[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.05,0:00:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been asked to address\Nthe theme of changing conversations.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.10,0:00:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think certainly\Nin the field that I'm in,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.33,0:00:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a really important point to be at.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.60,0:00:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the discourses that are going on\Nwithin architecture
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.54,0:00:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as throughout society,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.16,0:00:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it is time to change\Nthe way that we look at things.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.63,0:00:22.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an architect, I've been involved\Nwith architectural projects,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.46,0:00:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with urban planning projects,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.38,0:00:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more recently, projects that engage\Nmuch more with the landscape.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.99,0:00:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I can see so many opportunities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.98,0:00:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so many ways\Nin which design can contribute
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.19,0:00:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has the capacity\Nto effect social change.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.12,0:00:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what I'm going\Nto talk to you today about.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.85,0:00:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Starting off, I think it might be useful\Nto talk a little bit about architecture,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.74,0:00:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think for many people,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.37,0:00:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,architecture is a slightly\Nmystical activity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.84,0:00:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not many people know what architects do.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.85,0:00:58.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of the time, I'm not sure\Nthe architects know what they're doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.25,0:01:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we try,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.36,0:01:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's important to try and embrace that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.21,0:01:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try and understand what that means.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.11,0:01:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I talk about architecture today,\NI'm not talking about the profession.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.70,0:01:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not talking about an activity that's\Npursued by a select group of people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.15,0:01:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with some specialized knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.54,0:01:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm talking about architecture\Nin the bigger sense:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.95,0:01:20.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,architecture in terms\Nof the room that we're in,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.23,0:01:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,architecture as a pervasive activity,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.10,0:01:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,architecture as the activity\Nthat is the creation of shelter,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.44,0:01:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the creation of space,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.93,0:01:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the design and the creation\Nof spaces between buildings,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.40,0:01:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the landscape.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.58,0:01:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's man's interaction with the landscape.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.63,0:01:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our construction\Nof the built environment --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.02,0:01:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what I mean by architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.100,0:01:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a specialized thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.06,0:01:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over the last, I suppose,\N20 or 30 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.04,0:01:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the predominance of the internet
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.38,0:01:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the wonderful\Nand exciting advancements
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.55,0:01:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are taking place in technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.36,0:01:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the things that has happened\Nis that our perception of the world
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.99,0:01:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has become commodified.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.40,0:02:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's become reduced in many ways
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.60,0:02:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a perception that is two-dimensional.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.54,0:02:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We spend a lot of our time,\Na lot of our lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.90,0:02:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at the world through screens,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.95,0:02:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's our laptops\Nor television screens
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.79,0:02:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or monitors at airports\Nor in the workplace
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.80,0:02:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even our telephones are now screens.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.53,0:02:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it has this effect of reducing\Nour perception of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.51,0:02:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It expands it in many ways,\Nbut it can reduce it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.93,0:02:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can turn into icons our idea\Nor our notion of certain concepts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.14,0:02:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ideas that are, in fact,\Nmaybe a lot more pervasive
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.22,0:02:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the two-dimensional image can convey.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.49,0:02:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that's true\Nabout architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.53,0:02:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we've grown accustomed\Nto thinking about architecture
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.61,0:02:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a really primarily\Ntwo-dimensional way, in a flat way,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.04,0:02:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the building is about\Nwhat it looks like, how it appears,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.02,0:02:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's visual commodity.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.97,0:02:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's much more than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.40,0:02:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's much more than an aesthetic\Nor just a sensory experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.39,0:02:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's very important,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.66,0:02:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's much more than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.14,0:02:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a complex operation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.74,0:03:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a big part of architecture\Nand a big part of design
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.85,0:03:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involves understanding the context\Nin which that design exists
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.82,0:03:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in which it's going to exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.38,0:03:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's having the imagination\Nto try and predict or project
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.34,0:03:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the building\Nor where the urban space
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.16,0:03:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or where the landscape\Nis going to be located,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.35,0:03:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it's going to be used,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.70,0:03:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what are the operations,\Nwhat are the activities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.98,0:03:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are going to take place\Nin that space.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.04,0:03:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you might call those\Nthe programmatic aspects of architecture,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.20,0:03:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the programmatic aspects of design.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.95,0:03:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that in recent times,\Nwe've tended to privilege
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.97,0:03:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or put at a higher level
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.10,0:03:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that visual sensory perception\Nor desire about architecture
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.09,0:03:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ahead and in advance\Nof those programmatic needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.74,0:03:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've tended to kind of\Ncreate monuments, create icons
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.56,0:03:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that create a sensation or create effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.55,0:03:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without really thinking through\Nthe value of the operation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.08,0:03:50.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that those places\Nor those spaces can affect.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.49,0:03:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's in that zone or in that area\Nthat I think we need to start looking
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.10,0:03:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or trying to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.28,0:03:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how architecture or how design\Ncan really impact on society,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.54,0:04:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how it can address\Nsome of the problems
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.01,0:04:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're facing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.27,0:04:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The big buzzword in design\Nand in what I do
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.80,0:04:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think what everybody does
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.31,0:04:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the idea of sustainability.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.46,0:04:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sustainability is an idea,\Na notion or a concept
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.72,0:04:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's triangulated by three very\Nimportant concepts or ideas:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.69,0:04:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the environment, the economy and society.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.66,0:04:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the global economy seems to be\Ncurrently in a kind of meltdown situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.03,0:04:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of work needs to be done there.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.79,0:04:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The environment\Nthat we live in is challenged.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.39,0:04:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got global warming,\Nwe've got rising tides,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.36,0:04:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've got all sorts\Nof disasters taking place,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.74,0:04:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all sorts of things happening
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.44,0:04:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that threaten the equilibrium of the world\Nand the environment that we live in.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.54,0:04:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And society itself\Nis also challenged and threatened
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.13,0:04:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by some of the issues\Nthat we're faced with.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.28,0:04:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we've heard about\Nsome of those issues today
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.27,0:04:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the need to change the paradigm\Nin which we perceive those things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.04,0:04:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really very crucial that we do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.02,0:05:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how does design impact that?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can how can I, as a designer,\Nor anybody as a designer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.30,0:05:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or any architect
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.96,0:05:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how can society --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.39,0:05:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what way can design impact on that,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.47,0:05:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what way can it affect that?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.49,0:05:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to talk today
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.68,0:05:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about ways in which I think\Ndesign can impact on society,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.43,0:05:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very specifically on society,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.37,0:05:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how that idea of design\Ncan infiltrate the idea of society
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.50,0:05:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and work with society\Nin the operations of society
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.54,0:05:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this programmatic way
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.25,0:05:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to effect social change.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.75,0:05:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an image of Frederick Street\Nin the early part of the last century.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.24,0:05:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think it's a good image\Nin lots of ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.69,0:05:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems like that little triangulation\Nof the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.58,0:05:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the economy and society
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.92,0:05:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems to be in a kind of balance.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.95,0:05:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it seems that in cities\Nwe can see that balance
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.31,0:05:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that cities are symbols or ciphers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.15,0:05:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ways in which we can we can understand\Nthe confluence of those forces.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.76,0:05:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And through time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.95,0:06:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there have been times when cities\Nhave done that very successfully.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.21,0:06:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are lots of examples\Nof very good cities
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.40,0:06:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which have found themselves\Nat a specific moment in time
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.61,0:06:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a point of balance or equilibrium.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.82,0:06:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look at Port of Spain as a city,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.20,0:06:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we consider the idea\Nthat, once upon a time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.49,0:06:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Port of Spain was just a little cluster,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.07,0:06:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little fishing village\Nat the mouth of the St. Ann's River.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.99,0:06:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet it's grown to be\Nsuch a big, complex conglomeration,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.25,0:06:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a big conurbation of lots and lots\Nof complex ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.08,0:06:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Italian architect Aldo Rossi,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.90,0:06:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a 20th-century architect who died\Nat the end of the last century,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.98,0:06:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made a very profound statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.77,0:06:43.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said architecture is the making\Nof the city over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.02,0:06:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's a great statement,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.88,0:06:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it talks, on one level,\Nabout the individual production
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.26,0:06:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and manufacture\Nof an object -- architecture --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.48,0:06:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it talks about architecture\Nas being a form of cultural production,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.24,0:06:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as something that speaks to an issue
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.96,0:07:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or speaks to ideas that are bigger\Nthan the sum of the parts of the building,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.66,0:07:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it relates it to the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.15,0:07:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also suggested that it's a constant,\Ndynamic, changing process.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.62,0:07:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that's a very\Nimportant thing to understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.34,0:07:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's also part of the program.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.06,0:07:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's nothing to do with visual,\Nit's to do with the program.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.05,0:07:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's how does this evolve,\Nwhat are the dynamics,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.38,0:07:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what are the components,\Nwhat are the elements
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.61,0:07:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that contribute to the unraveling\Nand the creation of the city?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.17,0:07:27.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also speaks to the fact that the city\Nis something that can be imagined.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.76,0:07:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the same way as we can conceive\Nand imagine of a space or a building,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.81,0:07:34.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can conceive and imagine of a city.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.42,0:07:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it speaks to the idea\Nof the individual and the collective.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.66,0:07:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's that link --\Nthe individual to the collective,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.76,0:07:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea of the civitas, the idea\Nof the society --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.69,0:07:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I think is a really important axiom
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.12,0:07:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for understanding\Nhow design can infiltrate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.21,0:07:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how design can effect change.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.98,0:07:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are some images\Nof how Port of Spain evolved
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.76,0:07:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a relatively short\Nperiod of 200 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.64,0:08:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a colonial plan that was developed\Nfollowing some ordinances
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.12,0:08:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sent out by the king of Spain,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.76,0:08:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the Laws of the Indies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.32,0:08:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many cities in the Caribbean\Nand Latin America
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.80,0:08:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were predicated and formulated on this.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.75,0:08:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a gesture, it was a single design
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.23,0:08:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that addressed the needs\Nand the requirements
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.10,0:08:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those establishing\Ncities and new colonies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.54,0:08:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it expanded, and over time,\Nas trade began to develop in Trinidad,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.85,0:08:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the city expanded, and it grew,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.65,0:08:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it started appropriating,\Nmore and more, the surrounding landscape,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.29,0:08:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until it grew to pretty much\Nwhat we have today,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.63,0:08:33.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or what we understand to be\Nthe city of Port of Spain.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.63,0:08:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as we all know,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.21,0:08:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that process grew also on a kind\Nof macro scale as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.83,0:08:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have the evolution and the development\Nof this big conurbation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.88,0:08:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that stretches from Port\Nof Spain to the west
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.93,0:08:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over to Arouca in the east
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.96,0:08:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and seems to be continuing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.56,0:08:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we've developed\Ninto this concept or idea
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.80,0:08:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that far exceeds the original\NLaws of the Indies plan.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.98,0:09:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's turned into a complex\Narrangement and matrix
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.48,0:09:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of infrastructures and complex issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.15,0:09:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,issues that, in many ways,\Nhave led to a lot of problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.90,0:09:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've led to a lot\Nof infrastructural problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.33,0:09:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we share this\Nwith many, many cities in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.90,0:09:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities all over the world\Nare expanding, they're increasing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.24,0:09:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're undergoing the same type\Nof development that we've undergone
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.47,0:09:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the point where the original Port\Nof Spain and the downtown Port of Spain
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.24,0:09:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that used to comprise the city,\Nused to constitute the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.12,0:09:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has now turned into this sort\Nof megalopolis, this sprawl,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.30,0:09:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's difficult to comprehend.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.91,0:09:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we think of the problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.56,0:09:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we think of the infrastructural problems:\Nthe water, the power,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.02,0:09:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the traffic congestion,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.92,0:09:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the crime, the segregation,\Nthe polarization that exists,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.97,0:09:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the situation that has led to what's\Nhappened in this country recently
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.33,0:09:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the state of emergency ...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.85,0:09:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes it seems\Ncompletely insurmountable.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.03,0:09:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems like we've got to a point\Nwhere we can't really control it
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.39,0:09:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the way that we can control\Nthat original plan.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.77,0:09:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't really control this anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.56,0:09:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's almost as if we're\Nvictims of the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.76,0:10:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than people that have willingly\Nor willfully designed the city
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.06,0:10:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or formulated the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.35,0:10:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another phenomenon that has happened\Ncommensurate with these issues
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.83,0:10:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of size and scale of infrastructure
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.17,0:10:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the predomination\Nof what I would call "typologies,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.39,0:10:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different types of development.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.75,0:10:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're all familiar\Nwith the high-rise development.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.15,0:10:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is some buildings in Hong Kong,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.02,0:10:27.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, the magnificent, tall structures\Nthat cost a fortune to build.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.43,0:10:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they predominate;
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.61,0:10:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's almost as if you can't have a city
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.53,0:10:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless you've got\Na high-rise building in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.66,0:10:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're symbolic, they seem emblematic\Nwith modernity and development.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.39,0:10:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then shopping malls\Nis another predominant type,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.45,0:10:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another prevalent type\Nthat all cities want to have,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.26,0:10:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea that you can\Nconcentrate all these shops
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.45,0:10:47.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all this retail activity in one place
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.91,0:10:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and create an environment for people\Nto come and do specific retail functions
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.50,0:10:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and purchase things and be\Nin a specific place at a specific time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.30,0:10:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the highway, the idea\Nof cutting through landscapes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.43,0:11:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create how it's to increase the speed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.49,0:11:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with which we can get\Nfrom one point to another.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.04,0:11:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we also have\Nsuburban development.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.07,0:11:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all typologies
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.71,0:11:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are emblematic of the type\Nof development that has taken place
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.93,0:11:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in modern cities, in Port of Spain\Nand cities all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.25,0:11:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there's nothing wrong\Nwith shopping malls,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.48,0:11:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's nothing wrong with highways,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.24,0:11:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's nothing wrong with high-rise\Nbuildings or suburban development.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.84,0:11:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is kind of wrong\Nis that what we seem to be doing
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.45,0:11:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is privileging types or ways of building
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.03,0:11:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ideas about building
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.85,0:11:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,above other really very important ways
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.87,0:11:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how we can conceive\Nor how we imagine space.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.85,0:11:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about schools?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.57,0:11:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about parks?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.91,0:11:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about making streets\Nthat are really comfortable to walk on
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.01,0:11:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the people are not confronting\Ntraffic noise and congestion all the time?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.100,0:11:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where is that in the equation?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.56,0:11:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems that with our focus on these\Ntypes of structures and these typologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.00,0:11:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are motivated and driven\Nprimarily because they generate profit,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.03,0:11:59.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're part of an economic\Nconsumer system,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.20,0:12:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they generate profit,\Nthat's why they're favored,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.54,0:12:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's why they are privileged\Nabove other types of development.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.60,0:12:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.98,0:12:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parks,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.39,0:12:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elements of cities that used to be really\Nsignificant and really important
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.92,0:12:13.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are being diminished and marginalized
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.80,0:12:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a consequence of the focus\Non this type of development.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.09,0:12:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're undermining\Nthe integrity of the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.59,0:12:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're undermining\Nthe capacity of the city
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.97,0:12:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to accommodate social interaction,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.43,0:12:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to accommodate everybody,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.03,0:12:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the other thing\Nis they're also exclusive.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.86,0:12:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To work in a high-end office,\Nyou need to be qualified,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.73,0:12:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to be educated,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.92,0:12:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you need to have\Naccess or the resources
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.00,0:12:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get the qualifications or the training\Nthat allow you to get the job in there.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.88,0:12:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't have those,\Nyou work outside somewhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.34,0:12:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not concerned about\Nwhat those places are like,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.85,0:12:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you just go and work somewhere else.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.60,0:12:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly, those people that used\Nto live in the cities
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.21,0:12:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or used to live and contribute\Nto the life of cities
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.69,0:12:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are being pushed out because buildings\Nlike high-rise buildings push them out.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.43,0:13:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a premium on land price\Nthat pushes people out of cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.15,0:13:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People can't go to shopping malls\Nunless they've got cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.00,0:13:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because those malls are generally\Nlocated on the peripheries of cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.54,0:13:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People can't go buy things\Nin shopping malls,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.08,0:13:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they don't have\Nenough disposable income;
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.41,0:13:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not going to spend money there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.30,0:13:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So those types of buildings,\Nwhilst they work for sectors of society,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.61,0:13:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't work for everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.86,0:13:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not equitable.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.09,0:13:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet, an undue amount of attention\Nis paid by government, by society
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.35,0:13:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on ensuring that those types\Nof buildings proliferate,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.52,0:13:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're seen as positive\Naspects of development --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.98,0:13:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the expense of types of building\Nand types of program
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.58,0:13:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could be beneficial to everybody,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.53,0:13:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,types of program\Nthat encourage interaction,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.04,0:13:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that encourage education,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.31,0:13:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that encourage people\Nto be with each other
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.43,0:13:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and encourage a sense of community.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.19,0:13:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These types of development\Ndissipate society,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.62,0:13:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they disaggregate society,\Nthey polarize society.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.39,0:13:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They create isolated groups of activity
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.80,0:14:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to which access depends upon how much\Nmoney you've got in your pocket.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.11,0:14:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a polarizing and negative force.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.94,0:14:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see it in this city,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.36,0:14:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're seeing it more\Nand more other cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.98,0:14:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what ends up happening
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.34,0:14:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we end up with this sort of stack,\Nthat's like a time bomb.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.90,0:14:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At some point the system must collapse,\Nit's really not sustainable.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.70,0:14:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like the economic\Nsystem in the world today --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.17,0:14:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's really not a sustainable system,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.98,0:14:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have to find ways of addressing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.05,0:14:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Design can't provide the solution,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.75,0:14:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what it can address is some\Nof the conditions that people live with.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.05,0:14:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can address some of the circumstances\Nin which people find themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.59,0:14:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the areas of cities
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.66,0:14:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to which people have\Nbeen shunted or pushed aside
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.00,0:14:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they can no longer\Nafford to live in the center,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.71,0:14:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can't participate\Nactively or fully
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.89,0:14:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this consumerized, capitalized system.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.13,0:14:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we need to try and conceive\Nof how we can transform
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.12,0:14:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these types of spaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.44,0:14:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we can integrate the activities\Nthat happen in these types of spaces
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.91,0:14:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within a bigger picture,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.21,0:15:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we can identify small moves\Nor small gestures,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.79,0:15:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether through design or economic\Ninitiative or social initiative
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.70,0:15:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that effect change and that allow\Ntransformation of spaces
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.40,0:15:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that encourage and facilitate\Ngreater participation.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.08,0:15:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are lots of ways of doing that.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.05,0:15:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And whilst it might seem complex\Nwhen we look at cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.71,0:15:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we look at the aggregate parts\Nof cities, it may seem insurmountable.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.21,0:15:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we try and isolate individual acts,\Nindividual ways of looking at things
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.22,0:15:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and formulate a program, a manner or way\Nof understanding how we can do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.10,0:15:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we can get nearer\Nto achieving or effecting
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.54,0:15:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some kind of social change.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.24,0:15:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are examples in the world\Nwhere that's been done.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.14,0:15:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Barcelona is a really good example\Nof a city where people sat down
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.48,0:15:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and collectively and actively\Ntried to conceive of ways
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.08,0:15:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which they could effect change,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.90,0:15:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they did it very successfully.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.72,0:15:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And nearer to home, in Bogotá,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.52,0:15:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Enrique Peñalosa, the mayor of Bogotá,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.27,0:15:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he took office, he decided,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.34,0:15:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm not going to spend billions\Nof dollars on creating more highways.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.76,0:15:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to appropriate the funds I have,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.83,0:16:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to create places --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.46,0:16:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parks that everybody can use,\Npublic spaces that people can use."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.38,0:16:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as he created, more and more\Npeople came into those spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.48,0:16:13.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those spaces were very effective\Nin encouraging participation,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.41,0:16:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encouraging senses\Nof community amongst people,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.90,0:16:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting people to come together
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.46,0:16:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to forget what little trifling contests\Nthey had between each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.84,0:16:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to start doing things together,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.40,0:16:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to start moving around the city together
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.35,0:16:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try to start acting together.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.54,0:16:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there are ways of doing it;\Nthere are models.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.43,0:16:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it comes back to this idea of program.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.46,0:16:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's our program?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.66,0:16:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I think we want to create\Nequitable society.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.03,0:16:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we want to create societies
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.70,0:16:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there's active and equitable\Nparticipation for everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.08,0:16:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where we can break down\Nsome of those inhibitions, those barriers.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.32,0:16:47.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can remove economic stigma,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.88,0:16:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can remove stigma around race,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.20,0:16:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around where you live,\Naround all those factors
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.42,0:16:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try and bring people together\Nin constructed and effective ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.13,0:16:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Trinidad, there are\Na number of examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.22,0:17:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are opportunities to do this\Nall over the place.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.86,0:17:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is City Gate.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.82,0:17:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the entrance to the city\Nfor tens of thousands of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.75,0:17:07.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People come in and out of it every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.68,0:17:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, what they're confronted\Nwith is pretty bleak, horrid, grey,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.56,0:17:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unwelcoming and sometimes unsafe
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.46,0:17:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of all the traffic zooming around.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.71,0:17:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that space from City Gate\Nthat moves up to Independence Square
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.96,0:17:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be a really wonderful experience,\Nyou know, with landscaping,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.22,0:17:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with proper accommodation\Nof the sort of facilities and amenities
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.94,0:17:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people would need and would enjoy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.14,0:17:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could become a really\Nvery important civic space.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.49,0:17:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Prado in Havana.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.92,0:17:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just a notional idea\Nof how that space could be treated
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.18,0:17:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that movement\Nin and out of the city every day
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.57,0:17:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becomes a really important\Nand uplifting transition
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.71,0:17:48.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the maxi taxi\Nto the place where you work.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.76,0:17:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In San Fernando we've got the waterfront,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.70,0:17:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a really very beautiful part\Nof this landscape in this country,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.75,0:17:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but is in complete neglect.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.34,0:18:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some really beautiful,\Nfine examples of 19th-century architecture
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.06,0:18:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that form, in and of themselves,\Nsome really fine spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.94,0:18:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to we need to look at\Nthose spaces, we need to appropriate them,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.42,0:18:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to determine uses for those spaces
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.48,0:18:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would encourage\Nall types of activity:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.77,0:18:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spaces for performance,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.77,0:18:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spaces for children to play in
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.38,0:18:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learn that it's cool and it's OK\Nand it's fun to be around other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.23,0:18:23.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spaces for people to do all the kinds\Nof activities that people like to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.87,0:18:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they enjoy doing collectively
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.56,0:18:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that benefit society
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.89,0:18:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and encourage people to interact,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.51,0:18:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regardless of their social\Nor economic circumstance,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.47,0:18:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or places for people to reflect,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.44,0:18:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parks, places for people to sit and relax.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.12,0:18:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are lots of ways we can do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.18,0:18:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ways in which we can address and look at\Nhow we break down those barriers.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.04,0:18:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can do it with architectural language.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.14,0:18:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can look at the ways\Nthat spaces are formulated
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.04,0:18:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to break down divisions and barriers\Nbetween inside and outside,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.23,0:18:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between green and hard surfaces
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.85,0:18:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try and generate spaces\Nthat really encourage interaction,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.02,0:18:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encourage people to do things together
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.21,0:19:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and encourage a sense of community.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.42,0:19:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to mandate government,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.49,0:19:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to provide examples\Nto developers, to people
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.79,0:19:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to generate that the benefit\Nof these may not be measured
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.51,0:19:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a financial return on investment,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.35,0:19:15.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the social benefit to us all is really\Nimmeasurable in the long run.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.63,0:19:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we do that,\NI think we can demonstrate --
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.08,0:19:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've demonstrated in the past that\Ndesigners had the capacity to do that --
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.90,0:19:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think if we can do that,\Nwe can demonstrate to people
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.77,0:19:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that society is an inclusive community,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.40,0:19:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that if everybody is included,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.79,0:19:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if everybody feels part\Nof the society,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.20,0:19:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we have a much better chance\Nof ensuring a sustainable future.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.40,0:19:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.