[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.80,0:00:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rutger Bregman\NBasic Income for everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.11,0:00:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.16,0:00:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today I'd like to share\Na big idea with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.35,0:00:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I believe it could be
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.12,0:00:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the biggest ideas\Nof the 21st century.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.92,0:00:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's and idea that\Ncould unite politicians
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.24,0:00:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the left to the right
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.20,0:00:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in fixing our broken\Nsocial security system.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.00,0:00:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an idea that could\Ngive dignity to millions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.66,0:00:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and accomplish what we should have\Naccomplished long ago
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.37,0:00:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in our rich\Nand wealthy countries:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.56,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eradicating poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But first,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.08,0:00:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to be honest with you:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.08,0:00:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually not my idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.32,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in fact it's\Nthe idea of this man,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thomas Payne,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.74,0:01:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who sadly wasn't able\Nto make it today
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.12,0:01:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.86,0:01:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because -- well,\Nhe died 200 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.76,0:01:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it was also\Nthe idea of these guys:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.52,0:01:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of history's greatest thinkers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.04,0:01:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I can hear you think:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.92,0:01:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What kind of idea\Ncould unite men so different
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.08,0:01:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the civil rights campaigner,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.48,0:01:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Martin Luther King, on the one hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.56,0:01:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the free market\Neconomist Milton Friedman,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.84,0:01:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the other hand?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.04,0:01:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What idea could\Nunite thinkers so different
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.32,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as Thomas Payne,\Nwho thought that the government
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the solution to most of our problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.12,0:01:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on the other hand,\NFriedrik von Hayek,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.32,0:01:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Austrian economist,\Nwho said that, well,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.68,0:01:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Government is in fact\Nthe problem, most of the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.52,0:01:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is this idea, that goes\Nagainst the spirit of our time,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.72,0:01:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right through\Nthe old political divisions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.96,0:01:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the left and the right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.80,0:01:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is this great idea,\Nthis Utopian idea
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.22,0:02:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that so many of\Nhistory's greatest thinkers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.16,0:02:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been dreaming\Nabout for centuries,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.68,0:02:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet which has failed to come true,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.06,0:02:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so far?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.36,0:02:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, some people call it\Nthe "citizen's dividend";
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.36,0:02:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other people call it\Nthe "basic income."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.20,0:02:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I like to call it
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.20,0:02:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"free money for everyone."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.08,0:02:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, that sounds good, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.84,0:02:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know, it also sounds
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.32,0:02:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a Utopian fantasy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.72,0:02:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that will never come true,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.84,0:02:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially not in our lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.64,0:02:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I want to remind you beforehand:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.04,0:02:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Utopias have a tendency\Nof coming true.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.40,0:02:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think of how\Nthe end of slavery,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.44,0:02:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equal rights for men and women,\Nand democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.64,0:02:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were all regarded\Nas impossible ideals, once.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.72,0:02:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in history, there is\Nsomething called progress.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.56,0:02:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's start with this\Nsimple, basic question:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.84,0:03:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the basic income?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.94,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it is a monthly grant,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enough to pay for your basic needs:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.20,0:03:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,food, shelter, education.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.52,0:03:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.52,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, some of you might ask:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't we have this already?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.77,0:03:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't there something\Ncalled social security,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.20,0:03:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't we have the welfare state?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.60,0:03:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, yes, but the basic income\Nis something entirely different.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.40,0:03:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the first place, it's universal,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.96,0:03:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so everyone would get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.36,0:03:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether you're a billionaire or a beggar,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.76,0:03:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether you're a man or a woman,\Nemployed or unemployed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.64,0:03:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the basic income is a right,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.28,0:03:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a right as a citizen of your country.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.08,0:03:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moreover, it's also unconditional,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.76,0:03:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you get it no matter what.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.12,0:03:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one's going to tell you\Nwhat you have to do with it;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.24,0:03:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no one's going to tell you\Nwhat you have to do for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.52,0:03:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The basic income is not a favor,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.04,0:03:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's a right, just like, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.16,0:03:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the freedom of speech is a right as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.64,0:04:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.50,0:04:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the past few decades,\Nin the past 30 or 40 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.04,0:04:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has become more than just an idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.76,0:04:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Free money for everyone"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.08,0:04:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more than just an idea nowadays,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.04,0:04:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has become a proven idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.16,0:04:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see on this map,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.64,0:04:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there have been experiments
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.76,0:04:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- this map is from 2012, by the way --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.58,0:04:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there have been experiments\Nall over the world
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.93,0:04:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially in the South,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.56,0:04:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Mexico to Brazil,\Nfrom South Africa to India,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.20,0:04:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,researchers and governments\Nhave experimented
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.56,0:04:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with giving people free money.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.28,0:04:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This map shows all the\N"cash transfer programs"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.56,0:04:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they call them, that reach\Nat least 5,000 individuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.58,0:04:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there have also been\Nvery large-scale experiments
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.72,0:04:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 70s and 80s in Canada\Nand in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.32,0:04:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're almost forgotten nowadays,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.96,0:04:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they were a big success.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.20,0:04:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what researchers have shown,\Ntime and time and again,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.92,0:04:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by comparing a test group\Nof poor people who receive free money,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.04,0:05:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a similar control group,\Nso that they could see the effects --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.68,0:05:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time and time again, they have shown\Nthat free money results in --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.44,0:05:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, lower inequality,\Nlower poverty, obviously;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.88,0:05:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also results in\Nless infant mortality,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.36,0:05:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lower health care costs,\Nlower crime rates,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.64,0:05:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better school completion records,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.64,0:05:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less truancy, higher economic growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.68,0:05:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better emancipation rates,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.80,0:05:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all kinds of other\Npositive social outcomes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.64,0:05:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time and time again,\Nresearchers have shown
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.76,0:05:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that free money may be\Nthe most efficient,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.44,0:05:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the cheapest, and the most civilized way
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.56,0:05:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to combat poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.52,0:05:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I'm not going to\Nbe able to summarize
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.88,0:05:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the experiments that happened on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.84,0:05:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I want to tell you\Nabout just one experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.44,0:05:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was done a few years ago\Nin the City of London.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.04,0:05:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this was an experiment\Nwith some homeless men.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.20,0:06:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To be exact, 13 homeless men
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.64,0:06:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lived on the streets of London.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.24,0:06:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were "street veterans":
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.64,0:06:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of them had been living\Non the cold tiles of "square mile",
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.60,0:06:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the financial district of London,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.68,0:06:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for more than 40 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.40,0:06:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I have to mention,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.84,0:06:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their presence was far from cheap --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.24,0:06:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think of health care costs,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.68,0:06:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legal cost, policing costs --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.92,0:06:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were costing\Nthe British taxpayers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.96,0:06:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundreds of thousands\Nof pounds every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.44,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, everything had been\Ntried at that point
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was time for something new.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.32,0:06:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the spring of 2009,\Na local charity decided:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.24,0:06:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, why not try free money instead?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.84,0:06:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, each of the homeless men\Nreceived £3,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.82,0:06:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cash.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.32,0:06:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No strings attached.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.98,0:06:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were completely free to decide
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.96,0:06:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever they wanted to do with the money.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.12,0:07:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only question they had\Nto answer for themselves was:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.04,0:07:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think is good for you?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.31,0:07:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Counseling services\Nwere completely optional.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.80,0:07:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, of course, most of the aid workers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.04,0:07:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't have high expectations:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.16,0:07:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they thought that, well,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.80,0:07:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the men are probably going\Nto spend the money
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.12,0:07:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on alcohol or drugs or gambling\Nor something like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.32,0:07:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, something amazing happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.16,0:07:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened in the first place was
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.99,0:07:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the men turned out\Nto be extremely frugal
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.52,0:07:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the money they received.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.28,0:07:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the end of the first year
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.00,0:07:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only £800 had been spent on average.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.94,0:07:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what did they spend it on?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.12,0:07:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A phone or a passport\Nor a dictionary,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.12,0:07:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each had his own idea
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.64,0:07:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what would be best for him.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.92,0:07:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moreover, a year later\Nthe impossible had happened;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.61,0:07:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,7 out of 13 of the men\Nhad a roof above their head.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.04,0:07:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two more had applied for housing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.28,0:07:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the men took gardening classes;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.52,0:07:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another learned how to cook, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.44,0:08:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They visited their children, again.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.84,0:08:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of the men\Nmade plans for the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.48,0:08:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sort of seemed as if\Nthe cash had empowered them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.36,0:08:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't know if there's\Na politician in the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.84,0:08:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a politician would\Nprobably ask at this point:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.44,0:08:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, this is a very interesting story,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.68,0:08:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what did it cost?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.36,0:08:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did the experiment cost?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.96,0:08:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the answer is £50,000,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.16,0:08:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including the wages of the aid workers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in addition to giving\Nat least seven individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.64,0:08:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another shot at life,\Nthe project had saved money
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.56,0:08:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a factor of at least seven.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.56,0:08:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a very\Nconservative estimate.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.80,0:08:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even the liberal,\Nfree market magazine,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.72,0:08:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Economist,\Nconcluded at that point:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.63,0:08:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most effeicient way to spend\Nmoney on the homeless
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.20,0:08:51.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might be just to give it to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.100,0:08:53.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.100,0:08:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Experiments such as these, and\Nthey've been done all around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.48,0:09:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,show us that we need to rethink\Nwhat poverty actually is.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.10,0:09:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poverty is not a lack of character;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.56,0:09:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poverty is a lack of money!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.56,0:09:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing more, nothing less.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.04,0:09:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it turns out that it's a great idea
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.08,0:09:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to give money to the poor\Nif you want to resolve that problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.52,0:09:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.52,0:09:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are living through a time and age
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.60,0:09:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which our societies and economies\Nare changing faster than ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.04,0:09:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an age of automation;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.48,0:09:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the robots are coming for our jobs.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.36,0:09:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this will bring, obviously,\Ngreat prosperity,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.12,0:09:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also means that\Nwe will have to adjust.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.40,0:09:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we do not adjust,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.12,0:09:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we keep applying the\Nsolutions of the 20th century
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.28,0:09:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the challenges of the 21st century,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.68,0:09:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the middle class will crumble,\Nand inequality will soar.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.84,0:09:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And truly this is a dystopian future.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.08,0:09:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nowadays, governments are obsessed
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.36,0:09:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with pushing people into jobs,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.32,0:10:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even when there are no jobs.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.00,0:10:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like the great inventor\NBuckminster Fuller once said:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.52,0:10:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have inspectors of inspectors,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.84,0:10:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people making instruments\Nfor inspectors to inspect inspectors.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.28,0:10:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The true business of people\Nshould be to go back to school
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.00,0:10:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and think about whatever\Nit was they were doing
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.24,0:10:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before somebody told them
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.84,0:10:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had to earn a living.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.34,0:10:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that the basic income\Nis a better alternative
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.16,0:10:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our current welfare mess.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.58,0:10:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I have to admit, throughout history,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.00,0:10:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there have always been\Nthree arguments against it,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.92,0:10:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three formidable objections.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.96,0:10:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first goes something like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.05,0:10:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, it's an interesting idea, but --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.28,0:10:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've done some calculations\Nand it's too expensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.36,0:10:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorry, can't pay for it.\NIt's not going to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.60,0:10:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this might have been true
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.12,0:10:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the times of Thomas Payne,\N200 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.96,0:10:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when almost everyone,\Nalmost everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.46,0:10:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was sick, poor, hungry and ugly.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.82,0:11:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.02,0:11:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not true anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.84,0:11:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a society, we are richer than ever!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.68,0:11:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to see the basic income
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.08,0:11:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a dividend of progress.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.52,0:11:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because our forefathers worked so hard
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.72,0:11:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to achieve our current\Nlevel of prosperity,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.04,0:11:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can now afford to give everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.24,0:11:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a share of their accomplishments.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.36,0:11:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.37,0:11:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eradicating poverty\Nis actually an investment.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.44,0:11:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An economist calculated
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.88,0:11:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it would cost about $175b
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.00,0:11:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to eradicate poverty in United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.12,0:11:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's quite a lot of money, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.80,0:11:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,$175b each year --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.96,0:11:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's only a quarter\Nof the country's military budget.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.04,0:11:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is entirely possible,\Nit's entirely doable.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.48,0:11:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after ten, or maybe twenty years,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.99,0:11:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wll turn out that the investment\Nhas paid for itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.66,0:11:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the government will save billions\Nin lower health care costs,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.46,0:12:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there will be less crime,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.24,0:12:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there will be lots more\Nproductive citizens
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.68,0:12:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will be able\Nto fulfill their dreams.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.20,0:12:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's move onto\Nthe second objection,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.92,0:12:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe that one's better.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.92,0:12:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second objection is:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.36,0:12:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ah, this is an interesting idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.56,0:12:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we might be able to pay for it,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.46,0:12:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but um --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.13,0:12:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you give people free money,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.92,0:12:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will stop working!
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.88,0:12:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it's human nature,\Npeople are lazy,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.12,0:12:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nothing can be done about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.32,0:12:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The interesting thing, here, is that
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.04,0:12:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I asked each one of you, in this room:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.48,0:12:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would you stop working when I'll give you,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.36,0:12:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, about 1000 € each month?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.12,0:12:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 99% of you would say:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.64,0:12:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course not. I've got dreams,\NI've got ambitions,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.76,0:12:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not going to sit on the couch, no.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.52,0:12:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if I asked\Neach and everyone of you,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.80,0:12:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would other people do,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.60,0:12:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they receive\N1000 € each month?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.44,0:13:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think about 99% of you would say:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.20,0:13:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.26,0:13:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll probably stop working!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.20,0:13:05.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.69,0:13:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it's human nature,\Nthey're lazy --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.44,0:13:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If that's what you're thinking,\NI've got some news for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.30,0:13:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The experiments that were\Nconducted all over the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.24,0:13:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also common sense, actually tell us
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.68,0:13:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that most people want\Nto contribute to society.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.08,0:13:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people want to make\Nsomething of their lives!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.80,0:13:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact some of the\Nexperiments have shown
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.09,0:13:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that poor people, especially poor people,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.11,0:13:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually work more,\Nwhen you give them a free grant.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.68,0:13:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it gives them the opportunity
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.08,0:13:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to invest in their lives,\Nor in their business, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.88,0:13:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third objection,\Nladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.00,0:13:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might be the most difficult to overcome.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.72,0:13:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hear people sometimes say:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.40,0:13:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, this is a great idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.28,0:13:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We might be able to pay for it\Nand I won't stop working,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.84,0:13:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe they won't too --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.00,0:14:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- but er -- this is too big!
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.20,0:14:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, politicians nowadays\Nthey're too busy with themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.68,0:14:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's never going to happen,\Nthey're always shortsighted,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.98,0:14:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is just too big an idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.12,0:14:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think it's going to happen."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.67,0:14:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, if that's what you're thinking,\NI want to introduce you to this man.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.00,0:14:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know him, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.74,0:14:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Richard Nixon.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.50,0:14:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The conservative president,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.76,0:14:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the corrupt president, from\Nthe Watergate scandal?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.44,0:14:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes! It was this man\Nwho almost implemented
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.12,0:14:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a modest basic income\Nat the beginning of the 70s
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.80,0:14:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.36,0:14:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It almost happened!
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.60,0:14:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His proposal got through\Nthe House of Representatives
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.68,0:14:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it hit the Senate floor\Nwhere doubts returned
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.43,0:14:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because some more\Nprogressive senators said:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.48,0:14:50.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, this is a great idea,\Nbut we want a larger basic income,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.51,0:14:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we're going to reject this proposal,\Nand --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.86,0:14:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, we never heard of it again.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.88,0:14:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an almost forgotten episode\Nin the history of United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.76,0:15:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it shows us\Nthat of course it's possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.44,0:15:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, once again:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.24,0:15:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Utopias have a tendency of coming true.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.96,0:15:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The end of slavery,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.40,0:15:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equal rights for men and women, democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.72,0:15:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were all regarded as\Nimpossible Utopian ideals once.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.08,0:15:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in history, there is\Nsomething called progress,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.20,0:15:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,however slow and erratic it might be.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.88,0:15:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All we need is a little\Nmore patience, sometimes.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.16,0:15:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All we need is a lot\Nmore collective ambition.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.84,0:15:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I understand that a short TED talk\Nis probably not enough to convince you
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.09,0:15:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that free money for everyone\Nis going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.36,0:15:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the biggest idea of the 21st century.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.52,0:15:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I encourage you\Nto read more about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.68,0:15:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look at the evidence for yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.92,0:15:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and think: Isn't it time\Nto update my worldview?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.16,0:15:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I said, our ideas often\Nlag behind the speed
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.12,0:16:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at which our societies\Nand economies are changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.16,0:16:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The basic income may not be implemented\Nin the next 3 or 4 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.04,0:16:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it may be implemented\Nin the next 30 or 40 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.64,0:16:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ideas can and do change the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.16,0:16:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, history is ruled by little else.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.60,0:16:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like the famous Irish poet,\NOscar Wilde, once said:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.82,0:16:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Stronger than a thousand armies\Nis an idea whose time has come."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.04,0:16:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I believe that in this century\Nthe time has come
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.67,0:16:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for free money for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.28,0:16:30.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.68,0:16:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)