[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.12,0:00:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My name is May-Li Khoe \Nand I'm a designer and an inventor.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.30,0:00:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So some of the things I've designed have been at Apple, and now I design products for kids to use
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.68,0:00:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they can have \Nan easier time in school.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.06,0:00:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My other jobs include DJ-ing and dancing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.62,0:00:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Computers are everywhere!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.96,0:00:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're in people's pockets, they're in people's cars, people have them on their wrists.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.18,0:00:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They might be in your backpack right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.16,0:00:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what makes a computer a computer?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.82,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does make a computer a computer anyway?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how does it even work?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.38,0:00:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi I'm Nat! I was one of the original\Ndesigners of the Xbox.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.46,0:00:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been working with computers since I was maybe seven years old and now I work on virtual reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.18,0:01:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As humans, we've always built tools to\Nhelp us solve problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.60,0:01:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tools like a wheelbarrow, a hammer, or a printing press, or a tractor-trailer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.90,0:01:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of these inventions helped us with manual work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.22,0:01:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over time, people began to wonder
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.38,0:01:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if a machine could be designed and built to help us with the thinking work we do,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.56,0:01:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like solving equations or tracking the\Nstars in the sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.82,0:01:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather than moving or manipulating physical things like dirt and stone,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.28,0:01:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these machines would need to be designed to manipulate information.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.04,0:01:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the pioneers of computer science explored how to design a thinking machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.74,0:01:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they realized that it had to perform four different tasks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.24,0:01:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would need to take input,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.08,0:01:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,store information
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.40,0:01:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,process it and then output the results.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.70,0:01:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this might sound simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.58,0:02:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these four things are common to all computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.74,0:02:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what makes a computer a computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.94,0:02:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The earliest computers were made out of\Nwood and metal
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.42,0:02:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with mechanical levers and gears.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.36,0:02:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the 20th century, though,\Ncomputers started using electrical components.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.60,0:02:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These early computers were really large and really slow.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.10,0:02:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A computer the size of a room might take hours just to do a basic math problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.40,0:02:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These machines are things of gleaming, varied colored metal and numerous flashing lights.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.32,0:02:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Computers started out as basic\Ncalculators,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.10,0:02:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was already really awesome at the time, and they were only manipulating numbers back then.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.80,0:02:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now we can use them to talk to each other, we can use them to play games, control robots,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.22,0:02:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do any crazy thing that you could probably imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.92,0:02:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Modern computers look nothing like those clunky old machines
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.12,0:02:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they still do these same four things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.74,0:03:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, we're going to talk about input.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.74,0:03:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is my favorite because what input is
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.18,0:03:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the stuff that the world does or\Nthat you do that makes the computer do stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.24,0:03:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can tell computers what to do\Nwith the keyboard,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.16,0:03:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can tell them what to do with the mouse, the microphone, the camera.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.64,0:03:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now if you're wearing a computer on your wrist, it might listen to your heartbeat
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.40,0:03:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in your car, it might be listening to what the car is doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.52,0:03:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a touchscreen can actually sense your finger, and it takes that as input on what it's doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.20,0:03:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these different inputs give a computer\Ninformation, which is then stored in memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.86,0:03:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A computer's processor takes\Ninformation from memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.48,0:03:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It manipulates it or changes it using an algorithm,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.92,0:03:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is just a series of commands.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.98,0:03:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it sends the processed information back to be stored in memory again.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.20,0:03:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This continues until the processed\Ninformation is ready to be output.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.32,0:04:07.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How a computer outputs information\Ndepends on what the computer is designed to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.26,0:04:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A computer display can show text, photos, videos, or interactive games -- even virtual reality!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.18,0:04:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The output of a computer may even include signals to control a robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.28,0:04:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, when computers connect over\Nthe Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.82,0:04:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the output from one computer becomes the input to another, and vice versa.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.62,0:04:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The computers we use today look really different from the earliest thinking machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.76,0:04:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And who knows what the computers of tomorrow will be\Nlike?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.62,0:04:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My hope is that you get to help decide what you want the computers of tomorrow to look like.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.48,0:04:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But across all computers, regardless of the different types of technology they use,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.48,0:04:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're always doing those same four things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.58,0:04:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They take in information,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.36,0:04:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they store it as data,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.98,0:04:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they process it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.52,0:04:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they output the results.