[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.79,0:00:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really don't like\Nto watch horror films alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.04,0:00:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That stuff is terrifying, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.87,0:00:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sure many of you\Nrecognize this situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.84,0:00:29.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You put on a horror film,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.21,0:00:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you turn down the lights,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.58,0:00:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn up the volume, and sit back.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.47,0:00:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're watching as monsters\Ncome creeping out of the dark
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.48,0:00:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in search of prey.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.50,0:00:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your heart goes out\Nto the poor characters in the film,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.28,0:00:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you start squirming in your seat\Nas the monsters get closer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.68,0:00:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your pulse accelerates,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.74,0:00:49.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your palms get sweaty,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.27,0:00:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your hair stands on end.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.47,0:00:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is when you begin\Nto throw nervous glances
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.31,0:00:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the corners of the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.04,0:00:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was that sound?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.85,0:01:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surely it didn't come from the television?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.88,0:01:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was that movement in the shadows?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.38,0:01:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The horror that's on the screen
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.08,0:01:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bleeds in through your system\Nand into the surroundings.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.30,0:01:14.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world around you\Nturns threatening and scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.87,0:01:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You cover your eyes, but it doesn't help.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.72,0:01:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pretty soon, you'll have to switch off.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.58,0:01:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even though you shut off the film,\Nyour heart keeps hammering away.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.19,0:01:26.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll probably have nightmares tonight.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.100,0:01:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still, maybe you ought\Nto put the film back on.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.12,0:01:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are kind of curious, after all.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.94,0:01:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's my Saturday night in a nutshell.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.93,0:01:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.93,0:01:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody else ever been in that situation?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.05,0:01:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of all the strange things that humans do,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.43,0:01:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watching horror films\Nhas got to be one of the strangest.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.07,0:01:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also a really interesting behavior,\Nscientifically speaking.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.57,0:01:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a horror researcher,\NI have thought about it a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.71,0:01:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do we do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.02,0:01:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do we watch horror films\Nand read horror novels
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.40,0:01:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and play horror video games?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.51,0:02:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why are there so many spooky creatures\Nin our worlds of make-believe?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.25,0:02:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what is horror?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.59,0:02:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Horror is a kind of entertainment\Nthat's designed to spook people,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.35,0:02:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make them scream and shiver with fear\Nand break out in a cold sweat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.62,0:02:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think Stephen King\Nand "Paranormal Activity"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.02,0:02:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "The Exorcist."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.44,0:02:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a consistently popular\Nand profitable genre.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.43,0:02:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stephen King has sold\Nmore than 350 million books worldwide.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.32,0:02:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the last 20 years,\Nin the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.64,0:02:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,horror films grossed\Nclose to 8 billion dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.40,0:02:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's weird.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.87,0:02:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's weird because horror is by definition\Ndesigned to make its audience feel bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.40,0:02:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A good horror film\Ninspires negative emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.93,0:02:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes us feel disgust and dread\Nand terror and anxiety and fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.38,0:02:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me ask you -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.38,0:02:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many of you seek out\Nhorror films from time to time?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.46,0:02:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Show of hands, please.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.54,0:02:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raise your hand if you\Nsometimes seek out horror.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.28,0:02:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, that's about half.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.06,0:03:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That matches my own research.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.83,0:03:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Along with some colleagues,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.12,0:03:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm looking into the personality\Nprofile of horror fans,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.06,0:03:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're finding that more than half,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.15,0:03:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or about 54%,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.92,0:03:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,answer in the affirmative\Nin response to the statement
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.78,0:03:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I tend to enjoy horror media."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.76,0:03:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only 29% say they don't agree\Nwith this statement,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.18,0:03:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the remaining 17%\Ncan't make up their mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.97,0:03:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.10,0:03:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, they're probably the ones\Nwho would die first in a horror film.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.52,0:03:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.30,0:03:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next would be the ones\Nwho say they don't like horror.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.18,0:03:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.21,0:03:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.19,0:03:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people really do tend to like
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.62,0:03:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kind of entertainment\Nthat's designed to make them feel bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.63,0:03:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is that the case?\NAnd how does horror even work?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.02,0:03:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are the kinds of questions\NI've been researching,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.60,0:03:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here is what I've found out.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.15,0:03:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Horror, in whatever medium,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.00,0:03:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from films and literature\Nto video games and virtual reality,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.84,0:03:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,works by exploiting an ancient and evolved\Nset of biological defense mechanisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.71,0:04:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's call it the "evolved fear system."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.09,0:04:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we want to understand\Nhow that system works
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.23,0:04:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why it became part of human nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.25,0:04:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to look at the evolutionary\Nhistory of our species.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.31,0:04:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, our evolutionary ancestors
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.27,0:04:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found themselves in a world\Nthat was full of danger.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.64,0:04:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was the threat\Nfrom predators and creepy-crawlies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.44,0:04:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and invisible microorganisms or disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.23,0:04:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the threat from other humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.76,0:04:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In response to those dangers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.31,0:04:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our ancestors gradually\Nevolved a fear system
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.48,0:04:31.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would keep them alert and alive.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.88,0:04:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, our species evolved\Nto be hypervigilant and highly fearful
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.82,0:04:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because being hypervigilant\Nand highly fearful
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.30,0:04:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kept our ancestors alive\Nin a dangerous world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.81,0:04:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world may now be less dangerous\Nthan it was in ancestral times,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.52,0:04:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least in terms of predation:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.38,0:04:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not in any immediate danger
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.29,0:04:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being attacked by a saber-toothed cat\Non our way home from work.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.03,0:04:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we are no less vigilant\Nand no less fearful
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.84,0:04:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than our evolutionary ancestors.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.78,0:05:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And horror entertainment takes advantage\Nof that aspect of human nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.99,0:05:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So horror entertainment works\Nby transporting us imaginatively
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.74,0:05:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into virtual worlds\Nthat are full of danger.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.16,0:05:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In horror films and literature,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.78,0:05:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we follow and mirror protagonists\Nas they confront terrifying threats.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.45,0:05:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take Stephen King's\N"The Shining," for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.46,0:05:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, we follow a family\Nwho is snowed in at a haunted hotel.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.86,0:05:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the novel's most famous scene,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.59,0:05:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the young boy, Danny, goes into room 217.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.72,0:05:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He walks nervously around the room\Nand into the bathroom
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.02,0:05:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where a hotel guest killed herself\Nsome years before.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.17,0:05:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hotel is now supposed to be\Nempty of guests,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.42,0:05:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to Danny's surprise,\Nthere is somebody in the bathtub -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.47,0:05:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or some thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.53,0:05:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To Danny's horror, it's a corpse.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.14,0:05:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the corpse of the woman\Nwho killed herself.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.75,0:05:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's lying there,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.79,0:06:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bloated and purple\Nand with glassy, wide eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.40,0:06:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's rotting like meat\Nfestering in the trash.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.29,0:06:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then she starts to get up.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.59,0:06:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,King provides a detailed\Nand really vivid description
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.12,0:06:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this moving corpse,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.53,0:06:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as readers, we are forced\Nto hold that image in our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.12,0:06:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's bad enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.37,0:06:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we're also given\Na detailed description
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.37,0:06:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Danny's response to the situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.83,0:06:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We learn that he tries to scream\Nand wets himself.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.48,0:06:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are made to mirror\Nhis fear and revulsion,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.50,0:06:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that strengthens our own responses\Nto the horrible image.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.34,0:06:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our fear and revulsion
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.50,0:06:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,become mixed with sympathetic anxiety\Nfor a character in danger.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.40,0:06:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a strong emotional cocktail.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.71,0:06:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interactive and live-action media\Nturn the screw on horror entertainment.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.62,0:06:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Horror video games, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.21,0:06:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make you feel as if you're the protagonist\Nin a digital world populated by monsters.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.41,0:06:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a haunted attraction,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.79,0:07:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visitors walk through scary sets\Npopulated by scare actors.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.62,0:07:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a picture\Nfrom Dystopia Haunted House,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.01,0:07:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Denmark's scariest haunt.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.27,0:07:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see is a couple of visitors
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.99,0:07:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were confronted\Nby a big guy with a machete.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.43,0:07:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's called "Le Chef,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.75,0:07:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can take a guess\Nat what's on the menu here.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.25,0:07:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.39,0:07:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around 5,000 people\Npay for this every Halloween,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.69,0:07:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and around 300 visitors never make it\Nall the way through the haunt.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.13,0:07:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.13,0:07:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have to abort their visit\Nbecause it's too scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.14,0:07:33.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have fainted from fear,\Nand they have wet themselves in terror.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.62,0:07:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do they do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.84,0:07:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do people pay good money
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.18,0:07:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to experience true fear\Nand genuine terror
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.34,0:07:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the people in this picture?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.94,0:07:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do it because they have\Nan evolved appetite
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.51,0:07:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for vicarious experience\Nwith threat scenarios.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.17,0:07:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those scenarios,\Nour horror entertainment,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.92,0:07:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work because they are structured\Nto target the evolved fear system.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.66,0:08:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just consider the monsters\Nthat populate our horror entertainment,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.75,0:08:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from scary folk tales\Nto haunted attractions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.01,0:08:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such monsters are universal\Nin the human imagination,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.07,0:08:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the most horrifying ones\Nreflect ancestral threats.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.02,0:08:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think of the enormous\Nwhite shark from "Jaws."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.68,0:08:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.68,0:08:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Hums "Jaws" theme song)\Ndoo doo; doo doo; doo doo.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.94,0:08:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The threat depicted here is the threat\Nfrom an enormous, man-eating predator.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.03,0:08:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That kind of threat really captures\Nour attention and sparks our imagination
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.04,0:08:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by engaging the evolved fear system.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.23,0:08:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the film itself\Nis pretty unrealistic,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.39,0:08:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that doesn't matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.92,0:08:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Horror monsters don't\Nhave to be realistic to frighten us;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.86,0:08:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have to engage\Nthe evolved fear system.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.39,0:08:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have to have qualities that match\Nor overmatch those of ancestral dangers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.69,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the white shark in "Jaws"\Nhas that in spades.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like an ancestral predator on speed -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.38,0:08:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faster, bigger, stronger,\Nand much more dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.35,0:09:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Media psychologists have documented
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.14,0:09:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how thousands of people\Nwere traumatized by "Jaws."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.20,0:09:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many viewers even became afraid \Nof swimming in pools and freshwater lakes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.81,0:09:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after watching the film.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.82,0:09:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.36,0:09:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consider another well-known\Nand highly unrealistic monster:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.49,0:09:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the zombie.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.72,0:09:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, zombies don't exist\Nin the real world,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.36,0:09:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have no archaeological evidence\Nto suggest that they ever did.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.87,0:09:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But every well-raised child is able\Nto mimic the behavior of a zombie.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.96,0:09:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, their groaning,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.13,0:09:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Zombie groans)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.32,0:09:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the outstretched but limp arms,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.89,0:09:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the classic stumbling walk.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.83,0:09:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The monster has really infected\Nour popular culture in a big way.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.01,0:09:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A zombie is a terrifying concept
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.68,0:09:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it effectively targets\Nthe evolved fear system.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.42,0:09:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the zombie targets\Nthe fear system from two angles
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.24,0:09:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it combines\Nthe threat of predation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.69,0:09:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the threat of contagion.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.84,0:09:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A zombie is a predator -\Nit wants to eat you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.64,0:10:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is also contagious -\Nit will infect you with its disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.29,0:10:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is visibly decomposing,\Ncreeping with rotten pathogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.54,0:10:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, look at the poor creature.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.16,0:10:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.95,0:10:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shoo.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.47,0:10:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.08,0:10:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.58,0:10:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can tell that these horror monsters\Nengage the evolved fear system
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.41,0:10:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the behavioral\Nand physiological effects
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.07,0:10:33.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the good horror film.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.63,0:10:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the goose bumps\Nand the hammering heart and the screams.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.88,0:10:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all evolved defensive reactions.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.56,0:10:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Goose bumps are a relic\Nfrom a distant past,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.84,0:10:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we were covered in fur.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.59,0:10:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goose bumps, or piloerection,\Nwould make our fur stand on end
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.26,0:10:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so make us look bigger\Nto scare off an attacker.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.48,0:10:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cats do the same thing, by the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.09,0:10:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our hearts beat faster\Nto pump blood to the big muscle groups
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.95,0:10:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we're ready for fight or flight.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.64,0:11:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And screams send a signal\Nto other people -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.83,0:11:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a signal for them to help\Nor get the hell away.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.37,0:11:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Horror taps into the evolved fear system,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.97,0:11:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's not all.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.82,0:11:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Horror can help us calibrate that system.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.66,0:11:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like when you take your car\Nto the mechanic for a checkup.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.54,0:11:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mechanic carefully goes through\Nall the vital parts of the car,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.73,0:11:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he or she will make sure
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.07,0:11:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the airbags and the anti-lock\Nbraking system work.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.83,0:11:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hopefully, you'll never need them,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.45,0:11:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you don't want\Nto get into a situation
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.59,0:11:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that requires an airbag to deploy,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.21,0:11:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you certainly want them to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.72,0:11:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Same with the fear system.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.80,0:11:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through exposure to horror,\Nyou give it a test run,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.96,0:11:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make sure it works properly,\Nand keep it nicely tuned.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.21,0:11:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Horror lets us learn\Nwhat it feels like to be truly afraid,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.50,0:11:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it lets us learn\Nhow to handle negative emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.78,0:11:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It lets us maintain\Nand refine coping skills
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.13,0:11:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we may apply in critical\Nsituations in our own lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.38,0:12:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There isn't yet much\Nexperimental research into this,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.93,0:12:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we do have some support\Nfrom psychological science.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.89,0:12:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One study suggests
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.20,0:12:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that hardcore horror fans\Nrequire more extreme stimulation
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.02,0:12:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than do less avid fans,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.80,0:12:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means that the hardcore fans
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.43,0:12:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,build up some resistance\Nto fear-provoking stimuli, with exposure.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.57,0:12:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other research suggests\Nthat by exposing ourselves to horror,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.45,0:12:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we build a sense of mastery,\Nwhich may be transferred to our own lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.86,0:12:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this way, horror can help us find\Nand even expand our limits
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.91,0:12:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for how much negative\Nstimulation we can handle.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.54,0:12:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sure I'd be standing here today
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.58,0:12:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I hadn't forced myself\Nto watch all those horror films
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.25,0:12:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the name of science.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.98,0:12:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sure, my heart is hammering\Nand my palms are a little sweaty,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.11,0:12:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you guys are a lot less scary\Nthan Pennywise the Dancing Clown.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.45,0:12:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.91,0:12:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So horror can help us\Ncalibrate the fear system,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.01,0:12:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and horror can help us\Nrefine our coping skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.31,0:13:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why so many of us\Nare drawn to the genre
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.05,0:13:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if we don't like\Nto watch horror films alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.56,0:13:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next time you are terrified\Nof a novel, a film, a video game,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.33,0:13:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in a haunt,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.72,0:13:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just remember that you are, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.57,0:13:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tapping into and calibrating\Nan ancient biological defense system.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.33,0:13:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Never mind the fear\Nand the screams and the nightmares -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.41,0:13:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's up for a horror film tonight?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.90,0:13:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.96,0:13:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)