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What I've done here is
I've copied and pasted

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a bunch of pictures
that signify events

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in our history, when
you think about history

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on a grander scale, that most
of us have some relation to

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or we kind of have heard it
talked about a little bit.

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And the whole point
of this is to try

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to understand, or try
to begin to understand,

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how long 13.7 billion years is.

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So just to start off,
I have here-- this

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is the best depiction
I could find

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where it didn't have copyrights.

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This is from NASA--
of the Big Bang.

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And I've talked about
it several times.

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The Big Bang occurred
13.7 billion years ago.

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And then if we go a
little bit forward,

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actually a lot forward,
we get to the formation

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of our actual solar
system and the Earth.

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This is kind of the
protoplanetary disk

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or a depiction of a
protoplanetary disk forming

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around our young Sun.

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And so this right here
is 4.5 billion years ago.

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Now this over here-- once again,
these aren't pictures of them.

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These are just depictions
because no one was there

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with a camera.

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This is what we think
the asteroid that

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killed the dinosaurs looked like
when it was impacting Earth.

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And it killed the dinosaurs
65 million years ago.

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So until then, we
had land dinosaurs.

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And then this, as far as
the current theories go,

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got rid of them.

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Now, we'll fast forward
a little bit more.

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At about 3 million years ago--
let me do this in a color

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that you can see--
about 3 million,

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so three million years ago,
our ancestors look like this.

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This is Australopithecus
afarensis.

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This is I think a depiction
of-- this is Lucy.

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I believe the theory is that all
of us have some DNA from her.

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But this was 3
million years ago.

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And you fast forward some
more and you actually

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have the first modern humans
appearing on the planet, people

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that looked and thought
like you and me.

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This is 200,000 years ago.

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That's right over here.

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Obviously, this drawing
was done much later.

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But this is a depiction of
a modern human, so 200,000

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years ago.

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And then you fast
forward even more.

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And I don't want to
keep picking on Jesus.

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I did that with him
getting on the jet liner.

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And I genuinely don't mean
any offense to anyone.

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I just keep picking Jesus
because frankly our calendar is

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kind of-- he's a good person
that most people know about,

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2,000 years ago.

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And so when we
associate kind of a lot

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of modern history
occurring after his birth.

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So this right here is
obviously a painting

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of the birth of Jesus.

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And this is 2,000 years ago.

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And then this might be a
little bit American-centric.

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But the Declaration
of Independence, it

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was a major event.

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Actually even on
a worldwide basis,

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it was the first
secular democracy

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based on a kind of a
constitutional democracy that

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showed up on the planet.

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They said we don't want the
king of England anymore.

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And this was about
234 years ago.

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And I always remembered
because I was born almost

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on the 200th anniversary.

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So you just have to
add my age to 200.

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So this is 234 years ago.

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So these are all events
or periods of time

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that we've heard about
and we've talked about.

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And people throw around
these type of years.

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But what I want to
do in this video

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is relate it to time scales
that we can comprehend.

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So instead of the Big Bang
occurring 13.7 billion years

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ago, let's pretend like
it occurred 10 years ago.

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Because most of us, especially
if you're over the age of 10,

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can kind of understand
what 10 years is.

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It's a very, very
long period of time.

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But something that's well
within our lifetimes,

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well within our experience.

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So let's say the 13.7 billion--
instead of saying the Big

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Bang occurred 13.7
billion years ago, let's

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pretend like it
occurred 10 years ago.

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And if we pretend that
it occurred 10 years ago,

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let's think about how many
years, or minutes, or hours

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ago each of these events
would have occurred.

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So if Big Bang, which is
really 13.7 billion years,

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if it really had
occurred 10 years ago,

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and we scaled everything down,
if we had scaled everything

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down, then the Earth
would have been

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created about 3.3 years ago.

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So this would have
been 3.3 years ago.

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So there's nothing kind
of amazing about this.

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This is a significant fraction
of the age of the universe.

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So not that mind
blowing just yet.

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But if we go all the way to
when the dinosaurs were extinct,

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the last land dinosaurs, now
the 65 million years-- and this

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will give you an appreciation of
the difference between million

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and billion-- if the universe
was only 10 years old,

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then the dinosaurs would have
been extinct 17 days ago.

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Not even a month
ago, the dinosaurs

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would have been extinct.

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So if the universe was created
when I was just graduated--

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well, I'm in my '30s
now, so when I was 24--

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just last month, the dinosaurs
would have gone extinct.

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And it gets even crazier.

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17 days ago, the dinosaurs
would have extinct.

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Australopithecus
afarensis would have

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walked on the Earth 19
hours ago, yesterday.

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19 hours ago, she would
have been walking around

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on the planet.

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And modern humans wouldn't have
shown up until 80 minutes ago,

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80 minutes, a
little over an hour.

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There wasn't even
a modern human.

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Then the universe
was 10 years, it

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didn't take until
just very recently,

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the last hour, for us to see
someone that looks something

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like us, looks and
thinks something like us.

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Fast forward even more,
the birth of Jesus,

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if the universe was 10 years
old instead of 13.7 billion--

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and we scaled everything
down-- then the birth of Jesus

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would have been 46 seconds ago.

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And then if we fast
forward all the way

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to the Declaration
of Independence,

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this would have occurred
five seconds ago.

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So this isn't quite
as mind blowing

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as the scale of the universe.

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But in my mind, this is
still pretty amazing.

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I mean all that's happened
since 1776 on a global basis

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could have been
encapsulated in five seconds

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if the age of the
universe was 10 years.

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So hopefully, that gives you
a little bit of a perspective.

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In the next video, instead
of condensing things in time,

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I'm going to compare this scale
to kind of a distance scale.

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So we can kind of say,
hey, if the universe was

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the number of
pixels on my screen,

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how big would each
of these things be?