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潜行英雄们总有最好的道具

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从杀手47的钢琴线

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山姆·费舍尔搞笑的护目镜

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到艾米丽·考德温的各种超能力

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这些潜行高手常常凭他们的标志性道具成名

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因为事实上

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潜行游戏不仅在于坐等挡路的守卫挪开

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相反，它要求利用道具

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超能力和各种技能

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让形势变得对自己有利

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所以欢迎回到“潜行学堂”

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一个关于潜行游戏设计的迷你系列

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第二集里，我们已身处敌后

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准备渗透

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所以是时候看看我们的百宝腰带

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列举潜行游戏的五类道具

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就像我刚说的

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大部分潜行道具可归为五类

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第一类是能收集信息的道具

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也就是一切能让你突破视野限制的玩意

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所以当你无从得知一扇门后的情况时

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山姆·费舍尔可以将光纤探头伸入门缝进行侦察

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类似例子还有《异形：隔离》的“运动跟踪器”

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《隐形公司》的“锁眼窥视”

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《耻辱》的“探头窥视”

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以及用夜视仪看清黑暗中的敌人

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你甚至可以把Snake的审讯技巧算上

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因为它强迫敌人交待巡逻和弹药库存的情报

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这些道具让你比敌人拥有更多信息优势

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正如《枪口》作者汤姆·弗朗西斯所说

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“当你对敌人的了解胜过他们对你的了解”

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“你就可以把敌人纳入思考”

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“这些信息就是计划的原材料”

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潜行道具还能主导游戏节奏

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潜行游戏的节奏取决于如何小心探查下一个房间

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然后动身通过

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这是侦察与执行反复循环的过程

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第二类是能操控敌人的道具

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在上一集中

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我介绍了潜行游戏守卫如何通过虚拟的眼睛和耳朵去看去听

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第二类道具能让我们利用敌人的感知取胜

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所以一本《花花公子》

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一个诱饵

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一把掉落的武器都能引起守卫的视觉兴趣

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蝙蝠镖的响动

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黏力监视器的噪音

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还有那些摇滚金曲

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则触发守卫的听觉反应

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有时，这些干扰物就在游戏场景里

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如《杀手2》的溢水盥洗盆

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这些干扰道具能让AI角色偏离巡逻路线

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进入对我们有利的位置

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有些也许能帮你在守卫巡逻中开条缝

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让你悄悄溜过去

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有些则诱使敌人落入圈套

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或把他们引到暗处干掉

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你也可以进一步，用道具改变守卫行为

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在《忍者之印》中

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“恐惧飞镖”能让敌人变得恐慌多疑

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你可以利用这点让他们意外杀死队友

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第三类是能改变空间的道具

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为了帮大家理解

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我们得花点时间讲讲潜行关卡是如何设计的

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“神偷”游戏总监格雷格·罗彼哥罗曾说

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“空间就是关卡设计的筹码”

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他还说了如何给潜行关卡划分安全区和危险区

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“神偷”里，空间划分有两个维度

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一是光线明暗

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二是声响大小

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其它游戏可能有不同标准

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比如“蝙蝠侠”分位置高低

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“杀手”分公用和私人区

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但其实原理一样

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潜行关卡就像一片危险海域

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你得在安全的岛屿间游弋

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但是，利用道具可以改变这些布置

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比如“神偷”里，水箭能浇灭烛光

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把一片明亮的危险区变成阴暗的安全区

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在声响维度

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用青苔箭射出一片草毯，你就能悄无声息地踩上去

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让噪音区变得安静

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另一种办法是角色伪装

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这样就算身处危险区，也相对安全

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比如《潜龙谍影3》用迷彩系统来融入环境

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或“杀手”系列用伪装提升47的访问权限

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这些道具让关卡不再只是个静态谜题

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而成了有机会改变并为你所用的世界

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第四类是能改变你行动能力的道具

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通常，这些道具能让你到达守卫够不着的地方

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比如蝙蝠侠的“抓钩枪”

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能让你飞上房间高处的滴水嘴兽

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还有山姆的“劈叉跳”，在某些过道里

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能让你隐蔽地立于敌人上方

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还有“耻辱”里炫酷的短距传送：瞬移

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让你轻松爬上高处

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也能在掩体间穿行

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不过这些大胆动作在潜行游戏里并不常见

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大多数游戏只有普通姿势，比如

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站着、蹲着和趴着

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这些姿势都有不同的可见度

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声响

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和移动速度

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最后，第五类是能让敌人失去行动力的道具

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要是潜行游戏没了闷棍

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绊雷

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或可靠（但的确不真实）的消声枪会怎样？

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潜行游戏的代入感并不排斥干掉守卫

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只是你必须消除证据

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但有一点很重要

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潜行游戏通常不提供机关枪或火箭发射器，因为

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仔细想想上述五类道具

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他们能让你在各种维度上胜于敌人

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除了纯粹的蛮力

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你知道得更多，行动力更强

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你可以操纵守卫做你想做的事

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这些都带给你掌控感

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直到发生正面交火

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不过这点我们以后再谈

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除此以外，这些道具还有个共同点

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就是它们必须平衡

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要是不仔细考虑这些道具的局限或弱点设计

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它们很可能导致各种问题

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所以，不加限制地让你用道具操纵敌人和空间

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会产生万能解法

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也就是那些简单、超有效的策略

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你会一遍遍重复，从而无缘更有趣的玩法

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比如用数不清的石头引开无脑敌人

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或灭掉你看到的每根火把

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信息搜集能力太强的道具会破坏游戏体验

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所以在《刺客信条：起源》里

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你可以召唤猎鹰像无人机一样侦察

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标记出每个敌人

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然后你就对敌人的位置了如指掌

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只要他们还活着

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这会破坏潜行游戏的精彩节奏

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从本质上把它变成一次性又毫不费力的观测过程

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随后便是一路畅通、风险不大的行动阶段

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而且用威力过大的武器杀死（或永久瘫痪）每个敌人

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实际上会降低关卡复杂度

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游戏设计专家罗伯特·杨曾说

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在潜行游戏中杀人会“消解关卡”

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“断绝系统间的联系”

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“让游戏变得无聊”

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如果你曾在“耻辱”里杀了所有人，大摇大摆地踏过尸体通关

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就明白他说啥了

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噢，还有个问题：透视模式是如此有用

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以至于你舍不得关掉

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让整个游戏玩着就像机场的安检监视器一样

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所以我们该如何平衡这些道具？

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一是给系统加上先天限制

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看看《幽灵行动：荒野》

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它有着跟“刺客信条”相似的鹰眼系统

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只是鸟换成了无人机

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所以电量有限、航程不长

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还会被警觉的敌人击落

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它帮你搜集情报

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但并非无所不能

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同样的，《最后生还者》让你能透视墙后敌人

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但只在敌人发出声响时有效

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“杀出重围”允许你标记敌人

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但限制你同时能追踪的敌人数量

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另一种办法是让效能短暂化

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山姆·费舍尔可以大范围灭灯

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但灯光不久会恢复

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烟雾弹能在危险区里创造一个小小的临时安全区

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当你在《隐形公司》里击倒敌人

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他们会在几回合后苏醒

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除非你牺牲一名队员去把敌人锁死

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一个更显而易见的办法是通过数量来限制道具效能

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在《细胞分裂：混沌理论》

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你每关能拿的黏力监视器有限

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在“神偷”里

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你必须用上一关偷到的钱去买水箭

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尽管某些游戏允许无限地按键扔石子

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但“耻辱”只让你扔环境物品

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至于“杀手”

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你最多只能往一个橱柜塞两个敌人

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你还能赋予AI反击能力

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“杀手”里的执法者可以看穿你的伪装

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所以私人区域一样有风险

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在《影子战术：将军之刃》中

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戴着草帽的敌人没法被投石引开

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我不懂这背后的逻辑

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不过没事

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电子游戏嘛

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还有种适应性设计，比如《潜龙谍影5》

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如果你太擅长爆头，守卫们会戴上头盔

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《回声》的做法则更大胆

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敌人会学习并复制你的策略

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所以如果你惯用某种技巧

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当敌人以牙还牙时你也别见怪

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还可以为特定关卡或区域加上特殊设定

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暂时打断你的套路

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比如《细胞分裂：混沌理论》

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有一关在船上，引擎室里布满瓦斯

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所以你没法用武器和一切可燃物

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然后是关卡布局和守卫巡逻模式的设计

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孤身一人的守卫能被轻易摆平

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但相互照应的两名守卫则要求更复杂的策略

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最后

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还有存在于关卡环境之外的抽象系统

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所以在《隐形公司》里杀死一名守卫会让警戒程度升高一级

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而在“耻辱”中用致命手段击杀

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会让你在关卡后的评分中失去特定评价

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并影响后来的叙事

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关键是让玩家选择战术时更深思熟虑

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防止游戏退化成更单调的体验

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所以用武器要有风险

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不能毫无代价

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信息收集应谨慎而难免缺失

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不能轻而易举

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潜行策略应该混合多样

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而非无尽地重复

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以上就是第二课

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下回我们将继续深入探讨潜行游戏设计

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现在，请在下方评论聊聊你最喜欢的潜行道具

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嘿，感谢收看

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“游戏制作工具箱”的油管粉丝突破80万

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这太棒了

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如果你点击订阅按钮旁的铃铛

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就能在新视频发布时收到手机通知

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据我分析

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10%的粉丝已经这么做了

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所以，嘿

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谢谢大家