0:00:02.921,0:00:05.479 Greetings Troublemakers[br]...welcome to Trouble. 0:00:05.479,0:00:07.415 My name is not important. 0:00:07.415,0:00:10.364 In the wake of the recent scandals [br]that have rocked Hollywood, 0:00:10.364,0:00:13.532 corporate media outlets, [br]academia, amateur sports 0:00:13.532,0:00:15.442 and, of course, Washington DC 0:00:15.442,0:00:18.394 ... the topic of sexual abuse [br]has become a recurring feature 0:00:18.394,0:00:20.383 on the American news cycle. 0:00:20.383,0:00:22.742 But while it’s good to see [br]a handful of powerful men 0:00:22.742,0:00:24.652 at least beginning [br]to be held accountable 0:00:24.652,0:00:26.511 for their misogynistic behaviour 0:00:26.511,0:00:28.897 ... the sexual harassment [br]and assault of women 0:00:28.897,0:00:30.554 is obviously nothing new. 0:00:30.554,0:00:33.636 And these recent stories are only [br]a microscopic representation 0:00:33.636,0:00:36.404 of a much more widespread [br]and systemic issue. 0:00:37.004,0:00:40.094 If even famous celebrities aren’t [br]safe from this type of abuse 0:00:40.094,0:00:42.283 ... what does that say [br]about the rest of us? 0:00:42.383,0:00:45.490 Sexual violence is [br]the foundation of patriarchy, 0:00:45.490,0:00:48.556 one of the oldest and most [br]insidious systems of domination 0:00:48.556,0:00:49.744 in human history. 0:00:49.744,0:00:51.824 This violence takes many forms 0:00:51.824,0:00:53.990 from rape [br]and sexual exploitation, 0:00:53.990,0:00:56.663 to the imposition of [br]misogynistic beauty standards 0:00:56.663,0:00:57.877 and gender norms, 0:00:57.877,0:01:00.903 to laws and social taboos [br]that seek to control 0:01:00.903,0:01:03.249 women's sexuality, [br]bodily autonomy 0:01:03.249,0:01:04.985 and reproductive health. 0:01:04.985,0:01:08.973 Patriarchy is intricately woven[br]into the very fabric of society; 0:01:08.973,0:01:10.991 it is rooted in [br]the nuclear family 0:01:10.991,0:01:13.361 and the ways in which [br]children are raised differently 0:01:13.361,0:01:15.928 depending on the gender [br]they're assigned at birth. 0:01:15.928,0:01:17.866 It is encoded into our language, 0:01:17.866,0:01:20.528 and amplified by religion [br]and popular culture, 0:01:20.528,0:01:22.810 helping to shape our [br]perceptions of the world, 0:01:22.810,0:01:23.966 and our place in it. 0:01:23.966,0:01:27.475 It plays out in countless [br]everyday experiences and actions, 0:01:27.475,0:01:30.718 forming a self-perpetuating [br]and self-reinforcing cycle 0:01:30.718,0:01:32.804 that is passed down [br]through generations, 0:01:32.804,0:01:34.995 extending its influence [br]into all spheres of 0:01:34.995,0:01:37.002 human activity and behaviour. 0:01:37.002,0:01:39.658 But far from accepting [br]the role of eternal victim, 0:01:39.658,0:01:42.460 throughout history, women [br]have consistently pushed back 0:01:42.460,0:01:45.327 against patriarchal systems [br]of social, political 0:01:45.327,0:01:47.055 and economic control. 0:01:47.055,0:01:49.244 Today, we are at the [br]forefront of revolutionary 0:01:49.244,0:01:52.564 anti-capitalist and anti-colonial[br]movements around the world, 0:01:52.564,0:01:54.995 in addition to playing [br]leading roles in resistance 0:01:54.995,0:01:57.578 against white supremacy [br]and police terror, 0:01:57.578,0:01:59.626 for LGBTQ liberation, 0:01:59.626,0:02:00.763 and against ableism, 0:02:00.763,0:02:04.195 carceral psychology and [br]the prison-industrial complex. 0:02:04.195,0:02:05.611 Over the next thirty minutes 0:02:05.611,0:02:07.451 we'll highlight some of [br]the ongoing struggles 0:02:07.451,0:02:09.249 faced by women across the globe 0:02:09.249,0:02:11.912 and speak with a number [br]of badass commentators 0:02:11.912,0:02:14.123 as they talk about [br]confronting social taboos, 0:02:14.123,0:02:15.874 fighting back against sexism, 0:02:15.874,0:02:17.976 subverting systems [br]of male domination 0:02:17.976,0:02:19.672 ... and making [br]a whole lot of trouble. 0:02:45.388,0:02:49.294 In a word, I would define [br]patriarchy as conquest. 0:02:49.294,0:02:51.709 Beyond just sort of [br]everyday prejudices, 0:02:51.709,0:02:55.812 it is a system of power [br]that is institutionalized 0:02:55.812,0:02:58.426 in various facets of [br]our everday life. 0:02:58.426,0:03:01.398 A social, economic, [br]political system 0:03:01.398,0:03:03.493 that's rooted in [br]gender oppression. 0:03:03.493,0:03:06.434 The system of [br]racialized gender regulation 0:03:06.434,0:03:10.149 that socially and materially [br]privileges manhood, 0:03:10.149,0:03:12.409 and men... and masculinity. 0:03:12.409,0:03:14.809 Trans, queer [br]and non-binary folks, 0:03:14.809,0:03:18.676 and all the things, [br]behaviours and attributes 0:03:18.676,0:03:20.994 that we would associate [br]with the feminine, 0:03:20.994,0:03:24.694 or femininity [br]is deemed to be inferior. 0:03:24.694,0:03:28.181 It's a social system [br]that establishes, 0:03:28.181,0:03:31.617 codifies the supremacy, 0:03:31.617,0:03:35.696 the superiority of men in [br]every sphere of social life 0:03:35.696,0:03:36.856 over women. 0:03:36.856,0:03:39.764 The struggles of [br]women across the world 0:03:39.764,0:03:42.430 show that there's [br]a lot of common issues, 0:03:42.430,0:03:45.808 such as their under-representation[br]or marginalization 0:03:45.808,0:03:49.147 in cultural, economic [br]and political spheres. 0:03:49.147,0:03:52.684 One of the unifying [br]characteristics of patriarchy 0:03:52.684,0:03:58.317 that is seen around the world [br]is the imposition of 0:03:58.317,0:04:02.356 a gender binary, with [br]violence committed against 0:04:02.356,0:04:04.496 those who do not fit [br]into the stereotypes 0:04:04.496,0:04:06.681 – into the expected [br]representations[br] 0:04:06.681,0:04:08.877 of what is masculine[br]or what is feminine. 0:04:08.877,0:04:12.114 The patriarchal system, as a[br]system of gender regulation, 0:04:12.114,0:04:14.232 revolves around transmisogyny 0:04:14.232,0:04:17.030 – which patriarchy [br]understands as a punishment 0:04:17.030,0:04:18.240 of failed masculinity. 0:04:18.240,0:04:21.632 Because trans women are not[br]understood as being real women 0:04:21.632,0:04:23.245 but rather as failed men. 0:04:23.245,0:04:26.798 And the violence against trans[br]women serves a twofold purpose. 0:04:26.798,0:04:30.465 It allows cis men [br]to reassert and re-establish 0:04:30.465,0:04:34.517 their own sense of masculinity[br]by punishing trans women 0:04:34.517,0:04:37.828 for their own insecurity [br]about their heterosexuality, 0:04:37.828,0:04:40.362 and their attraction to [br]trans women, which calls 0:04:40.362,0:04:41.977 their whole [br]manhood into question. 0:04:41.977,0:04:44.580 And then it also serves [br]a warning to trans women. 0:04:44.580,0:04:48.032 The kind of uniform [br]experience of patriarchy, 0:04:48.032,0:04:49.338 if there was to be one[br]... because of course 0:04:49.338,0:04:53.222 patriarchy is experienced [br]differently by different genders 0:04:53.222,0:04:57.830 and many other identities [br]that overlap with patriarchy 0:04:57.830,0:05:00.101 – but is particularly, the subjugation 0:05:00.101,0:05:02.836 especially if we look at [br]subjugation and inequality 0:05:02.836,0:05:04.582 in intimate relationships, 0:05:04.582,0:05:05.993 and in the so-called [br]'domestic spheres.' 0:05:05.993,0:05:08.966 So that's one of the ways [br]in which patriarchy 0:05:08.966,0:05:12.814 continues to be so dominant, [br]and yet so invisible. 0:05:12.814,0:05:16.604 Patriarchal relations, the [br]dominance of men over women, 0:05:16.604,0:05:20.026 it's a consequence usually 0:05:20.026,0:05:23.305 of a system that [br]exploits human labour. 0:05:23.305,0:05:26.462 And therefore [br]the control over women, 0:05:26.462,0:05:30.864 over their reproductive capacity,[br]over their domestic work 0:05:30.864,0:05:34.983 – it's in fact a goal, at least[br]of those who control society. 0:05:34.983,0:05:37.328 Patriarchy is, [br]at least in my view, 0:05:37.328,0:05:39.388 connected with a class system. 0:05:39.388,0:05:43.465 With a system of exploitation [br]that goes beyond the relations 0:05:43.465,0:05:44.807 between men and women. 0:05:44.807,0:05:49.240 Economically, the subordination[br]of women and femmes 0:05:49.240,0:05:53.526 plays out in pay gaps[br]and in the way that 0:05:53.526,0:05:57.129 women's labour is undervalued,[br]regardless of what it is. 0:05:57.129,0:05:59.666 And whether it's [br]in more traditional ways 0:05:59.666,0:06:02.972 ... if it's curanderas, [br]or medicine people, 0:06:02.972,0:06:04.883 it's typically more women. 0:06:04.883,0:06:08.394 When we talk about[br]the ancestral knowledge 0:06:08.394,0:06:11.304 that's passed down [br]from grandmothers 0:06:11.304,0:06:14.928 through matrilineal connections[br]- that kind of knowledge 0:06:14.928,0:06:17.119 is dismissed more often. 0:06:17.119,0:06:22.207 There is an appropriation[br]of the genius of women. 0:06:22.207,0:06:26.267 Of the work of women[br]that men take credit for. 0:06:26.267,0:06:29.027 All those clichés about there[br]always being, y'know, 0:06:29.027,0:06:30.653 'behind every great man [br]there's a woman.' 0:06:30.653,0:06:33.682 Like, behind every great woman[br]there's ten more women 0:06:33.682,0:06:37.721 that are badass and that have[br]worked to uplift each other 0:06:37.721,0:06:41.320 and to encourage each other [br]to find their power 0:06:41.320,0:06:42.696 and to find their voices. 0:06:42.696,0:06:44.061 Patriarchy ignores all that. 0:06:44.061,0:06:47.750 Patriarchy erases the genius [br]of women throughout history. 0:06:47.750,0:06:50.133 It erases the efforts[br]that we put in 0:06:50.133,0:06:53.037 to help our [br]communities be thriving. 0:06:53.037,0:06:54.551 To help our [br]children be thriving. 0:06:54.551,0:06:59.403 I've spoken of 'the patriarchy[br]of the wage' to define, 0:06:59.403,0:07:03.046 y'know, the way [br]in which capitalism maintains 0:07:03.046,0:07:04.902 gender-based hierarchies. 0:07:04.902,0:07:08.415 The patriarchy of the wage [br]says that, 0:07:08.415,0:07:10.878 or implies, [br]the wage relation. 0:07:10.878,0:07:16.334 And the fact that capitalism [br]organizes much of 0:07:16.334,0:07:20.291 women's work on [br]an unpaid basis as being 0:07:20.291,0:07:25.077 a fundamental material [br]condition for the creation 0:07:25.077,0:07:26.845 of patriarchal control. 0:07:26.845,0:07:30.385 We saw very recently [br]with the #MeToo movement, 0:07:30.385,0:07:35.773 how the issue of harassment [br]or abuse against women 0:07:35.773,0:07:37.346 is something that really [br]transcends 0:07:37.346,0:07:41.789 all class lines [br]and all culture lines. 0:07:41.789,0:07:45.703 It's also important to state[br]that patriarchy 0:07:45.703,0:07:50.592 does not imply that all men[br]have power over all women. 0:07:50.592,0:07:53.731 Take the case of the[br]United States, for instance. 0:07:53.731,0:07:57.391 It's clear that the race relation[br]has a profound effect 0:07:57.391,0:07:59.597 in the definition also 0:07:59.597,0:08:03.032 of whose men have power[br]over whose women. 0:08:03.032,0:08:05.794 I think about patriarchy, [br]not only in the way 0:08:05.794,0:08:07.308 that it affects women, [br]but in the way 0:08:07.308,0:08:09.322 that it affects men [br]in our communities. 0:08:09.322,0:08:10.717 It stunts their growth. 0:08:10.717,0:08:13.349 It stunts their [br]capacity for accountability, 0:08:13.349,0:08:14.653 their emotional depth. 0:08:14.653,0:08:18.532 Their willingness to grow [br]and to understand 0:08:18.532,0:08:21.201 that they can become [br]better human beings, 0:08:21.201,0:08:23.073 more connected[br]to their spirituality. 0:08:23.073,0:08:26.166 More connected to [br]their purpose in this life. 0:08:26.166,0:08:28.933 Especially in [br]– when folks talk about, 0:08:28.933,0:08:32.746 y'know, a revolutionary sense,[br]there's this stereotype 0:08:32.746,0:08:34.887 of having to be hard [br]and super militant. 0:08:34.887,0:08:36.445 And we absolutely need that. 0:08:36.445,0:08:38.848 We absolutely need[br]to defend our communities. 0:08:38.848,0:08:41.996 But we also need to be able to[br]communicate with each other. 0:08:41.996,0:08:46.120 And to be reasonable,[br]and to not default to anger. 0:08:48.241,0:08:49.575 In the Book of Genesis, 0:08:49.575,0:08:52.031 which just so happens to be [br]the main creation story 0:08:52.031,0:08:54.813 for the world's combined [br]4.2 billion adherents 0:08:54.813,0:08:57.315 of Judaism,[br]Christianity and Islam 0:08:57.315,0:08:59.573 ... it's a bit of[br]an understatement to say that 0:08:59.573,0:09:02.283 women don't exactly [br]come out looking so great. 0:09:02.283,0:09:04.508 And if the no-doubt[br]male authors of this text 0:09:04.508,0:09:07.619 are to be believed[br]... it's all Eve's fault. 0:09:08.289,0:09:11.295 Because even after being [br]granted an earthly paradise 0:09:11.295,0:09:12.705 to frolic around in, 0:09:12.705,0:09:15.460 this ungrateful harlot [br]did the one thing 0:09:15.460,0:09:18.605 that her benevolent male[br]God had told her not to do. 0:09:18.605,0:09:21.551 And worse than that,[br]she roped her husband 0:09:21.551,0:09:24.540 into taking the blame with her[br]... even after he gave up 0:09:24.540,0:09:26.972 one of his ribs [br]so that she could be created. 0:09:26.972,0:09:29.558 By eating the forbidden apple[br]from the Tree of Knowledge, 0:09:29.558,0:09:32.183 Eve was responsible[br]for original sin 0:09:32.183,0:09:34.808 ... and ultimately [br]the downfall of humanity. 0:09:34.808,0:09:36.026 Pretty heavy. 0:09:36.026,0:09:37.559 And for thousands of years, 0:09:37.559,0:09:39.739 the chief institutions [br]of organized religion 0:09:39.739,0:09:41.762 have done everything [br]that they could to ensure 0:09:41.762,0:09:43.821 that nobody forgot[br]the awful truth 0:09:43.821,0:09:45.391 wrapped up[br]in this vicious lie. 0:09:45.941,0:09:50.002 The Catholic Church [br]has played a major major role 0:09:50.002,0:09:55.511 in terms of fostering a [br]misogynist conception of women. 0:09:55.861,0:09:58.156 The Church had [br]a tremendous role, 0:09:58.156,0:10:01.961 in particular, [br]in defining women's sexuality 0:10:01.961,0:10:03.490 as something sinful. 0:10:03.490,0:10:05.909 As something that [br]has to be controlled. 0:10:05.909,0:10:08.693 So the woman [br]is the great sinner. 0:10:09.343,0:10:12.351 The woman is the one [br]who has to cover herself, 0:10:12.351,0:10:16.235 because she is a continuous[br]temptation for men. 0:10:16.235,0:10:21.862 Sexuality is a very intense,[br]potentially subversive force. 0:10:21.862,0:10:25.170 Y'know, but here [br]I would add immediately 0:10:25.170,0:10:29.237 that the concerns of [br]the Church were also shared 0:10:29.237,0:10:32.201 by the political [br]and legal authorities. 0:10:32.201,0:10:35.975 Because particularly in the [br]developing capitalist system 0:10:35.975,0:10:37.813 at the end of the Middle Ages, 0:10:37.813,0:10:40.726 y'know, the question of [br]the control of sexuality, 0:10:40.726,0:10:44.805 the control of procreation, [br]became a strategic issue. 0:10:44.805,0:10:47.384 Became a strategic objective. 0:10:47.384,0:10:49.243 Those same techniques, 0:10:49.243,0:10:55.134 values that were permeated [br]by a devaluation of women 0:10:55.134,0:10:56.592 ... were exported. 0:10:57.192,0:11:00.703 Throughout colonization, [br]Christianity used the bible 0:11:00.703,0:11:04.223 and its stories [br]to prove that patriarchy 0:11:04.223,0:11:06.119 was the will of God. 0:11:06.119,0:11:09.030 The Christian, [br]Catholic religions 0:11:09.030,0:11:12.170 that have been imposed here [br]deify men. 0:11:12.170,0:11:14.518 And deify God as a man. 0:11:14.518,0:11:17.946 And they don't have any room [br]for the sacred feminine. 0:11:17.946,0:11:22.469 Colonization needed to [br]divide and destroy communities 0:11:22.469,0:11:25.093 in order to gain [br]access to land. 0:11:25.093,0:11:28.278 And upon arrival, [br]settlers noticed very quickly 0:11:28.278,0:11:30.898 that Indigenous women [br]often held positions 0:11:30.898,0:11:32.998 of power in their communities, 0:11:32.998,0:11:34.926 and in their own [br]governance systems. 0:11:34.926,0:11:38.085 And so while there were [br]generalized attacks 0:11:38.085,0:11:39.003 on Indigenous communities, 0:11:39.003,0:11:40.475 there were [br]very specific attacks 0:11:40.475,0:11:42.860 aimed directly at [br]Indigenous women. 0:11:42.860,0:11:44.997 Looking back at history, 0:11:44.997,0:11:47.012 looking back [br]at resource extraction 0:11:47.012,0:11:50.770 ... the ways that all of our [br]non-human relatives have 0:11:50.770,0:11:55.043 been treated and commodified[br]and stolen and sold 0:11:55.043,0:11:57.588 ... it seems to me that [br]people from those religions 0:11:57.588,0:11:59.206 don't hold much sacred. 0:11:59.206,0:12:02.728 One of the first things they did [br]was convince the men 0:12:02.728,0:12:05.473 in those communities [br]that their equality to women 0:12:05.473,0:12:07.329 was a sign of inferiority. 0:12:07.329,0:12:08.522 And this was done [br]through religion 0:12:08.522,0:12:10.185 and a variety [br]of different ways, 0:12:10.185,0:12:12.896 and actually got them [br]to aid in the process 0:12:12.896,0:12:15.402 of removing women from[br]those positions of power. 0:12:15.402,0:12:18.795 The way that [br]colonizers invaded, 0:12:18.795,0:12:21.944 and continue to invade [br]and destroy 0:12:21.944,0:12:25.857 and disrespect [br]the land that gives us life 0:12:25.857,0:12:30.337 ... is an extreme parallel [br]to the ways that colonizers 0:12:30.337,0:12:34.988 also inflict abuse[br]on Native women in particular. 0:12:35.758,0:12:38.957 The MMIW movement in Canada 0:12:38.957,0:12:43.480 has been an Indigenous-led [br]response to the crisis of 0:12:43.480,0:12:47.394 over-representation of Inuit,[br]Métis and First Nations women 0:12:47.394,0:12:49.981 in missing persons [br]and homicide cases. 0:12:49.981,0:12:52.478 Indigenous women make up [br]4% of the population, 0:12:52.478,0:12:55.751 but 16% of the [br]homicide rates in Canada. 0:12:55.751,0:12:57.950 Deaths and disappearances [br]of Indigenous women 0:12:57.950,0:13:00.837 are often ignored [br]or mishandled by the police. 0:13:00.837,0:13:02.541 The Tina Fontaine verdict 0:13:02.541,0:13:05.296 ... the recent not-guilty [br]verdict in that case, 0:13:05.296,0:13:06.999 which was pretty devastating 0:13:06.999,0:13:09.299 – you see this kind [br]of thing play out. 0:13:09.299,0:13:10.953 And so you see things like, 0:13:10.953,0:13:13.698 just before the verdict being [br]announced, The Globe and Mail 0:13:13.698,0:13:17.048 doing an entire front-page [br]article talking about how 0:13:17.048,0:13:19.551 she had drugs [br]and alcohol in her system 0:13:19.551,0:13:20.480 when she was found. 0:13:20.480,0:13:24.275 As if that somehow justifies [br]her being murdered 0:13:24.275,0:13:26.578 and thrown into the river [br]in a sleeping bag. 0:13:27.589,0:13:31.825 The European [br]systems of religion, 0:13:31.825,0:13:36.349 of social structures [br]are all based on hierarchy. 0:13:36.349,0:13:39.051 The hierarchies that [br]are in place now place women 0:13:39.051,0:13:42.562 – women of colour – [br]at the very bottom. 0:13:42.562,0:13:45.723 The Jezebel is one of [br]the controlling images 0:13:45.723,0:13:48.546 of Black womanhood [br]that's grounded in this idea 0:13:48.546,0:13:52.344 that Black women are [br]uniquely sexually aggressive 0:13:52.344,0:13:54.729 and uncontrollably [br]promiscuous, 0:13:54.729,0:13:57.551 and hyper-sexual [br]and animalistic. 0:13:57.551,0:13:59.800 And it relates to chattel [br]slavery in the United States 0:13:59.800,0:14:02.311 in that enslaved Black women [br]were subjected 0:14:02.311,0:14:04.606 to sexual violence [br]by their masters. 0:14:04.606,0:14:08.571 Because they were seen [br]solely as bodies that existed 0:14:08.571,0:14:11.891 for sexual consumption and[br]sexual domination by white men. 0:14:11.891,0:14:14.023 This has fed into [br]a contemporary idea 0:14:14.023,0:14:16.368 that Black women [br]are 'un-rapeable'. 0:14:16.368,0:14:20.120 That we are purely sexual [br]beings that always want sex. 0:14:20.120,0:14:22.089 And so when we are [br]victimized sexually, 0:14:22.089,0:14:24.468 we're not understood [br]as being legitimate victims 0:14:24.468,0:14:26.251 the way that white women are. 0:14:26.251,0:14:28.429 In Syria you have the rise 0:14:28.429,0:14:31.297 of a number of [br]authoritarian Islamist groups, 0:14:31.297,0:14:35.022 which to varying degrees have[br]placed restrictions on women 0:14:35.022,0:14:36.882 in terms of [br]their participation, 0:14:36.882,0:14:40.357 or restrictions on movement [br]or on dress. 0:14:40.357,0:14:45.209 But with Daesh, we saw [br]these extremes of horror 0:14:45.209,0:14:47.674 being committed against women. 0:14:47.674,0:14:50.576 The reintroduction [br]of sexual slavery, 0:14:50.576,0:14:53.999 also the policing of [br]women in the social space 0:14:53.999,0:14:57.605 – which was completely [br]alien to Syrian society. 0:14:57.605,0:15:00.312 But I think it's also [br]important to recognize 0:15:00.312,0:15:02.005 that women have been [br]at the forefront 0:15:02.005,0:15:03.661 of countering extremism. 0:15:03.661,0:15:05.842 Of course, [br]in the Kurdish areas 0:15:05.842,0:15:09.395 the female fighters of the YPJ[br]have really captured 0:15:09.395,0:15:12.464 the world's imagination [br]for the courage they've shown 0:15:12.464,0:15:14.517 in fighting against Daesh. 0:15:14.517,0:15:18.444 In Raqqa you had [br]an amazing woman, Suad Nofal, 0:15:18.444,0:15:21.677 who became an icon [br]for Syrian revolutionaries 0:15:21.677,0:15:23.695 because she carried out [br]these one-woman 0:15:23.695,0:15:26.885 demonstrations against Daesh [br]for two months. 0:15:26.885,0:15:31.006 Every day she was there [br]protesting against them 0:15:31.006,0:15:32.814 and calling on them to leave. 0:15:32.814,0:15:36.138 And in Idlib, you've seen [br]women at the forefront 0:15:36.138,0:15:38.117 of protests against Nusra. 0:15:38.117,0:15:39.971 I think it's important [br]to recognize 0:15:39.971,0:15:43.883 that many of these women [br]are religious, hijab-wearing, 0:15:43.883,0:15:45.061 Muslim women. 0:15:45.061,0:15:48.402 But what they're saying is [br]that they refuse to submit 0:15:48.402,0:15:51.143 to the regime's tyranny, [br]and they refuse any 0:15:51.143,0:15:53.697 other tyranny [br]that tries to replace it. 0:15:53.697,0:15:56.605 And they refuse anyone [br]who's trying to impose 0:15:56.605,0:15:58.933 an authoritarian [br]agenda on them, 0:15:58.933,0:16:01.286 or dictate to them [br]what they should wear 0:16:01.286,0:16:03.351 or what their [br]social role should be. 0:16:05.848,0:16:08.405 According to the UN [br]High Commission on Refugees, 0:16:08.405,0:16:12.907 in 2017 there was [br]a record 258 million migrants 0:16:12.907,0:16:14.762 living in countries [br]around the world. 0:16:14.762,0:16:17.597 This figure includes [br]almost 26 million people 0:16:17.597,0:16:20.025 who are officially [br]registered as refugees. 0:16:20.025,0:16:21.760 And over [br]the past several years, 0:16:21.760,0:16:23.894 for the first time [br]in recorded history, 0:16:23.894,0:16:26.210 a majority of those [br]forced to make these journeys 0:16:26.210,0:16:27.866 have been women and children. 0:16:28.276,0:16:29.722 The decision to [br]leave your home, 0:16:29.722,0:16:32.106 and the entire life that[br]you've made for yourself, 0:16:32.106,0:16:34.429 is one that [br]nobody takes lightly. 0:16:34.429,0:16:36.788 Forced migration is [br]a terrifying flight 0:16:36.788,0:16:38.808 into uncertainty and precarity 0:16:38.808,0:16:41.313 ... and this is especially true [br]for female refugees 0:16:41.313,0:16:42.645 and migrant workers, 0:16:42.645,0:16:45.058 who face a specific [br]set of risks and dangers, 0:16:45.058,0:16:46.722 on top of the many [br]challenges shared 0:16:46.722,0:16:48.373 by their male counterparts. 0:16:48.973,0:16:51.207 As war, [br]territorial dispossession, 0:16:51.207,0:16:54.960 extreme economic inequality [br]and climate change continue 0:16:54.960,0:16:57.909 to destabilize our world, [br]humanity sits poised 0:16:57.909,0:17:00.570 on the threshold of an era [br]of even greater levels 0:17:00.570,0:17:02.704 of dislocation [br]and displacement. 0:17:02.704,0:17:04.611 And as [br]this process accelerates, 0:17:04.611,0:17:06.989 women will continue to[br]bear the heaviest burden. 0:17:10.311,0:17:13.674 The feminization of migration [br]is basically the reality 0:17:13.674,0:17:18.290 that women continue to be [br]the most impacted by wars, 0:17:18.290,0:17:22.416 by occupations, by militarism,[br]by climate change, 0:17:22.416,0:17:26.697 by forced poverty as a result[br]of colonialism and neoliberalism. 0:17:26.697,0:17:29.241 And that women are the ones [br]that are primarily on the move. 0:17:29.241,0:17:31.079 In the Global South 0:17:31.079,0:17:34.866 – in much of Africa, [br]Latin America, parts of Asia – 0:17:34.866,0:17:38.067 what you have [br]has been a massive level 0:17:38.067,0:17:39.362 of impoverishment. 0:17:39.362,0:17:44.435 Starting with the debt crisis[br]in the late 1970s 0:17:44.435,0:17:47.150 and then the application [br]of programs 0:17:47.150,0:17:48.883 of structural adjustment, 0:17:48.883,0:17:51.785 which are brutal [br]austerity programs. 0:17:51.785,0:17:54.441 Y'know, what you have [br]across the continents 0:17:54.441,0:17:56.793 is a massive pauperization, 0:17:56.793,0:18:00.350 which then has triggered [br]big migratory flows. 0:18:00.350,0:18:03.707 One of the biggest myths [br]is this idea that 0:18:03.707,0:18:05.479 the so-called 'west' [br]and the Global North 0:18:05.479,0:18:07.156 is so accepting towards refugees. 0:18:07.156,0:18:08.621 The number of people [br]that even make it 0:18:08.621,0:18:10.245 to the Global North [br]is a fraction. 0:18:10.245,0:18:12.575 Most people who are displaced [br]are displaced, y'know, 0:18:12.575,0:18:13.899 within their [br]countries of origin, 0:18:13.899,0:18:15.657 or to neighbouring countries. 0:18:15.657,0:18:17.844 The living conditions [br]of displacement, 0:18:17.844,0:18:19.979 the poverty, [br]the hardship 0:18:19.979,0:18:23.256 ... these things have [br]increased domestic violence 0:18:23.256,0:18:25.414 for women often [br]living in camps. 0:18:25.414,0:18:27.942 Because men will take out [br]their frustration on 0:18:27.942,0:18:29.403 the women in their families. 0:18:29.403,0:18:33.070 I've spent a lot of time [br]with refugees in Lebanon, 0:18:33.070,0:18:34.808 in Jordan and in Iraq. 0:18:34.808,0:18:38.449 And in all of those places [br]I've met women that were 0:18:38.449,0:18:41.847 organizing around issues [br]of domestic violence 0:18:41.847,0:18:43.073 or early marriage. 0:18:43.073,0:18:45.320 The kinds of racism, [br]and the anti-migrant backlash 0:18:45.320,0:18:46.736 that we're dealing with [br]all around the world 0:18:46.736,0:18:47.832 – we're seeing this in Europe, 0:18:47.832,0:18:49.614 we're seeing this [br]with Rohingya refugees, 0:18:49.614,0:18:51.435 we're seeing this [br]in the Mediterranean, 0:18:51.435,0:18:53.935 we're seeing this [br]in New Zealand and Manus Island, 0:18:53.935,0:18:55.098 in the United States [br]and Canada 0:18:55.098,0:18:55.927 ... really all over. 0:18:55.927,0:18:57.240 Women actually make up [br]more than half 0:18:57.240,0:19:00.306 of the world's migrants and so[br]women are dealing with that. 0:19:00.306,0:19:01.557 And women are also [br]dealing with 0:19:01.557,0:19:04.349 the particular vulnerabilities[br]of being women on the move, 0:19:04.349,0:19:06.124 and facing fortified borders. 0:19:06.124,0:19:08.670 So that means that, y'know, [br]women are really vulnerable 0:19:08.670,0:19:09.963 to rape and sexual violence. 0:19:09.963,0:19:12.915 60% of women who are crossing[br]the southern US border 0:19:12.915,0:19:14.939 reported sexual violence [br]at the border. 0:19:14.939,0:19:17.042 It's just another [br]level of something 0:19:17.042,0:19:18.701 to be used against you. 0:19:18.701,0:19:23.615 Undocumented women who are [br]in domestic abuse situations, 0:19:23.615,0:19:26.016 or who have been[br]sexually assaulted, 0:19:26.016,0:19:28.396 have little to no recourse. 0:19:28.396,0:19:30.265 The fear of being deported, 0:19:30.265,0:19:32.308 the fear of being [br]separated from your children, 0:19:32.308,0:19:36.069 the aggressive deportation[br]tactics that are being used 0:19:36.069,0:19:39.346 ... leaves women [br]so much more unprotected. 0:19:39.346,0:19:42.782 They have to face [br]years of isolation, 0:19:42.782,0:19:45.724 exclusion, including violence. 0:19:45.724,0:19:48.072 Because many times [br]when they arrive 0:19:48.072,0:19:49.802 they don't have [br]all the proper documents, 0:19:49.802,0:19:52.258 or their documents [br]are taken away from them. 0:19:52.258,0:19:53.837 And they become exposed 0:19:53.837,0:19:57.401 to very brutal [br]forms of exploitation. 0:19:57.401,0:19:59.188 So people are [br]unwilling to speak out. 0:19:59.188,0:20:00.991 People are unwilling [br]to speak out against 0:20:00.991,0:20:02.922 unfair working conditions, 0:20:02.922,0:20:05.316 or sexual harassment [br]by their employers. 0:20:05.316,0:20:07.140 Always and forever again, [br]y'know, 0:20:07.140,0:20:08.957 in the interests [br]of their children. 0:20:08.957,0:20:12.389 Of survival. [br]Of being able to make a life 0:20:12.389,0:20:14.571 after being forced [br]out of your homeland. 0:20:14.571,0:20:17.030 Women migrants are also, [br]again as often being 0:20:17.030,0:20:18.812 the primary caregivers [br]to their children, 0:20:18.812,0:20:21.159 are often the ones [br]who are responsible for 0:20:21.159,0:20:23.217 the well-being of their kids[br]while they're on the move. 0:20:23.217,0:20:24.991 Or are dealing with [br]family separations. 0:20:24.991,0:20:26.484 So are separated [br]from their kids 0:20:26.484,0:20:27.887 ... sometimes for decades. 0:20:27.887,0:20:31.283 And so these are completely [br]related to patriarchy 0:20:31.283,0:20:34.194 in terms of the burden [br]that women face, 0:20:34.194,0:20:36.130 of reproductive labour [br]and domestic labour 0:20:36.130,0:20:37.141 within the home. 0:20:37.141,0:20:39.328 If we look at communities [br]that are still land-based 0:20:39.328,0:20:41.426 – so Indigenous communities, [br]peasant-based communities, 0:20:41.426,0:20:42.608 farming communities, 0:20:42.608,0:20:44.303 in the vast majority [br]of the Global South – 0:20:44.303,0:20:46.118 we know that women [br]are on the front lines 0:20:46.118,0:20:47.812 of tending to their homes. 0:20:47.812,0:20:50.400 To their subsistence-based [br]economies in their communities 0:20:50.400,0:20:51.507 and their villages. 0:20:51.507,0:20:54.565 And so when we are faced with,[br]for example, climate change 0:20:54.565,0:20:56.221 – whether it's drought [br]or flooding, 0:20:56.221,0:20:58.607 it's women [br]who are forced to leave. 0:20:58.607,0:21:01.305 Because women are actually [br]often the primary breadwinners 0:21:01.305,0:21:03.740 in communities where [br]people still are 0:21:03.740,0:21:04.899 rooted in the land. 0:21:04.899,0:21:08.622 When your entire identity, [br]and your entire livelihood, 0:21:08.622,0:21:12.256 and your spiritual practices[br]are all land-based, 0:21:12.256,0:21:14.525 and you're forced [br]to leave the land. 0:21:14.525,0:21:18.157 When you can no longer [br]go to your sacred places. 0:21:18.157,0:21:22.110 Where your stories [br]of origin sprout from. 0:21:22.110,0:21:24.578 Where your people came from. 0:21:24.578,0:21:28.290 The cultural genocide that [br]happens is immeasurable. 0:21:28.490,0:21:31.197 The use of women [br]to support colonial 0:21:31.197,0:21:35.386 or imperialist intervention [br]is nothing new. 0:21:35.386,0:21:37.605 The entire project [br]of colonization, 0:21:37.605,0:21:41.397 of the civilizing mission [br]that dates back 500 years, 0:21:41.397,0:21:43.475 has often used [br]a feminist logic. 0:21:43.475,0:21:46.743 And these kinds of narratives[br]are possible because, 0:21:46.743,0:21:50.047 of course, one of the ways [br]which imperialism works 0:21:50.047,0:21:52.522 is to exclude native voices. 0:21:52.522,0:21:55.629 And this is something that [br]Gayatri Spivak calls 0:21:55.629,0:21:59.071 “the very old civilizing logic[br]of white men and white women 0:21:59.071,0:22:01.413 saving brown women [br]from brown men.” 0:22:01.413,0:22:03.836 Women's bodies being[br]used as a tool in the 0:22:03.836,0:22:06.486 regurgitation [br]of these orientalist 0:22:06.486,0:22:10.122 and islamophobic tropes [br]come not just from states, 0:22:10.122,0:22:12.962 but sadly also from [br]many western leftists 0:22:12.962,0:22:14.415 or western feminists. 0:22:14.415,0:22:17.607 People go to Syria on [br]regime-sponsored trips, 0:22:17.607,0:22:20.836 and then they come back [br]and they write articles about 0:22:20.836,0:22:23.497 how they saw women [br]in bikinis on the beach, 0:22:23.497,0:22:26.606 or women drinking [br]alcohol in night clubs. 0:22:26.606,0:22:28.525 And the message that [br]that sends is: 0:22:28.525,0:22:32.374 “OK... genocide's okay, [br]as long as the social and 0:22:32.374,0:22:36.254 liberated elite of Damascus[br]can party in bikinis.” 0:22:36.254,0:22:38.274 And it's obviously absurd. 0:22:38.274,0:22:40.501 The thing about feminism [br]is that 0:22:40.501,0:22:43.493 it can take on [br]so many different forms. 0:22:43.493,0:22:46.033 And so it is not uncommon [br]for the state, 0:22:46.033,0:22:49.790 and particularly Empire, [br]to take on feminism 0:22:49.790,0:22:52.094 as a putatively [br]progressive logic. 0:22:52.094,0:22:53.540 And we also [br]see it similarly in 0:22:53.540,0:22:54.757 the Prison-Industrial-Complex, 0:22:54.757,0:22:56.535 where we're told that [br]we need more prisons 0:22:56.535,0:22:57.785 and we need more cops. 0:22:57.785,0:22:59.431 Because we need [br]to protect women. 0:22:59.431,0:23:01.712 I think that it's important [br]to highlight how Black women 0:23:01.712,0:23:04.255 are affected by carcerality[br]and by state violence. 0:23:04.255,0:23:06.853 Black women are incarcerated[br]at something like four times 0:23:06.853,0:23:08.551 the rate of white women. 0:23:08.551,0:23:10.363 The criminalization [br]of Black women 0:23:10.363,0:23:13.471 is also indicative of [br]this idea of a public, 0:23:13.471,0:23:16.297 and public safety that [br]revolves around the threats 0:23:16.297,0:23:17.427 to white women. 0:23:17.427,0:23:19.486 Which includes all [br]Black and Brown people. 0:23:19.486,0:23:21.820 And so the police [br]and prisons 0:23:21.820,0:23:25.064 and military are part [br]of an imperial logic. 0:23:25.064,0:23:29.592 A part of the carceral state [br]that uses, often, a feminist 0:23:29.592,0:23:31.729 logic to advance [br]white supremacy, 0:23:31.729,0:23:33.021 to advance social control. 0:23:36.844,0:23:39.349 It is often said that[br]revolutionary theory 0:23:39.349,0:23:41.528 is the domain of [br]bearded old white men. 0:23:41.528,0:23:44.958 Not only does this myth[br]invisibilize the countless 0:23:44.958,0:23:47.945 theoretical contributions [br]made by female revolutionaries 0:23:47.945,0:23:49.003 over the years, 0:23:49.003,0:23:52.330 from Rosa Luxembourg[br]to Comandanta Ramona, 0:23:52.330,0:23:55.168 it also ignores the fact [br]that during the long period 0:23:55.168,0:23:57.676 when men enjoyed the [br]near exclusive right to have 0:23:57.676,0:24:00.150 their ideas published [br]and debated, women were 0:24:00.150,0:24:03.427 busy putting revolutionary[br]theory into practice. 0:24:04.107,0:24:06.500 From Louise Michel, [br]who held down the barricades 0:24:06.500,0:24:09.894 of the Paris Commune while [br]tending to wounded comrades, 0:24:09.894,0:24:10.824 to Lucy Parsons, 0:24:10.824,0:24:13.203 co-founder of the Industrial[br]Workers of the World 0:24:13.203,0:24:15.904 and a woman the Chicago Police[br]once described as 0:24:15.904,0:24:18.328 “more dangerous [br]than a thousand rioters”. 0:24:18.328,0:24:19.541 From Emma Goldman, 0:24:19.541,0:24:22.211 who once beat Johann Most [br]on stage with a horsewhip 0:24:22.211,0:24:23.540 for talking shit, 0:24:23.540,0:24:25.117 to Maria Nikiforova, 0:24:25.117,0:24:27.704 the feared Ukrainian [br]anarchist military commander 0:24:27.704,0:24:30.962 and executioner of White [br]Guards and Bolsheviks alike. 0:24:30.962,0:24:32.380 From Kanno Sugako, 0:24:32.380,0:24:35.249 who was hanged at the age [br]of 29 for her failed attempt 0:24:35.249,0:24:37.256 to assassinate [br]the Emperor of Japan, 0:24:37.256,0:24:38.672 to Assata Shakur, 0:24:38.672,0:24:41.745 who managed to escape the [br]bowels of the US gulag system 0:24:41.745,0:24:44.047 and has now been on [br]the FBI's Most Wanted List 0:24:44.047,0:24:45.581 for nearly four decades. 0:24:46.141,0:24:47.879 Not to mention [br]the countless other women 0:24:47.879,0:24:50.056 who've carried out [br]propaganda of the deed, 0:24:50.056,0:24:53.350 rioted, led peasant revolts, [br]and fought on the front lines 0:24:53.350,0:24:55.062 of revolutions [br]around the world. 0:24:55.062,0:24:57.926 And to this day, women [br]are still holding it down, 0:24:57.926,0:25:00.467 taking the lead in countless [br]struggles around the world, 0:25:00.467,0:25:03.212 whether they're those waged[br]against resource extraction 0:25:03.212,0:25:05.715 and the ongoing theft [br]of Indigenous lands, 0:25:05.715,0:25:08.737 the liberation of Syrian [br]territories from Daesh 0:25:08.737,0:25:11.603 and the fight against [br]Turkish aggression in Rojava, 0:25:11.603,0:25:13.662 or the struggle [br]against racist policing 0:25:13.662,0:25:15.470 in the so-called [br]United States. 0:25:16.138,0:25:18.819 I think that any organizing[br]should be feminist organizing. 0:25:18.819,0:25:21.026 I think that if there is [br]something that's affecting 0:25:21.026,0:25:23.338 your community [br]that you want to address, 0:25:23.338,0:25:26.278 it should be [br]with an anti-colonial, 0:25:26.278,0:25:29.372 women-centered, [br]matriarchal focus. 0:25:30.452,0:25:33.614 And so for me [br]the kind of feminism that 0:25:33.614,0:25:36.632 I'm interested in talking about[br]is not a kind of feminism 0:25:36.632,0:25:38.636 that is interested [br]in social control. 0:25:38.636,0:25:41.361 Is not a feminism [br]that is interested in 0:25:41.361,0:25:44.155 who the fuck a CEO is, [br]or who the next president 0:25:44.155,0:25:46.003 is going to be, of Empire. 0:25:46.003,0:25:47.854 But it's a kind of feminism [br]that's based 0:25:47.854,0:25:48.956 on liberation, right? 0:25:48.956,0:25:50.979 That is anti-capitalist, [br]that is anti-racist, 0:25:50.979,0:25:52.080 and more and more and more. 0:25:52.080,0:25:53.117 And that seeks freedom. 0:25:53.117,0:25:54.807 Any kinds of feminism 0:25:54.807,0:25:56.619 – imperial feminisms [br]and otherwise – 0:25:56.619,0:25:59.651 that seek more control, [br]that seek more domination, 0:25:59.651,0:26:02.842 are the antithesis [br]of what feminism is about 0:26:02.842,0:26:06.069 if we understand feminism [br]to be a lens of liberation. 0:26:06.919,0:26:10.596 I hope that the new [br]emerging feminist movement 0:26:10.596,0:26:13.134 is learning [br]the lessons of the past. 0:26:13.134,0:26:16.972 You cannot imagine to [br]change the condition of women 0:26:16.972,0:26:20.936 simply by shifting [br]forms of exploitation. 0:26:20.936,0:26:25.873 It's very important instead [br]to understand, y'know, 0:26:25.873,0:26:29.143 what are [br]the structural mechanisms 0:26:29.143,0:26:32.486 that allow for [br]that exploitation? 0:26:32.486,0:26:35.035 And this is where [br]we have to organize. 0:26:36.725,0:26:39.684 Feminist projects that [br]are really exciting right now 0:26:39.684,0:26:43.351 are feminisms that understand[br]the different connections 0:26:43.351,0:26:45.823 between all the different [br]systems that we're living in. 0:26:46.593,0:26:48.851 Working-class feminisms, [br]for example. 0:26:48.851,0:26:52.727 Feminisms that center the[br]experiences of sex workers. 0:26:52.727,0:26:55.312 Transfeminisms, [br]Indigenous feminisms, 0:26:55.312,0:26:56.888 Black feminisms, [br]migrant feminisms, 0:26:56.888,0:26:58.179 all of these things [br]that understand 0:26:58.179,0:26:59.715 that these systems [br]are connected, 0:26:59.715,0:27:01.333 and that feminism [br]is not simply 0:27:01.333,0:27:04.414 the advancement of some women[br]at the expense of others. 0:27:04.414,0:27:08.198 I'm also most interested [br]in feminism that is aiming 0:27:08.198,0:27:11.186 to visibilize all the [br]different kinds of labour 0:27:11.186,0:27:13.645 that exists in our society. 0:27:14.415,0:27:16.715 We need to learn [br]from their experiences. 0:27:16.715,0:27:18.802 We need to [br]promote their voices. 0:27:18.802,0:27:21.193 And in that way, [br]we can address some of this 0:27:21.193,0:27:23.992 current imbalance [br]and ensure that Syrian women 0:27:23.992,0:27:27.368 are able to speak for [br]and represent themselves. 0:27:28.278,0:27:30.486 Just make a girl gang,[br]you know? 0:27:30.486,0:27:31.280 Everyone should just have 0:27:31.280,0:27:33.043 their own girl gang [br]in their neighbourhoods, 0:27:33.043,0:27:34.271 and in their communities. 0:27:34.271,0:27:35.736 Our movements [br]will never be effective 0:27:35.736,0:27:37.197 if we don't feel safe in them. 0:27:38.217,0:27:40.069 Both anarchism [br]and Black feminism 0:27:40.069,0:27:43.420 are theorizing about the [br]violence of racial capitalism. 0:27:43.420,0:27:45.647 They're theorizing [br]about the violence 0:27:45.647,0:27:47.464 of the American state. 0:27:47.464,0:27:48.870 To synthesize the two 0:27:48.870,0:27:51.749 into a Black feminist [br]anarchism, for example, 0:27:51.749,0:27:55.703 would be to make [br]more efficient the racial 0:27:55.703,0:27:57.554 and gender [br]critiques of the state. 0:27:57.554,0:28:00.260 And to also racialize [br]the anti-state 0:28:00.260,0:28:02.483 politic of anarchism. 0:28:03.483,0:28:06.722 I encourage women [br]and femme folks 0:28:06.722,0:28:10.045 to get involved in [br]male-dominated spaces 0:28:10.045,0:28:12.165 ... but go in and [br]have each others' backs. 0:28:12.165,0:28:14.472 And change those [br]spaces into something 0:28:14.472,0:28:17.386 that's more welcoming [br]and more inclusive 0:28:17.386,0:28:19.043 of people of all genders. 0:28:19.043,0:28:24.370 And that doesn't necessarily [br]mean making it less radical, 0:28:24.370,0:28:27.351 or taking less [br]confrontational action. 0:28:27.351,0:28:30.510 And it doesn't mean [br]shifting priorities to 0:28:30.510,0:28:34.388 try to prioritize care work[br]over revolutionary struggle, 0:28:34.388,0:28:36.087 or aggressive or [br]confrontational work. 0:28:36.087,0:28:40.327 It means to re-contextualize [br]those kinds of things 0:28:40.327,0:28:42.750 as not in the [br]realm of machismo, 0:28:42.750,0:28:45.897 but as something that people[br]of all genders engage in. 0:28:46.707,0:28:50.136 I don't know that violence [br]is always the answer, 0:28:50.136,0:28:53.486 but I think in some situations[br]it can be an answer. 0:28:53.486,0:28:57.715 And if you're talking about [br]femicide, rape culture, 0:28:57.715,0:29:01.352 sexual violence, the rise [br]of the misogynist right 0:29:01.352,0:29:04.303 ... I think that's a situation [br]in which everything 0:29:04.303,0:29:06.660 should be on the table [br]to at least discuss. 0:29:06.660,0:29:09.405 You don't wanna give up your[br]ability to engage in that way. 0:29:09.405,0:29:10.938 That makes you [br]very vulnerable. 0:29:10.938,0:29:14.086 I don't believe [br]in silver bullets 0:29:14.086,0:29:16.345 ... or I think there's [br]a lot of important 0:29:16.345,0:29:18.894 and meaningful [br]work to be done. 0:29:18.894,0:29:21.295 That's less about [br]the specific issue 0:29:21.295,0:29:23.250 or area that [br]you're focusing on, 0:29:23.250,0:29:25.888 but more about [br]how you're engaging with it. 0:29:25.888,0:29:29.788 Are you looking at things[br]beyond just individual actions? 0:29:29.788,0:29:32.868 Trying to look at it in [br]terms of collective responses 0:29:32.868,0:29:35.088 ... material responses? 0:29:35.088,0:29:37.953 Are you looking at [br]trying to build autonomy 0:29:37.953,0:29:39.367 outside of the state? 0:29:39.367,0:29:42.151 Are you looking at trying [br]to build a feminist politics 0:29:42.151,0:29:46.352 that isn't just about [br]petitioning to representatives 0:29:46.352,0:29:50.327 or trying to get more [br]institutional representation? 0:29:50.327,0:29:52.849 I think the world [br]is generally shit. 0:29:52.849,0:29:55.207 But I think because [br]it's generally shit, 0:29:55.207,0:29:57.873 the only worthwhile [br]thing to do is struggle. 0:29:57.873,0:30:01.988 And I feel like there's a lot[br]of really inspiring history 0:30:01.988,0:30:04.127 and a lot of [br]really amazing people 0:30:04.127,0:30:06.472 who have fought back [br]and struggled 0:30:06.472,0:30:07.921 in a lot of different ways. 0:30:07.921,0:30:09.224 And it's useful to sort of [br]look at some of 0:30:09.224,0:30:10.511 the different things [br]that they did. 0:30:12.602,0:30:14.218 Although there's still [br]a long way to go 0:30:14.218,0:30:16.655 to the abolition of [br]gender-based inequality, 0:30:16.655,0:30:19.281 the past few decades have seen[br]major advancements 0:30:19.281,0:30:20.735 for women around the world. 0:30:20.735,0:30:22.674 Each step forward [br]has been a struggle, 0:30:22.674,0:30:25.057 as men of all stripes[br]have sought to retain 0:30:25.057,0:30:27.549 the various manifestations[br]of power and control 0:30:27.549,0:30:29.380 afforded them [br]under patriarchy. 0:30:29.910,0:30:32.207 But today, even many of [br]these hard-fought victories 0:30:32.207,0:30:34.106 are under threat [br]of being clawed back 0:30:34.106,0:30:36.533 by resurgent movements [br]of male reaction, 0:30:36.533,0:30:40.187 authoritarian nationalism [br]and religious fundamentalism. 0:30:40.187,0:30:42.837 From MRAs, who blame feminists 0:30:42.837,0:30:45.968 for the many hardships [br]that men face under capitalism 0:30:45.968,0:30:48.699 to the violent misogyny[br]that has embedded itself 0:30:48.699,0:30:50.106 at the heart of the alt-right, 0:30:50.106,0:30:52.401 to the religious fanaticism[br]of Mike Pence 0:30:52.401,0:30:53.813 and the Islamic State. 0:30:53.813,0:30:55.964 This is no time for us [br]to rest on the laurels 0:30:55.964,0:30:57.655 of our past achievements 0:30:57.655,0:31:00.491 ... it is crucial that we [br]continue to deepen and extend 0:31:00.491,0:31:03.076 the struggle against [br]patriarchy on all fronts, 0:31:03.076,0:31:06.112 and that we prepare ourselves[br]for the battles to come. 0:31:06.112,0:31:08.283 So at this point, [br]we’d like to remind you 0:31:08.283,0:31:11.099 that Trouble is intended [br]to be watched in groups, 0:31:11.099,0:31:13.453 and to be used as a resource[br]to promote discussion 0:31:13.453,0:31:15.068 and collective organizing. 0:31:15.068,0:31:16.801 Are you interested [br]in starting up 0:31:16.801,0:31:18.943 a revolutionary [br]feminist collective, 0:31:18.943,0:31:21.771 or helping to better [br]incorporate feminist analysis 0:31:21.771,0:31:23.867 into your established [br]organizing projects? 0:31:23.867,0:31:25.724 Consider getting together[br]with some comrades, 0:31:25.724,0:31:27.342 organizing a [br]screening of this film, 0:31:27.342,0:31:29.181 and discussing [br]what this would entail. 0:31:29.181,0:31:31.420 Interested in running [br]regular screenings of Trouble 0:31:31.420,0:31:33.756 at your campus, infoshop, [br]community center, 0:31:33.756,0:31:35.916 or even just at home [br]with friends? 0:31:35.916,0:31:37.644 Become a Trouble-Maker! 0:31:37.644,0:31:39.536 For 10 bucks a month, [br]we’ll hook you up 0:31:39.536,0:31:42.323 with an advanced copy of the [br]show, and a screening kit 0:31:42.323,0:31:44.544 featuring additional resources[br]and some questions 0:31:44.544,0:31:46.478 you can use [br]to get a discussion going. 0:31:46.478,0:31:49.710 If you can’t afford to support[br]us financially, no worries! 0:31:49.710,0:31:52.709 You can stream and/or download[br]all our content for free 0:31:52.709,0:31:53.634 off our website: 0:31:56.340,0:31:58.523 If you’ve got any [br]suggestions for show topics, 0:31:58.523,0:32:01.067 or just want to get in touch,[br]drop us a line at: 0:32:03.648,0:32:05.514 This episode [br]would not have been possible 0:32:05.514,0:32:06.764 without the generous [br]support of 0:32:06.764,0:32:10.070 Carla, John, Devin [br]and Nikos Pelasgos. 0:32:10.070,0:32:12.052 Now get out there, [br]and make some trouble!