1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:01,200 所以, 2 00:00:01,400 --> 00:00:02,650 你好我的名字是 3 00:00:02,760 --> 00:00:04,560 米歇尔·纳里奥·雷德蒙德。 4 00:00:04,680 --> 00:00:06,320 我是一位社会心理学家 5 00:00:06,370 --> 00:00:08,380 还有我在希兰姆大学任教。 6 00:00:08,519 --> 00:00:11,404 在心理学和生物医学人文计划, 7 00:00:11,437 --> 00:00:15,727 我刚写了一本关于能力主义的书, 原因和后果 8 00:00:15,727 --> 00:00:18,967 残疾偏见。我的第一个记忆, 9 00:00:18,967 --> 00:00:21,267 我就从1990年说起 10 00:00:21,267 --> 00:00:23,730 ADA通过时当时我在读研究生, 11 00:00:23,769 --> 00:00:33,134 在堪萨斯州,残疾偏见,ADA或者别的 12 00:00:33,134 --> 00:00:36,954 与残疾问题有关的都不在我的实现范围内, 13 00:00:38,954 --> 00:00:43,578 我在一个地方工作我的一位同事 14 00:00:43,578 --> 00:00:46,756 做残疾研究工作,比阿特丽斯·赖特, 15 00:00:46,756 --> 00:00:50,396 我还没有和她一起上课。 16 00:00:50,396 --> 00:00:53,876 直到1995年,是五年后, 17 00:00:53,876 --> 00:00:58,566 我女儿出生时塞拉利昂有脊柱裂, 18 00:00:58,566 --> 00:01:03,394 那个时候我意识到残疾还找到作品 19 00:01:03,394 --> 00:01:08,862 于卡罗尔·吉尔和西米·里顿我开始自学 20 00:01:08,862 --> 00:01:15,348 关于残疾研究及其范围,我有的第一个记忆 21 00:01:15,348 --> 00:01:22,571 是面对无法进入的空间几年之前, 22 00:01:22,571 --> 00:01:26,520 我的女儿塞拉在一个幼儿园,在天主教学前班, 23 00:01:26,520 --> 00:01:31,915 就在这条路,而且只是没有甚至拂晓我,我们 24 00:01:31,915 --> 00:01:36,388 要努力工作使她无法适应学龄前儿童的需要 25 00:01:36,472 --> 00:01:41,209 那栋建筑物确实比较较旧了 26 00:01:41,252 --> 00:01:47,109 他们并不曾知道,或者说他们不需要合法地知道 27 00:01:47,142 --> 00:01:52,554 如何为他们的学生提供合理的食宿以满足他们的公民权利 28 00:01:52,554 --> 00:01:59,595 因为他们是私立的,并且不受1990 年美国残疾人法案的约束 29 00:01:59,622 --> 00:02:05,803 所以...这让我明白我们需要寻找一个新的幼儿园 30 00:02:05,851 --> 00:02:10,461 幸运的是,我们找到另一个私立的幼儿园,不是公立的 31 00:02:10,512 --> 00:02:14,346 但它是一个音乐学校 32 00:02:14,369 --> 00:02:18,947 有很多资源,并正在按照支持多样化的价值观 33 00:02:18,989 --> 00:02:23,216 和多样的视角等规定来运作了 34 00:02:23,263 --> 00:02:28,998 我们不用去要求他们对这方面做更多了 35 00:02:29,030 --> 00:02:34,284 因为他们会尽最大的努力去包容我的女儿,我的女儿可以在教室里和她的幼儿园同伴 36 00:02:34,324 --> 00:02:38,987 一起上音乐课,还有很多集体活动的课程 37 00:02:39,023 --> 00:02:44,557 他们甚至给锻炼室和活动室购买了 38 00:02:44,599 --> 00:02:52,269 能够帮助她和同伴互动的设施 39 00:02:52,335 --> 00:02:59,368 她长大后申请成为 40 00:02:59,437 --> 00:03:02,457 这个幼儿园的老师,她兜兜转转又回到了原地 41 00:03:02,457 --> 00:03:08,531 我认为这是非常值得高兴的事情,但是如果要聊回来 42 00:03:08,531 --> 00:03:14,820 关于我一开始意识到对于残疾人的不包容感到非常的受挫 43 00:03:15,538 --> 00:03:20,904 当时在我女儿要去上幼儿园的时候,我们知道 44 00:03:21,020 --> 00:03:25,272 她可能不会能够进入到一个私立小学 45 00:03:25,337 --> 00:03:30,479 不仅仅是因为经济上的花费,更是因为他们不会想到 46 00:03:30,524 --> 00:03:34,471 根据法律采取一些行动去包容残疾的孩子 47 00:03:34,568 --> 00:03:37,441 让他们适应学校生活 48 00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:41,293 所以我知道我们要找的是公立学校 49 00:03:41,323 --> 00:03:45,201 我们去过街区的公立学校,但那并不对残疾孩子友好 50 00:03:45,401 --> 00:03:49,384 那个操场有一个小房子,我的女儿无法进去 51 00:03:49,694 --> 00:03:52,046 那让人感到很伤心 52 00:03:52,254 --> 00:03:55,876 当时我们已经正在寻找别的学校 53 00:03:55,876 --> 00:03:58,340 我老公那边正好有一个契机 54 00:03:58,393 --> 00:04:01,573 让我们可以全家搬家 55 00:04:01,660 --> 00:04:04,079 去西海岸,俄勒冈州 56 00:04:04,162 --> 00:04:10,507 所以当时我们帮女儿找早期教育资源的方法是 57 00:04:10,574 --> 00:04:17,591 只看新开发区域的学校 58 00:04:17,647 --> 00:04:23,109 因为只有那里有对残疾学生友好的 59 00:04:23,178 --> 00:04:26,311 环境和设施 60 00:04:26,369 --> 00:04:31,262 因为仅仅拥有短暂的为女儿寻找幼儿园和个别化教育计划会议的经历 61 00:04:31,319 --> 00:04:38,810 让我在每个关键节点都为女儿争取基本权利的 62 00:04:38,868 --> 00:04:42,941 去告诉学校她所拥有的知识 63 00:04:42,976 --> 00:04:47,312 以及她所能做出的有价值的贡献 64 00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:50,910 我们会在前进的道路上不停地争取 65 00:04:50,943 --> 00:04:54,411 所以我们缩小了搜寻学校的范围到区 66 00:04:54,454 --> 00:04:57,194 感谢上帝我们有足够的机会和资源去做这些 67 00:04:57,221 --> 00:05:02,445 去找到以包容文明的区 68 00:05:02,513 --> 00:05:04,012 当我们回到俄亥俄州克利夫兰时也做了同样的事情 69 00:05:04,095 --> 00:05:07,731 我们成功地避免了那些不包容的区域 70 00:05:07,806 --> 00:05:12,346 包括那些没有能够提供给残疾人的设施的 71 00:05:12,412 --> 00:05:16,514 新建的大楼的区域 72 00:05:16,583 --> 00:05:19,333 关于我在这条路上不断斗争的最早的记忆就是 73 00:05:19,373 --> 00:05:25,867 “哦,我们面前有一条路,我们只能自己去走,并且选择继续斗争 74 00:05:25,918 --> 00:05:32,402 去寻找已经成功立法的区域 75 00:05:32,468 --> 00:05:40,316 或在实施、监管和执行基本公民权利方面 76 00:05:40,379 --> 00:05:42,932 做的比其他地方都好一些的区域 77 00:05:42,982 --> 00:05:50,434 并且这些区域要拥有多种多样的选民 78 00:05:50,484 --> 00:05:52,938 这些经历给我带来的影响是 79 00:05:53,016 --> 00:05:58,568 学会和别的家长还有残疾的学生沟通的能力 80 00:05:58,640 --> 00:06:02,284 不仅让他们知道自己的权利 81 00:06:02,334 --> 00:06:09,035 而且让他们知道如何争取这些权利 82 00:06:09,086 --> 00:06:17,342 如何发声以确保这些人们真正拥有了这些权利 83 00:06:17,408 --> 00:06:21,139 我认为1990 年美国残疾人法案改善了许多事物 84 00:06:21,202 --> 00:06:24,755 当我在为这本关于对残疾的偏见的书校对信息的时候 85 00:06:24,807 --> 00:06:28,922 我意识到当我是个孩子的时候 86 00:06:28,956 --> 00:06:33,641 当我在六十、七十年代长大的时候,那时候的残疾人 87 00:06:33,693 --> 00:06:39,357 还无法做到任何现在的孩子看起来是理所当然的事情 88 00:06:39,432 --> 00:06:44,474 比如看电影、去餐厅、去朋友家见朋友、 89 00:06:44,546 --> 00:06:46,725 或者邀请别的孩子来你的生日派对 90 00:06:46,779 --> 00:06:54,992 91 00:06:55,011 --> 00:07:01,842 92 00:07:01,927 --> 00:07:07,910 93 00:07:07,959 --> 00:07:13,827 94 00:07:13,876 --> 00:07:18,677 95 00:07:18,724 --> 00:07:23,145 96 00:07:23,229 --> 00:07:28,810 97 00:07:28,937 --> 00:07:41,383 98 00:07:41,458 --> 00:07:45,131 99 00:07:45,232 --> 00:07:48,983 100 00:07:49,135 --> 00:07:54,635 101 00:07:54,711 --> 00:07:56,933 102 00:07:57,008 --> 00:08:01,185 103 00:08:01,260 --> 00:08:03,633 104 00:08:03,734 --> 00:08:08,236 105 00:08:08,293 --> 00:08:12,462 106 00:08:12,544 --> 00:08:15,543 107 00:08:15,638 --> 00:08:19,813 108 00:08:19,914 --> 00:08:22,316 109 00:08:22,392 --> 00:08:25,493 110 00:08:25,563 --> 00:08:27,769 111 00:08:27,846 --> 00:08:31,416 112 00:08:31,466 --> 00:08:34,871 113 00:08:34,922 --> 00:08:37,693 114 00:08:37,792 --> 00:08:40,220 115 00:08:40,318 --> 00:08:42,820 116 00:08:42,943 --> 00:08:45,621 117 00:08:45,697 --> 00:08:49,244 118 00:08:49,395 --> 00:08:52,944 119 00:08:53,019 --> 00:08:55,847 120 00:08:55,922 --> 00:08:59,624 121 00:08:59,723 --> 00:09:02,348 122 00:09:02,451 --> 00:09:06,949 123 00:09:07,022 --> 00:09:09,600 124 00:09:09,678 --> 00:09:12,398 125 00:09:12,525 --> 00:09:15,424 126 00:09:15,577 --> 00:09:18,251 127 00:09:18,449 --> 00:09:20,556 128 00:09:20,653 --> 00:09:24,503 129 00:09:24,554 --> 00:09:28,102 130 00:09:28,141 --> 00:09:33,631 131 00:09:33,671 --> 00:09:35,105 132 00:09:35,294 --> 00:09:37,554 133 00:09:37,630 --> 00:09:41,610 134 00:09:41,711 --> 00:09:45,332 135 00:09:45,408 --> 00:09:48,382 136 00:09:48,456 --> 00:09:50,606 137 00:09:50,658 --> 00:09:52,558 138 00:09:52,633 --> 00:09:54,307 139 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999