22:54,757 --> 00:22:56,535 where we're told that we need more prisons 498 00:22:56,535 --> 00:22:57,785 and we need more cops. 499 00:22:57,785 --> 00:22:59,431 Because we need to protect women. 500 00:22:59,431 --> 00:23:01,712 I think that it's important to highlight how Black women 501 00:23:01,712 --> 00:23:04,255 are affected by carcerality and by state violence. 502 00:23:04,255 --> 00:23:06,853 Black women are incarcerated at something like four times 503 00:23:06,853 --> 00:23:08,551 the rate of white women. 504 00:23:08,551 --> 00:23:10,363 The criminalization of Black women 505 00:23:10,363 --> 00:23:13,471 is also indicative of this idea of a public, 506 00:23:13,471 --> 00:23:16,297 and public safety that revolves around the threats 507 00:23:16,297 --> 00:23:17,427 to white women. 508 00:23:17,427 --> 00:23:19,486 Which includes all Black and Brown people. 509 00:23:19,486 --> 00:23:21,820 And so the police and prisons 510 00:23:21,820 --> 00:23:25,064 and military are part of an imperial logic. 511 00:23:25,064 --> 00:23:29,592 A part of the carceral state that uses, often, a feminist 512 00:23:29,592 --> 00:23:31,729 logic to advance white supremacy, 513 00:23:31,729 --> 00:23:33,021 to advance social control. 514 00:23:36,844 --> 00:23:39,349 It is often said that revolutionary theory 515 00:23:39,349 --> 00:23:41,528 is the domain of bearded old white men. 516 00:23:41,528 --> 00:23:44,958 Not only does this myth invisibilize the countless 517 00:23:44,958 --> 00:23:47,945 theoretical contributions made by female revolutionaries 518 00:23:47,945 --> 00:23:49,003 over the years, 519 00:23:49,003 --> 00:23:52,330 from Rosa Luxembourg to Comandanta Ramona, 520 00:23:52,330 --> 00:23:55,168 it also ignores the fact that during the long period 521 00:23:55,168 --> 00:23:57,676 when men enjoyed the near exclusive right to have 522 00:23:57,676 --> 00:24:00,150 their ideas published and debated, women were 523 00:24:00,150 --> 00:24:03,427 busy putting revolutionary theory into practice. 524 00:24:04,107 --> 00:24:06,500 From Louise Michel, who held down the barricades 525 00:24:06,500 --> 00:24:09,894 of the Paris Commune while tending to wounded comrades, 526 00:24:09,894 --> 00:24:10,824 to Lucy Parsons, 527 00:24:10,824 --> 00:24:13,203 co-founder of the Industrial Workers of the World 528 00:24:13,203 --> 00:24:15,904 and a woman the Chicago Police once described as 529 00:24:15,904 --> 00:24:18,328 “more dangerous than a thousand rioters”. 530 00:24:18,328 --> 00:24:19,541 From Emma Goldman, 531 00:24:19,541 --> 00:24:22,211 who once beat Johann Most on stage with a horsewhip 532 00:24:22,211 --> 00:24:23,540 for talking shit, 533 00:24:23,540 --> 00:24:25,117 to Maria Nikiforova, 534 00:24:25,117 --> 00:24:27,704 the feared Ukrainian anarchist military commander 535 00:24:27,704 --> 00:24:30,962 and executioner of White Guards and Bolsheviks alike. 536 00:24:30,962 --> 00:24:32,380 From Kanno Sugako, 537 00:24:32,380 --> 00:24:35,249 who was hanged at the age of 29 for her failed attempt 538 00:24:35,249 --> 00:24:37,256 to assassinate the Emperor of Japan, 539 00:24:37,256 --> 00:24:38,672 to Assata Shakur, 540 00:24:38,672 --> 00:24:41,745 who managed to escape the bowels of the US gulag system 541 00:24:41,745 --> 00:24:44,047 and has now been on the FBI's Most Wanted List 542 00:24:44,047 --> 00:24:45,581 for nearly four decades. 543 00:24:46,141 --> 00:24:47,879 Not to mention the countless other women 544 00:24:47,879 --> 00:24:50,056 who've carried out propaganda of the deed, 545 00:24:50,056 --> 00:24:53,350 rioted, led peasant revolts, and fought on the front lines 546 00:24:53,350 --> 00:24:55,062 of revolutions around the world. 547 00:24:55,062 --> 00:24:57,926 And to this day, women are still holding it down, 548 00:24:57,926 --> 00:25:00,467 taking the lead in countless struggles around the world, 549 00:25:00,467 --> 00:25:03,212 whether they're those waged against resource extraction 550 00:25:03,212 --> 00:25:05,715 and the ongoing theft of Indigenous lands, 551 00:25:05,715 --> 00:25:08,737 the liberation of Syrian territories from Daesh 552 00:25:08,737 --> 00:25:11,603 and the fight against Turkish aggression in Rojava, 553 00:25:11,603 --> 00:25:13,662 or the struggle against racist policing 554 00:25:13,662 --> 00:25:15,470 in the so-called United States. 555 00:25:16,138 --> 00:25:18,819 I think that any organizing should be feminist organizing. 556 00:25:18,819 --> 00:25:21,026 I think that if there is something that's affecting 557 00:25:21,026 --> 00:25:23,338 your community that you want to address, 558 00:25:23,338 --> 00:25:26,278 it should be with an anti-colonial, 559 00:25:26,278 --> 00:25:29,372 women-centered, matriarchal focus. 560 00:25:30,452 --> 00:25:33,614 And so for me the kind of feminism that 561 00:25:33,614 --> 00:25:36,632 I'm interested in talking about is not a kind of feminism 562 00:25:36,632 --> 00:25:38,636 that is interested in social control. 563 00:25:38,636 --> 00:25:41,361 Is not a feminism that is interested in 564 00:25:41,361 --> 00:25:44,155 who the fuck a CEO is, or who the next president 565 00:25:44,155 --> 00:25:46,003 is going to be, of Empire. 566 00:25:46,003 --> 00:25:47,854 But it's a kind of feminism that's based 567 00:25:47,854 --> 00:25:48,956 on liberation, right? 568 00:25:48,956 --> 00:25:50,979 That is anti-capitalist, that is anti-racist, 569 00:25:50,979 --> 00:25:52,080 and more and more and more. 570 00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:53,117 And that seeks freedom. 571 00:25:53,117 --> 00:25:54,807 Any kinds of feminism 572 00:25:54,807 --> 00:25:56,619 – imperial feminisms and otherwise – 573 00:25:56,619 --> 00:25:59,651 that seek more control, that seek more domination, 574 00:25:59,651 --> 00:26:02,842 are the antithesis of what feminism is about 575 00:26:02,842 --> 00:26:06,069 if we understand feminism to be a lens of liberation. 576 00:26:06,919 --> 00:26:10,596 I hope that the new emerging feminist movement 577 00:26:10,596 --> 00:26:13,134 is learning the lessons of the past. 578 00:26:13,134 --> 00:26:16,972 You cannot imagine to change the condition of women 579 00:26:16,972 --> 00:26:20,936 simply by shifting forms of exploitation. 580 00:26:20,936 --> 00:26:25,873 It's very important instead to understand, y'know, 581 00:26:25,873 --> 00:26:29,143 what are the structural mechanisms 582 00:26:29,143 --> 00:26:32,486 that allow for that exploitation? 583 00:26:32,486 --> 00:26:35,035 And this is where we have to organize. 584 00:26:36,725 --> 00:26:39,684 Feminist projects that are really exciting right now 585 00:26:39,684 --> 00:26:43,351 are feminisms that understand the different connections 586 00:26:43,351 --> 00:26:45,823 between all the different systems that we're living in. 587 00:26:46,593 --> 00:26:48,851 Working-class feminisms, for example. 588 00:26:48,851 --> 00:26:52,727 Feminisms that center the experiences of sex workers. 589 00:26:52,727 --> 00:26:55,312 Transfeminisms, Indigenous feminisms, 590 00:26:55,312 --> 00:26:56,888 Black feminisms, migrant feminisms, 591 00:26:56,888 --> 00:26:58,179 all of these things that understand 592 00:26:58,179 --> 00:26:59,715 that these systems are connected, 593 00:26:59,715 --> 00:27:01,333 and that feminism is not simply 594 00:27:01,333 --> 00:27:04,414 the advancement of some women at the expense of others. 595 00:27:04,414 --> 00:27:08,198 I'm also most interested in feminism that is aiming 596 00:27:08,198 --> 00:27:11,186 to visibilize all the different kinds of labour 597 00:27:11,186 --> 00:27:13,645 that exists in our society. 598 00:27:14,415 --> 00:27:16,715 We need to learn from their experiences. 599 00:27:16,715 --> 00:27:18,802 We need to promote their voices. 600 00:27:18,802 --> 00:27:21,193 And in that way, we can address some of this 601 00:27:21,193 --> 00:27:23,992 current imbalance and ensure that Syrian women 602 00:27:23,992 --> 00:27:27,368 are able to speak for and represent themselves. 603 00:27:28,278 --> 00:27:30,486 Just make a girl gang, you know? 604 00:27:30,486 --> 00:27:31,280 Everyone should just have 605 00:27:31,280 --> 00:27:33,043 their own girl gang in their neighbourhoods, 606 00:27:33,043 --> 00:27:34,271 and in their communities. 607 00:27:34,271 --> 00:27:35,736 Our movements will never be effective 608 00:27:35,736 --> 00:27:37,197 if we don't feel safe in them. 609 00:27:38,217 --> 00:27:40,069 Both anarchism and Black feminism 610 00:27:40,069 --> 00:27:43,420 are theorizing about the violence of racial capitalism. 611 00:27:43,420 --> 00:27:45,647 They're theorizing about the violence 612 00:27:45,647 --> 00:27:47,464 of the American state. 613 00:27:47,464 --> 00:27:48,870 To synthesize the two 614 00:27:48,870 --> 00:27:51,749 into a Black feminist anarchism, for example, 615 00:27:51,749 --> 00:27:55,703 would be to make more efficient the racial 616 00:27:55,703 --> 00:27:57,554 and gender critiques of the state. 617 00:27:57,554 --> 00:28:00,260 And to also racialize the anti-state 618 00:28:00,260 --> 00:28:02,483 politic of anarchism. 619 00:28:03,483 --> 00:28:06,722 I encourage women and femme folks 620 00:28:06,722 --> 00:28:10,045 to get involved in male-dominated spaces 621 00:28:10,045 --> 00:28:12,165 ... but go in and have each others' backs. 622 00:28:12,165 --> 00:28:14,472 And change those spaces into something 623 00:28:14,472 --> 00:28:17,386 that's more welcoming and more inclusive 624 00:28:17,386 --> 00:28:19,043 of people of all genders. 625 00:28:19,043 --> 00:28:24,370 And that doesn't necessarily mean making it less radical, 626 00:28:24,370 --> 00:28:27,351 or taking less confrontational action. 627 00:28:27,351 --> 00:28:30,510 And it doesn't mean shifting priorities to 628 00:28:30,510 --> 00:28:34,388 try to prioritize care work over revolutionary struggle, 629 00:28:34,388 --> 00:28:36,087 or aggressive or confrontational work. 630 00:28:36,087 --> 00:28:40,327 It means to re-contextualize those kinds of things 631 00:28:40,327 --> 00:28:42,750 as not in the realm of machismo, 632 00:28:42,750 --> 00:28:45,897 but as something that people of all genders engage in. 633 00:28:46,707 --> 00:28:50,136 I don't know that violence is always the answer, 634 00:28:50,136 --> 00:28:53,486 but I think in some situations it can be an answer. 635 00:28:53,486 --> 00:28:57,715 And if you're talking about femicide, rape culture, 636 00:28:57,715 --> 00:29:01,352 sexual violence, the rise of the misogynist right 637 00:29:01,352 --> 00:29:04,303 ... I think that's a situation in which everything 638 00:29:04,303 --> 00:29:06,660 should be on the table to at least discuss. 639 00:29:06,660 --> 00:29:09,405 You don't wanna give up your ability to engage in that way. 640 00:29:09,405 --> 00:29:10,938 That makes you very vulnerable. 641 00:29:10,938 --> 00:29:14,086 I don't believe in silver bullets 642 00:29:14,086 --> 00:29:16,345 ... or I think there's a lot of important 643 00:29:16,345 --> 00:29:18,894 and meaningful work to be done. 644 00:29:18,894 --> 00:29:21,295 That's less about the specific issue 645 00:29:21,295 --> 00:29:23,250 or area that you're focusing on, 646 00:29:23,250 --> 00:29:25,888 but more about how you're engaging with it. 647 00:29:25,888 --> 00:29:29,788 Are you looking at things beyond just individual actions? 648 00:29:29,788 --> 00:29:32,868 Trying to look at it in terms of collective responses 649 00:29:32,868 --> 00:29:35,088 ... material responses? 650 00:29:35,088 --> 00:29:37,953 Are you looking at trying to build autonomy 651 00:29:37,953 --> 00:29:39,367 outside of the state? 652 00:29:39,367 --> 00:29:42,151 Are you looking at trying to build a feminist politics 653 00:29:42,151 --> 00:29:46,352 that isn't just about petitioning to representatives 654 00:29:46,352 --> 00:29:50,327 or trying to get more institutional representation? 655 00:29:50,327 --> 00:29:52,849 I think the world is generally shit. 656 00:29:52,849 --> 00:29:55,207 But I think because it's generally shit, 657 00:29:55,207 --> 00:29:57,873 the only worthwhile thing to do is struggle. 658 00:29:57,873 --> 00:30:01,988 And I feel like there's a lot of really inspiring history 659 00:30:01,988 --> 00:30:04,127 and a lot of really amazing people 660 00:30:04,127 --> 00:30:06,472 who have fought back and struggled 661 00:30:06,472 --> 00:30:07,921 in a lot of different ways. 662 00:30:07,921 --> 00:30:09,224 And it's useful to sort of look at some of 663 00:30:09,224 --> 00:30:10,511 the different things that they did. 664 00:30:12,602 --> 00:30:14,218 Although there's still a long way to go 665 00:30:14,218 --> 00:30:16,655 to the abolition of gender-based inequality, 666 00:30:16,655 --> 00:30:19,281 the past few decades have seen major advancements 667 00:30:19,281 --> 00:30:20,735 for women around the world. 668 00:30:20,735 --> 00:30:22,674 Each step forward has been a struggle, 669 00:30:22,674 --> 00:30:25,057 as men of all stripes have sought to retain 670 00:30:25,057 --> 00:30:27,549 the various manifestations of power and control 671 00:30:27,549 --> 00:30:29,380 afforded them under patriarchy. 672 00:30:29,910 --> 00:30:32,207 But today, even many of these hard-fought victories 673 00:30:32,207 --> 00:30:34,106 are under threat of being clawed back 674 00:30:34,106 --> 00:30:36,533 by resurgent movements of male reaction, 675 00:30:36,533 --> 00:30:40,187 authoritarian nationalism and religious fundamentalism. 676 00:30:40,187 --> 00:30:42,837 From MRAs, who blame feminists 677 00:30:42,837 --> 00:30:45,968 for the many hardships that men face under capitalism 678 00:30:45,968 --> 00:30:48,699 to the violent misogyny that has embedded itself 679 00:30:48,699 --> 00:30:50,106 at the heart of the alt-right, 680 00:30:50,106 --> 00:30:52,401 to the religious fanaticism of Mike Pence 681 00:30:52,401 --> 00:30:53,813 and the Islamic State. 682 00:30:53,813 --> 00:30:55,964 This is no time for us to rest on the laurels 683 00:30:55,964 --> 00:30:57,655 of our past achievements 684 00:30:57,655 --> 00:31:00,491 ... it is crucial that we continue to deepen and extend 685 00:31:00,491 --> 00:31:03,076 the struggle against patriarchy on all fronts, 686 00:31:03,076 --> 00:31:06,112 and that we prepare ourselves for the battles to come. 687 00:31:06,112 --> 00:31:08,283 So at this point, we’d like to remind you 688 00:31:08,283 --> 00:31:11,099 that Trouble is intended to be watched in groups, 689 00:31:11,099 --> 00:31:13,453 and to be used as a resource to promote discussion 690 00:31:13,453 --> 00:31:15,068 and collective organizing. 691 00:31:15,068 --> 00:31:16,801 Are you interested in starting up 692 00:31:16,801 --> 00:31:18,943 a revolutionary feminist collective, 693 00:31:18,943 --> 00:31:21,771 or helping to better incorporate feminist analysis 694 00:31:21,771 --> 00:31:23,867 into your established organizing projects? 695 00:31:23,867 --> 00:31:25,724 Consider getting together with some comrades, 696 00:31:25,724 --> 00:31:27,342 organizing a screening of this film, 697 00:31:27,342 --> 00:31:29,181 and discussing what this would entail. 698 00:31:29,181 --> 00:31:31,420 Interested in running regular screenings of Trouble 699 00:31:31,420 --> 00:31:33,756 at your campus, infoshop, community center, 700 00:31:33,756 --> 00:31:35,916 or even just at home with friends? 701 00:31:35,916 --> 00:31:37,644 Become a Trouble-Maker! 702 00:31:37,644 --> 00:31:39,536 For 10 bucks a month, we’ll hook you up 703 00:31:39,536 --> 00:31:42,323 with an advanced copy of the show, and a screening kit 704 00:31:42,323 --> 00:31:44,544 featuring additional resources and some questions 705 00:31:44,544 --> 00:31:46,478 you can use to get a discussion going. 706 00:31:46,478 --> 00:31:49,710 If you can’t afford to support us financially, no worries! 707 00:31:49,710 --> 00:31:52,709 You can stream and/or download all our content for free 708 00:31:52,709 --> 00:31:53,634 off our website: 709 00:31:56,340 --> 00:31:58,523 If you’ve got any suggestions for show topics, 710 00:31:58,523 --> 00:32:01,067 or just want to get in touch, drop us a line at: 711 00:32:03,648 --> 00:32:05,514 This episode would not have been possible 712 00:32:05,514 --> 00:32:06,764 without the generous support of 713 00:32:06,764 --> 00:32:10,070 Carla, John, Devin and Nikos Pelasgos. 714 00:32:10,070 --> 00:32:12,052 Now get out there, and make some trouble!