[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really don't like to watch horror Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,films alone that stuff is terrifying you Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I'm sure many of you recognize this Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,situation. You put on a horror film, you Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn down the lights, turn up the volume, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sit back. You’re watching as monsters Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come creeping out of the dark in search Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of prey. Your heart goes out to the four Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,characters in the film and you start Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,squirming in your seat as the monsters Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get closer. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your pulse accelerates, your palms get Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sweaty and your hair stands on end. This Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is when you begin to throw nervous Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,glances into the corners of the room. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was that sound? Surely it didn't Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come from the television. Was that Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,movement in the shadows? The horror that's Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the screen bleeds into your system Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and into the surroundings. The world Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around you turns threatening and scary. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You cover your eyes but it doesn't help. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pretty soon you'll have to switch off Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but even though you shut off the film, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your heart keeps hammering and you'll Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably have nightmares tonight. Still Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe you ought to put the film back on. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're kind of curious after all. That's Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my Saturday night in a nutshell. Anybody Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,else ever been in that situation? Of all Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the strange things that humans do Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watching horror films has got to be one Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the strangest. It's also a really Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interesting behavior scientifically Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speaking. As a horror researcher Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've thought about it a lot. Why do we do Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it? Why do we watch horror films and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,read horror novels and play horror Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,video games and why are there so many Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spooky creatures in our worlds of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make-believe? And what is horror? Horror is Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a kind of entertainment that's designed to Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spook people. To make them scream and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shiver with fear and break out in a cold Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sweat. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think Stephen King and Paranormal Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Activity and The Exorcist. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a consistently popular and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,profitable genre. Stephen King has sold Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than 350 million books worldwide. In Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last 20 years in the United States, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,horror films grossed close to 8 billion Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dollars. It's weird it's weird because Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,horror is by definition designed to make Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its audience feel bad. A good horror film Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inspires negative emotion. It makes us Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feel disgust and dread and terror and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anxiety and fear. Let me ask you how many Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of you seek out war films from time to Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time? Show of hands. Please raise your Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hand if you sometimes seek out horror. Okay Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's about half, that matches my own Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research along with some colleagues. I'm Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking into the personality profile of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,horror fans and we're finding that more than Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,half for about 54% answer in the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affirmative in response to the statement: Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I tend to enjoy horror media. Only 29% Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say they don't agree with this statement Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the remaining 17% can't make up Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their mind. You know they're probably the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ones who would die first in a horror Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,film. Next would be the ones who say Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't like horror. Anyway people really Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do tend to like the kind of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entertainment that's designed to make Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them feel bad. Why is that the case and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how does horror even work? Those are the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kinds of questions I've been researching Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here is what I have found out. Horror, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in whatever medium, from films and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literature to video games and virtual Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reality, works by exploiting an ancient Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and evolved set of biological defense Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mechanisms. Let's call it the evolved Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fear system. If we want to understand how Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that system works and why it became part Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of human nature we have to look at the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evolutionary history of our species. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, our evolutionary ancestors found Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,themselves in a world that was full of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,danger. There was the threat from Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,predators and creepy crawlies and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,invisible microorganisms or disease and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the threat from other humans. In response Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to those dangers our ancestors gradually Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evolved a Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fear system that would keep them alert Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and alive. In other words our species Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evolved to be hyper vigilant and highly Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fearful because being hyper vigilant and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,highly fearful kept our ancestors alive Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a dangerous world. The world may now Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be less dangerous than it was in Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ancestral times at least in terms of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,predation. We're not in any immediate Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,danger of being attacked by a Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saber-tooth cat on our way home from Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work, but we are no less vigilant and no Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less fearful Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than our evolutionary ancestors and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,horror entertainment takes advantage of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that aspect of human nature. So horror Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entertainment works by transporting us Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imaginatively into virtual worlds that Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are full of danger. In horror films and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literature we follow and mirror Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protagonists as they confront terrifying Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,threats. Take Stephen King's The Shining Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example, here we follow a family who Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has snowed in at a haunted hotel. In the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,novel's most famous scene the young boy Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Danny goes into room 217. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He walks nervously around the room and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the bathroom where a hotel guest Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,killed herself some years before. The Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hotel is now supposed to be empty of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,guests but to Danny surprise there is Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody in the bathtub or something. To Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Danny's horror it's a corpse. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the corpse of the woman who killed Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,herself. She's lying there bloated and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,purple and with glassy white eyes. She's Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rotting like meat festering in the trash. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then she starts to get up. King provides Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a detailed and really vivid description Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this moving corpse and as readers we Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are forced to hold that image in our Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,minds. That's bad enough but we're also Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given a detailed description of Danny's Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,response to the situation. We learned Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he tries to scream and wets himself. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are made to mirror his fear and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,revulsion and that strengthens our own Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responses to the horrible image. Our fear Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and revulsion become mixed with Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sympathetic anxiety for a character in Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,danger. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a strong emotional cocktail. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interactive and live-action media turn Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the screw on horror entertainment .Or Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,video games for example make you feel as Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're the protagonist in a digital Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're the protagonist in a digital Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attraction visitors walk through scary Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sets populated by scare actors. Here's a Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,picture from dystopia haunted house Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Denmark's scariest haunt. What you see is Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a couple of visitors were confronted by Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a big guy with a machete. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's called the chef and you can take a Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,guess at what's on the menu here. Around Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5,000 people pay for this every Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Halloween and around 300 visitors never Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make it all the way through the haunt. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have to abort their visit because Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's too scary. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have fainted from fear and they Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have wet themselves in terror. Why do Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they do it? Why do people pay good money Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to experience true fear and genuine Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terror like the people in this picture? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do it because they have an evolved Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appetite for vicarious experience with Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,threat scenarios and those scenarios or Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,horror entertainment work because they are Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,structured to target the evolved fear Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,system. Just consider the monsters that Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,populate our horror entertainment from Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scary folk tales to haunted attractions. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such monsters are universal in the human Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagination and the most horrifying ones Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reflect ancestral threats. Just think of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the enormous white shark from Jaws you Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Know. Duh duh duh duh duh duh Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the threat depicted here is the threat Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from an enormous man-eating predator. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That kind of threat really captures our Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attention and sparks our imagination by Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,engaging the evolved fear system. Now the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,film itself is pretty unrealistic but Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't matter. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Horror monsters don't have to be Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,realistic to frighten us they have to Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,engage the evolved fear system. They have Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have qualities that match or over Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,match those of ancestral dangers and the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white shark in Jaws has that in spades. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like an ancestral predator on Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speed. Faster bigger stronger and much Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more dangerous. Media psychologists have Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,documented how thousands of people were Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traumatized by jaws. Many viewers even Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became afraid of swimming in pools and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freshwater lakes after watching the film. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consider another well-known and highly Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unrealistic monster. The zombie now Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,zombies don't exist in the real world Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have no archaeological evidence Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to suggest that they ever did but every Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well-raised child is able to mimic the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behavior of a zombie. You know they're Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,groaning the outstretch the limp arms Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the classic stumbling walk. The Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,monster has really infected our popular Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture in a big way. A zombie is a Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effectively targets the evolved fear Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,system in fact the zombie targets the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fear system from two angles Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it combines the threat of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,predation with the threat of contagion. A Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,zombie is a predator it wants to eat you, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is also contagious it will infect you Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with its disease. It is visibly Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decomposing creeping with rotten Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pathogens. I mean look at the poor Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creature. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Applause] Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can tell that these horror monsters Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,engage the evolved fear system from the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behavioral and physiological effects of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the good horror film. You know the goose Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bumps and the hammering heart and the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,screams. These are all evolved defensive Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reactions goosebumps are a relic from a Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,distant past when we were covered in fur Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and goose bumps or piloerection would Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make our first stand on end and so make Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,us look bigger to scare off an attacker. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cats do the same thing by the way. Our Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hearts beat faster to pump blood to the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,big muscle groups so that we're ready Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for fight or flight and screams send a Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,signal to other people a signal for them Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help or get the hell away. Horror taps Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the evolved fear system but that's Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not all. Horror can help us calibrate that Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,system. It's like when you take your car Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the mechanic for a check-up the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mechanic carefully goes through all the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vital parts of the car and he or she Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will make sure that the airbags and the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anti-lock braking system work. Hopefully Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll never need them because you don't Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want to get into a situation that Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,requires an airbag to deploy but you Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly want them to work. Same with Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fear system. Through exposure to Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,horror you give it a test run make sure Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it works properly and keep it nicely Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tuned. Horror lets us learn what it feels Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like to be truly afraid and it lets us Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn how to handle negative emotions. It Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lets us maintain and refine coping Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skills that we may apply in critical Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,situations in our own lives. There isn't Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet much experimental research into this Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we do have some support from Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,psychological science. One study suggests Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that hardcore horror fans require more