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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.73,0:00:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.82,0:00:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, today, I'm going to be talking\Nabout what psychopathy is, the term,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.06,0:00:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we're doing about it\Nhere at Juniata College.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.71,0:00:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I'll begin by saying\Nin the fall of 2016,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.09,0:00:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our lab in the Psychology Department,\Nunder Professor Rebecca Weldon,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.88,0:00:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was attempting to ascertain some\Nof these features underlying psychopathy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.83,0:00:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how they relate\Nto student populations.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.47,0:00:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found, consistent with the hypothesis\Ncalled the distress-specific hypothesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.70,0:00:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I'll talk about in a little bit,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.61,0:00:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that participants who were\Nhigher in psychopathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.62,0:00:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is this empathic deficit,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.52,0:00:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were slower in recognizing\Nthe fearful faces of other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.26,0:00:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to discuss\Nthe implications of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.60,0:00:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in the fall of this school year,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.80,0:01:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we wanted to try something else,\Nwe wanted to question the impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.46,0:01:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fact is that there are\Nvery few treatments for psychopathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.45,0:01:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we wanted to see\Nif we could alter this effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.55,0:01:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this delay in recognizing\Nthe fearful faces of other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.28,0:01:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by priming empathy,\Nor something like empathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.14,0:01:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in those people who were\Nhigher in psychopathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.51,0:01:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think in order to understand\Nwhat I mean by "psychopathy,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.39,0:01:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should discuss how the term\Nhas been sensationalized in the media.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.50,0:01:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in pop culture in Hollywood,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.64,0:01:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is this thing that has been coined\Nthe "elite psychopath."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.92,0:01:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I'll tell you a bit\Nabout what that is,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.97,0:01:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but first, I think I should give\Nsome examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.24,0:01:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such characters as Hannibal Lecter,\NPatrick Bateman from American Psycho,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.57,0:01:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the most recent television\Nadaptation of Sherlock Holmes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.11,0:01:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of these could qualify\Nas this elite psychopath caricature,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.20,0:01:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's problematic in a number of ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.38,0:01:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These characters are\Nantiheroes at the core.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.64,0:02:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you are invited to empathize\Nwith these protagonistic characters
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.94,0:02:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who never really do show\Nempathy to other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.61,0:02:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, of course, we want\Nto emulate these characters.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.74,0:02:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as a matter of fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.95,0:02:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they do show some\Nof the qualities of psychopathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.100,0:02:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are cold, calculating, apathetic,\Nthey're sophisticated,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.17,0:02:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're also some things\Nthat we don't really see as often
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.26,0:02:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in actual psychopathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.86,0:02:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're one step ahead\Nof the competition, always,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.23,0:02:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are Machiavellian masterminds,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.77,0:02:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's not something we really see.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.44,0:02:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to talk about how\Npsychopathy has been characterized
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.93,0:02:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the field of psychology,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.04,0:02:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those components will be differences\Nin action and differences in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.43,0:02:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, I think it's important\Nto note that in the DSM-5,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.13,0:02:51.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a terminology manual\Nfor Psychology,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.73,0:02:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,antisocial personality disorder has been\Nconsidered synonymous with psychopathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.57,0:02:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While it shares some common symptomology,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.54,0:03:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be considering psychopathy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.35,0:03:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in accordance with a different set\Nof features and facets
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.58,0:03:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that set it apart ever so slightly\Nwith antisocial personality disorder.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.50,0:03:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I should start by saying\Nin antisocial personality disorder,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.74,0:03:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see symptoms like aggression,\Noutward aggression,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.43,0:03:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be generalized,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.61,0:03:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this impulsiveness,\Nsensation-seeking behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.40,0:03:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recklessness and association\Nwith criminal behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.79,0:03:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's talk about some of these.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.61,0:03:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lack of guilt or remorse.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.51,0:03:28.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lack of emotional expression.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.54,0:03:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These symptoms are affective\Nor emotional processing differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.96,0:03:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our study focused mainly on these.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.21,0:03:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people who are high in psychopathy\Nwill tend to be callous,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.25,0:03:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bit like the pop culture representation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.48,0:03:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will lack emotional expression,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.55,0:03:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they won't be expressing\Nemotions to other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.62,0:03:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also a lack\Nof prosocial emotional response,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.09,0:03:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means in day to day interaction,\Nwhen someone is showing distress,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.13,0:03:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are expected\Nto behave in a certain way;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.57,0:03:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.14,0:04:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are also differences\Nthat are interpersonal in nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.83,0:04:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They manipulate other people,\Nthey use them as a means to an end.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.94,0:04:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is grandiosity as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.19,0:04:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or an exaggerated sense\Nof self-importance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.44,0:04:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is also seen in psychopathy,\Nin people who are high in psychopathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.68,0:04:19.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a last piece, and that piece is\Nsensation seeking and impulsivity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.63,0:04:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not so much seen\Nin the elite psychopath caricature.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.48,0:04:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who are high in psychopathy\Nwill act impulsively,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.92,0:04:33.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will seek sensation and they will not\Nduly consider risk versus reward.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.43,0:04:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, often, they will\Ncommit criminal acts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.96,0:04:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and subsequently be incarcerated.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.72,0:04:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they seek sensation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.22,0:04:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have to calculate\Nthis risk versus reward,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.46,0:04:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have to actively weigh the risk\Nversus reward in order to make the action,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.18,0:04:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we don't really see this\Nin people who are high in psychopathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.24,0:04:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course there is\Nthat aggression piece,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.36,0:04:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this generalized aggression.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.12,0:05:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, people who are high in psychopathy\Nhave difficulty determining
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.21,0:05:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,victims versus victimless crimes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.56,0:05:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, when they commit these crimes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.37,0:05:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they do not duly consider the potential\Nimpact this might have on another person.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.51,0:05:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's talk about some of the brain\Ndifferences we see in psychopathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.92,0:05:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mainly, we'll talk about the amygdala,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.73,0:05:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is an area of the brain\Nnear the center of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.94,0:05:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's less activation in people\Nhigher in psychopathy, in this region,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.35,0:05:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they are looking\Nat the emotions of other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.02,0:05:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically distress emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.23,0:05:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's important
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.36,0:05:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because when you're not processing\Nthe distress of other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.49,0:05:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps you're not also feeling\Nthe guilt and remorse
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.69,0:05:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a normal person\Nwould typically experience
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.28,0:05:44.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they can tell those people\Nare experiencing those emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.26,0:05:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when there's less activation in people\Nwho are high in psychopathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.26,0:05:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this area of the brain, the amygdala,\Ninvolved in emotional processing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.66,0:05:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again shows less activation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.32,0:05:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what's the importance\Nof studying psychopathy?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.81,0:06:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, there is this linkage\Nbetween psychopathy and crime.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.30,0:06:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the literature\Non psychopathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.42,0:06:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will find that most\Nparticipants are inmates.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.90,0:06:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not a coincidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.30,0:06:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is far more prevalent\Nin prison populations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.74,0:06:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been estimated anywhere\Nfrom 50% to 80% of inmates could qualify
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.14,0:06:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for some symptomology in psychopathy\Nthat is above the norm.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.90,0:06:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Outside of prison populations,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.56,0:06:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a much less percentage could be\Nconsidered high in psychopathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.20,0:06:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has been estimated anywhere from 1.3%\Nto 6.85% of men in the general population,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.13,0:06:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mainly in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.47,0:06:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could qualify as having some symptomology\Nassociated with psychopathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.06,0:06:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas in women, it is 0.8%.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.52,0:06:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So considerably less
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.09,0:06:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be considered to qualify\Nfor the symptoms of psychopathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.83,0:06:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is also important to study psychopathy\Nbecause at this time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.75,0:06:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treatments for psychopathy\Nhave been largely unsuccessful.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.11,0:06:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is because treatments\Nlike cognitive and behavioral strategies
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.60,0:06:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,require some kind of agency\Nor willingness to change,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.75,0:07:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in participants, or patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.12,0:07:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who are high\Nin psychopathy, unsurprisingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.67,0:07:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seem to lack this agency\Nand willingness to change,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.06,0:07:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so the treatments\Nare largely unsuccessful.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.36,0:07:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is being done?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.65,0:07:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, currently, our lab,\Nhere at Juniata College,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.52,0:07:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is working on this\Ndistress-specific hypothesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.48,0:07:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is that the affective symptoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.29,0:07:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the emotional processing\Nsymptoms of psychopathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.96,0:07:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be responsible for this deficit
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.01,0:07:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in processing the distress\Nemotions in other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.84,0:07:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we thought, "What if we could\Nprime them for a congruent emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.31,0:07:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe that could,\Nmaybe, alter this effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.46,0:07:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this delay in processing\Nthe emotions of other people?"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.19,0:07:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we used something called the\Nautobiographical emotional memory task,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.76,0:07:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which challenges a participant\Nto recall a time in their life
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.13,0:07:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they felt a specific emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.01,0:07:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We used fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.14,0:07:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our participants recalled a time\Nin their life where they experienced fear,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.42,0:07:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.92,0:08:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it may be that fear becomes\Nmore salient, it's more accessible,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.94,0:08:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's more easy to recognize\Nin other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.29,0:08:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we could take participants,\Npeople who are high in psychopathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.54,0:08:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and prime them for this fear,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.41,0:08:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they may subsequently be better able\Nto recognize that fear in other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.95,0:08:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if our findings support this,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.86,0:08:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it may be that priming\Nfor a congruent emotion
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.97,0:08:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be a way, through exposure,\Nto condition an empathic response
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.10,0:08:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in people who would otherwise\Nlack such a response.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.51,0:08:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, we could foster\Nempathy in psychopaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.58,0:08:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this would be groundbreaking
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.13,0:08:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because incarceration in our country\Nis at an all-time high,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.26,0:08:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we could somehow minimize this
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.60,0:08:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through developing strategies to address\Npeople who have psychopathic symptoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.61,0:08:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before criminal behaviors\Ncan begin to manifest,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.14,0:08:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we might be able to deal
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.32,0:08:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the current dilemma\Nthat is psychopathy in our country.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.76,0:08:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.94,0:08:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)