WEBVTT 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, my name is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Michelle Nario Redmond. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I am a social psychologist 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I teach at (Hiram?) College. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the psychology and biomedical humanities program, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I just wrote a book on ableism, the causes and consequences 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of disability prejudice. My first memory, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I'll just back up and say in 1990, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when the ADA passed I was in graduate school, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in Kansas, and disability prejudice, the ADA or anything 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 related to disability issues were completely off my radar, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I worked at a place where one of the pioneers 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of disability studies worked, Beatrice Wright, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I had yet to have a class with her. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It really wasn't until 1995, which was five years later, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when my daughter was born, Sierra, with spina bifoda, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that I became aware of disability and found the work 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of Carol Gill and Simi Litton and began to educate myself 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 on disability studies and its scope, and the first memory I have of 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 confronting inaccessible spaces was a few years later, when we enrolled 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 my daughter Sierra in a preschool, at a Catholic preschool, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 right down the road; and it just didn't even dawn on me that we would have to 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 work so hard for her to be accommodated as a preschooler, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it was really a function of the fact that the building was older, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there were steps, and they really didn't know, nor did they need to legally know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 about reasonable accommodations and civil rights of their students, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because they were a private facility and weren't subject to the ADA's rules. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So it became clear to me that we needed to find a new preschool, and luckily 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we found another private place - it wasn't a public school - 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but it was a music school settlement and they had resources 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they were already operating under a sort of set of presumptions 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 about the value of diversity and diverse perspectives, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we didn't really have to ask for much, because they bent over backwards 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to include my daughter in a typical classroom, with her peers, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 her preschool peers, music classes, there were so many eclectic-- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 movement classes, and they even purchased equipment 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for their exercise room and movement room that would be useful to her among others, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and she has since grown up to become this teacher and has applied to work there 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 as a preschool teacher, so I think it would be really amazing 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if she came full circle, but I guess to answer the broader question 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 about being frustrated and aware of inaccessibility and lack of inclusion, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we were in a district that, when she then was about to move to preschool, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I knew that she probably wouldn't be able to go to a private school, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 not only because of the financial cost but also because they would not have to 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 think about best practices and the law when it came to 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 accommodating their students with disabilities, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and so I knew we would be looking at the public school, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and the public school in our neigbourhood was not accessible. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We went to visit it, the playground had a little house 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that she wouldn't have been able to get into, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it was really disheartening and so it came at a time 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when we were already looking for other opportunities, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and my husband got an opportunity to move us as a family 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to the West Coast of Portland of Oregon, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so the way I-- so the way we had to navigate her early educational experiences 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 was to only look at spaces and schools that were in districts that were new, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so that had buildings and had training in terms of 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 accommodating their diverse students and their disabled students, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because just having the brief experiences that I did with the preschool 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and IEP meetings that were going to require me to fight at every juncture 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for her basic rights to show what she knows 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and participate and recognize herself as a valuable contributor 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to the school community. We're not going to be forthcoming 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 without a fight, and so we narrowed our search 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to a district, and thank God we had the opportunity 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and the resources to do this, that was pretty known for their 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 inclusivity. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We did that also when we came back to the Cleveland, Ohio area. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We were able to avoid all districts that weren't at the cutting edge 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of full inclusion and proof of excellence and had newer buildings 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that could accommodate those with disabilities, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but I guess that that was my earliest memory of how, 'Oh, we have a road 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 ahead of us and we have to take it upon ourselves to either continue to fight 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 battles that had already been won, legislatively, or, finds spaces, places 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and organizations that were ahead of the curve 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in terms of implementing, monitoring and just execute the basic civil rights 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of their various constituents 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The impact that all of that has had on me is to just be able to communicate 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 with other parents and students with disabilities 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 about not only knowing their rights but knowing how to get those rights 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 how to advocate for ensuring that those rights are addressed, are met. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think the ADA has made a huge difference 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and the 'ah ha' moment was even when I was collating information for this book 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 on disability prejudice, I realised that when I was a kid, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when I was growing up in the 60s and 70s, people with disabilities weren't able to 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 do any of the things that we took for granted as kids- go to the movies 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 go to restaurants, go to visit a friend, at a friend's house, or invite 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 others to your birthday parties. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Since the ADA passed in 1990, it wasn't an immediate set of changes, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 as, there has been significant progress made, particularly in public spaces 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and in employment settings, where there are even employers 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 who are part of an organization of inclusive excellence, who 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 recognise that disabled employees are actually more reliable and 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 have less turnover and are worth investing in and promoting. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But, there are still so many places, small businesses, educational institutions 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that are not carrying out basic games and practices that the ADA has made possible 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there's just way too much variation, and I think part of that