0:00:15.460,0:00:17.480
My name is Paolo Sammicheli,

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and my next car will travel[br]at 40 Km per liter.

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I am here to tell you[br]the story of Wikispeed

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and of a modern hero,[br]with a heroic name: Joe Justice.

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In 2008, Progressive Insurance

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offered a ten million dollars prize

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for an XPrize competition,

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challenging the attendees to build a car[br]that could travel 100 miles per gallon:

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for us Europeans,

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this means 100 Km[br]with 2,8 liters of petrol.

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In 2008 there already were[br]some 100Mpg cars.

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But they were more like this bobsled:[br]they could just host the driver,

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and sure they didn't meet[br]legal road safety requirements.

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One of the things[br]the XPrize commission asked

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us to do was to meet[br]these road safety requirements

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to drive in United States.

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Joe Justice decided to join,[br]and at first he was basically alone,

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but thanks to social media,[br]he started sharing via web

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his experiences, his mistakes,[br]and the lessons he was learning.

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And pretty soon,

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a community of 44 people,[br]from four different countries,

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virtually knocked on his door to help.

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And so Wikispeed was born.

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Wikispeed, in just three months,

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with no corporate or university support,

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built the first prototype[br]and joined the competition,

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achieving a whopping tenth place,

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beating more than 100 other cars[br]from all around the world

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sponsored by universities and companies,

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in what the New York Times[br]called "incredible".

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How did they do that?

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Joe Justice, just like me,[br]is a software developer,

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and he took the best practices[br]of software engineering

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to enable him to create products[br]and innovate quickly.

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Flexible methods with weird names[br]like Scrum, Kanban, eXtreme Programming.

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With the $10.000 consolation prize,

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the team could afford[br]their car's road legalization tests.

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In 2011, Wikispeed received an invitation

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to show the car in the world's[br]largest auto show.

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In Detroit, Michigan, in a sense[br]"the belly of the monster".

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The world's most important[br]car brands would also attend.

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Great excitement[br]in the team, but also panic!

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The Wikispeed team wanted[br]something nicer, for a car show,

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than the prototype[br]they used for the challenge.

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But creating a custom shell,[br]would take three months and $36,000.

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So Joe came back to school,[br]and took training in composite materials.

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Once back with the team,

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they started making models[br]of the new Wikispeed body.

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Small at the beginning, [br]and a full size model later on.

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And in only three days,[br]at a cost of just $800,

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they built a carbon fiber body[br]for the exhibition.

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It was so beautiful.

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Thankfully, because[br]they were placed on the main floor,

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between Ford and Chevrolet.

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Everybody talked about them that day:

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The New York Times Online;[br]The National Geographic; Wired Magazine;

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even Rai 3 with "Report", in Italy.

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Today Wikispeed has 1000 members[br]from 40 countries, and they build cars.

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If you go on the Wikispeed website

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it's just like any open source[br]software project:

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you can download the plans for free[br]and build it yourself;

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or you can order the parts,[br]and mount it yourself;

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or you can ask them[br]to build one for you.

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And they are doing[br]other interesting projects

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like micro-houses[br]that cost less than 100 Usd

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with a bed, a bathroom,[br]and a lockable front door

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to help involuntary homelessness[br]with recycled material.

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But the most stunning thing

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that Joe Justice[br]and the Wikispeed team did

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is showing that you can apply[br]some specific software methodologies

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to build tangible products,

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debunking a common belief[br]that this wasn't possible.

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They organized the team[br]with a method called Scrum,

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that in software creates cohesive[br]and very productive teams.

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All members work in pairs,[br]taking the idea from eXtreme Programming,

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so that knowledge is passed[br]from a team member to another,

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thus also increasing quality and safety.

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And the car is designed

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with what we call in software[br]"object-oriented programming",

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destructuring the car[br]in pre-defined modules,

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with stable connecting interfaces

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so you can change or improve[br]single parts of the car

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without redesigning the entire project.

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Still today, the Wikispeed chassis

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is the lightest chassis[br]on sale in the United States

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with a five-star rate[br]equivalency in a crash test.

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They achieved it because security tests

0:06:01.480,0:06:05.880
are designed and created[br]even before the components to test.

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We took this idea from software also:

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it's called "Test-driven[br]development".

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But above all, they proved[br]that even in building physical products

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a team's mood[br]is a productivity multiplier.

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Every industry[br]can benefit from these ideas.

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And today, Joe works as an advisor,[br]helping companies all around the world

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to find new ways[br]to create better products.

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And here's where I met him last summer,

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Colorado, north of Denver,[br]at the Scrum for Hardware Gathering,

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which was the first international meeting

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of these crazy software guys

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driven by the idea[br]of contaminating the industry

0:06:47.638,0:06:49.400
with ideas coming from software.

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We've been discussing for two days

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about those software practices[br]that are best portable to hardware,

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and the less portable ones.

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Eventually we wrote[br]a document, a manifesto,

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with principles and values[br]coming from our own experience.

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Saturday morning we went[br]to a garage, at Hubert Smith's home,

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the guy with the glasses behind me.

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We had a Wikispeed build party -

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namely, we built[br]a Wikispeed car from scratch.

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Upon my arrival to the United States,

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I said to myself,

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"I'll probably be the only Italian,[br]maybe even the only European."

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I was wrong.

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Upon my arrival,[br]seven out of 30 participants,

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plus me, were Italians, all working[br]on a company based in Ivrea,

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founded decades ago[br]by former Olivetti employees.

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During the day,

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we had a lot of fun building the car.

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It was also quite tiring.

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At the end of the day Joe was super happy.

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We mounted the four[br]suspensions on the chassis;

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attached the wheels, the brakes,[br]the steering mechanism;

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fixed the body, which got damaged[br]during the shipping;

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and integrated all the parts

0:08:07.413,0:08:09.794
to ensure a perfect coupling.

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According to Joe,

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[br]we did two and a half days worth[br]of a normal team's work

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and could we have stayed[br]four more days in the US, he told us,

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we could have turned our Wikispeed car on!

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At the end of the day, exhausted[br]as we were, we all drank a beer together.

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I went close to our host and I said,

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"Hubert, your next car[br]is going to be built

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by a bunch of nerd programmers,[br]and most of them come from Italy.

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I suggest you buy[br]an all-inclusive insurance!"

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(Laughter)

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That day, a community of people was born,

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with the idea to contaminate[br]industries of all kind

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with ideas coming from software.

0:08:56.080,0:08:58.160
They wrote a document, a manifesto

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with principles and values[br]around this idea.

0:09:01.400,0:09:04.760
In English, firstly, then[br]translated into Italian.

0:09:05.560,0:09:07.400
A website was then made

0:09:07.400,0:09:10.019
with experiences from companies[br]around the world

0:09:10.019,0:09:11.828
who started using these ideas.

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In English, firstly[br]translated into Italian.

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I felt something similar

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during my first travel[br]to the US, years ago.

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I went to California, to Silicon Valley,[br]to attend a conference at Google HQ.

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On Saturday, with other colleagues,[br]we went to visit some museums.

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And in San Jose,

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the administrative capital[br]of Silicon Valley,

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at the Museum of Science and Technology,

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we found an exhibition

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about Leonardo da Vinci,[br]a 16th century engineering.

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Once in, just around the corner,

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I found the history of Siena's engineers[br]and our old aqueduct.

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On my way out,

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our district's flags[br]hovered around the ticket office.

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I basically flew across the ocean,

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going to the world's[br]most technological place,

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to find out that the world's[br]most technological place

0:10:07.080,0:10:09.127
was my own town, but 500 years ago.

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Now it looks like a new[br]Industrial Revolution is coming,

0:10:13.680,0:10:15.822
they call it the Fourth[br]Industrial Revolution.

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They say that it will no longer[br]be the bigger fish eating the smaller,

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but the faster fish eating the slower.

0:10:26.400,0:10:29.304
That's exactly what happened[br]in the software industry

0:10:29.304,0:10:30.304
in the last 15 years.

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In a few years, a bunch[br]of young guys in a garage

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beat the giants of the stock market.

0:10:39.240,0:10:41.363
So if all the things

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that gave glory to software[br]in the last 15 years -

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the sharing, the open source,[br]the team work and the audacity -

0:10:50.880,0:10:52.120
if all these things

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are about to seep[br]into all kind of industries,

0:10:55.520,0:10:57.720
well, I'm sure it's going to be awesome!

0:10:58.325,0:10:59.392
Thank you!

0:10:59.392,0:11:00.812
(Applause)