[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:00.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.62,0:00:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I've done here is\NI've copied and pasted
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.49,0:00:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bunch of pictures\Nthat signify events
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.76,0:00:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our history, when\Nyou think about history
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.18,0:00:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a grander scale, that most\Nof us have some relation to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.29,0:00:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we kind of have heard it\Ntalked about a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.89,0:00:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the whole point\Nof this is to try
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.82,0:00:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand, or try\Nto begin to understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.88,0:00:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how long 13.7 billion years is.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.28,0:00:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just to start off,\NI have here-- this
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.09,0:00:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the best depiction\NI could find
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.97,0:00:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it didn't have copyrights.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.30,0:00:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is from NASA--\Nof the Big Bang.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.94,0:00:33.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've talked about\Nit several times.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.89,0:00:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Big Bang occurred\N13.7 billion years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.14,0:00:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then if we go a\Nlittle bit forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.95,0:00:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually a lot forward,\Nwe get to the formation
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.04,0:00:45.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our actual solar\Nsystem and the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.95,0:00:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is kind of the\Nprotoplanetary disk
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.05,0:00:50.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a depiction of a\Nprotoplanetary disk forming
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.79,0:00:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around our young Sun.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.46,0:00:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so this right here\Nis 4.5 billion years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.01,0:01:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this over here-- once again,\Nthese aren't pictures of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.63,0:01:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are just depictions\Nbecause no one was there
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.71,0:01:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a camera.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.65,0:01:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what we think\Nthe asteroid that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.44,0:01:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,killed the dinosaurs looked like\Nwhen it was impacting Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.89,0:01:12.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it killed the dinosaurs\N65 million years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.11,0:01:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.20,0:01:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So until then, we\Nhad land dinosaurs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.10,0:01:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then this, as far as\Nthe current theories go,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.33,0:01:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got rid of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.65,0:01:27.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we'll fast forward\Na little bit more.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.59,0:01:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At about 3 million years ago--\Nlet me do this in a color
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.52,0:01:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can see--\Nabout 3 million,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.59,0:01:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so three million years ago,\Nour ancestors look like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.10,0:01:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Australopithecus\Nafarensis.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.96,0:01:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is I think a depiction\Nof-- this is Lucy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.36,0:01:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.89,0:01:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe the theory is that all\Nof us have some DNA from her.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.21,0:01:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this was 3\Nmillion years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.40,0:02:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you fast forward some\Nmore and you actually
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.36,0:02:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the first modern humans\Nappearing on the planet, people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.10,0:02:07.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that looked and thought\Nlike you and me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.45,0:02:12.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is 200,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.79,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's right over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously, this drawing\Nwas done much later.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.32,0:02:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is a depiction of\Na modern human, so 200,000
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.65,0:02:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.82,0:02:22.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you fast\Nforward even more.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.65,0:02:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I don't want to\Nkeep picking on Jesus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.40,0:02:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did that with him\Ngetting on the jet liner.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.46,0:02:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I genuinely don't mean\Nany offense to anyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.32,0:02:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just keep picking Jesus\Nbecause frankly our calendar is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.93,0:02:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of-- he's a good person\Nthat most people know about,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.68,0:02:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.86,0:02:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when we\Nassociate kind of a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.39,0:02:46.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of modern history\Noccurring after his birth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.45,0:02:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this right here is\Nobviously a painting
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.89,0:02:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the birth of Jesus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.22,0:02:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is 2,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.25,0:03:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then this might be a\Nlittle bit American-centric.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.95,0:03:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the Declaration\Nof Independence, it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.96,0:03:03.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a major event.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.79,0:03:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually even on\Na worldwide basis,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.57,0:03:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the first\Nsecular democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.78,0:03:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on a kind of a\Nconstitutional democracy that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.49,0:03:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showed up on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.05,0:03:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said we don't want the\Nking of England anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.46,0:03:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was about\N234 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.17,0:03:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I always remembered\Nbecause I was born almost
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.68,0:03:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the 200th anniversary.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.01,0:03:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you just have to\Nadd my age to 200.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.76,0:03:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is 234 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.69,0:03:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are all events\Nor periods of time
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.55,0:03:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've heard about\Nand we've talked about.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.47,0:03:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people throw around\Nthese type of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.95,0:03:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what I want to\Ndo in this video
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.68,0:03:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is relate it to time scales\Nthat we can comprehend.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.14,0:03:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So instead of the Big Bang\Noccurring 13.7 billion years
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.66,0:03:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ago, let's pretend like\Nit occurred 10 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.08,0:03:53.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because most of us, especially\Nif you're over the age of 10,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.81,0:03:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can kind of understand\Nwhat 10 years is.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.78,0:03:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very, very\Nlong period of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.00,0:04:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But something that's well\Nwithin our lifetimes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.19,0:04:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well within our experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.56,0:04:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's say the 13.7 billion--\Ninstead of saying the Big
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.98,0:04:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bang occurred 13.7\Nbillion years ago, let's
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.54,0:04:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pretend like it\Noccurred 10 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.69,0:04:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we pretend that\Nit occurred 10 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.28,0:04:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's think about how many\Nyears, or minutes, or hours
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.20,0:04:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ago each of these events\Nwould have occurred.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.94,0:04:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if Big Bang, which is\Nreally 13.7 billion years,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.38,0:04:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it really had\Noccurred 10 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.89,0:04:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we scaled everything down,\Nif we had scaled everything
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.28,0:04:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down, then the Earth\Nwould have been
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.58,0:04:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created about 3.3 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.69,0:04:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this would have\Nbeen 3.3 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.30,0:04:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's nothing kind\Nof amazing about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.96,0:04:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a significant fraction\Nof the age of the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.57,0:04:51.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So not that mind\Nblowing just yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.43,0:04:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we go all the way to\Nwhen the dinosaurs were extinct,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.77,0:04:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last land dinosaurs, now\Nthe 65 million years-- and this
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.82,0:05:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will give you an appreciation of\Nthe difference between million
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.44,0:05:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and billion-- if the universe\Nwas only 10 years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.22,0:05:09.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the dinosaurs would have\Nbeen extinct 17 days ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.45,0:05:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not even a month\Nago, the dinosaurs
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.21,0:05:12.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would have been extinct.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.21,0:05:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if the universe was created\Nwhen I was just graduated--
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.68,0:05:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, I'm in my '30s\Nnow, so when I was 24--
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.57,0:05:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just last month, the dinosaurs\Nwould have gone extinct.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.51,0:05:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it gets even crazier.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.62,0:05:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,17 days ago, the dinosaurs\Nwould have extinct.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.50,0:05:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Australopithecus\Nafarensis would have
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.42,0:05:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walked on the Earth 19\Nhours ago, yesterday.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.30,0:05:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.94,0:05:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,19 hours ago, she would\Nhave been walking around
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.08,0:05:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.90,0:05:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And modern humans wouldn't have\Nshown up until 80 minutes ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.55,0:05:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80 minutes, a\Nlittle over an hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.05,0:05:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There wasn't even\Na modern human.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.43,0:05:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the universe\Nwas 10 years, it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.55,0:05:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't take until\Njust very recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.28,0:05:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last hour, for us to see\Nsomeone that looks something
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.62,0:06:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like us, looks and\Nthinks something like us.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.50,0:06:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fast forward even more,\Nthe birth of Jesus,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.43,0:06:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the universe was 10 years\Nold instead of 13.7 billion--
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.62,0:06:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we scaled everything\Ndown-- then the birth of Jesus
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.54,0:06:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would have been 46 seconds ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.68,0:06:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.53,0:06:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then if we fast\Nforward all the way
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.25,0:06:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Declaration\Nof Independence,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.75,0:06:29.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this would have occurred\Nfive seconds ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.85,0:06:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this isn't quite\Nas mind blowing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.90,0:06:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the scale of the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.85,0:06:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in my mind, this is\Nstill pretty amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.95,0:06:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean all that's happened\Nsince 1776 on a global basis
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.45,0:06:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have been\Nencapsulated in five seconds
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.57,0:06:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the age of the\Nuniverse was 10 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.57,0:06:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So hopefully, that gives you\Na little bit of a perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.03,0:06:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the next video, instead\Nof condensing things in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.18,0:06:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to compare this scale\Nto kind of a distance scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.74,0:07:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we can kind of say,\Nhey, if the universe was
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.57,0:07:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the number of\Npixels on my screen,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.49,0:07:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how big would each\Nof these things be?