[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.18,0:00:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Instructor] In the next\Nfew videos, we're gonna do
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.64,0:00:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very high-level overview\Nof ancient history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.04,0:00:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're literally going to try\Nto cover 3,000 years of history
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.04,0:00:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a handful of videos.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.31,0:00:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're going to focus on
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.69,0:00:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not all of the history in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.59,0:00:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's worth noting that\Nthere's going to be history
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.72,0:00:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in North and South America\Nthat we're not gonna talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.79,0:00:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this video, history in\NAfrica or parts of Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.68,0:00:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're not going to\Ntalk about in this video,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.22,0:00:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parts of Europe, parts of the Far East,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.63,0:00:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we're gonna focus\Nmainly on the Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.19,0:00:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this yellow line, this is going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.38,0:00:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the historical timeline for ancient Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.47,0:00:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that is Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.55,0:00:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're talking about that\Narea right over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.21,0:00:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This green timeline right over here,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.42,0:00:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could view this as Judea.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.60,0:00:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could also include,\Nwe could include Judea,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.13,0:00:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is where modern-day\NIsrael, Palestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.30,0:00:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we're talking about Lebanon,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.51,0:00:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we could include\NPhoenicia right over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.53,0:00:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I'll just write Judea.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.70,0:00:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Judea.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.10,0:00:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a little hard to read.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.04,0:00:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Judea.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.17,0:01:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This blue and red and\Nwhite line right over here,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.62,0:01:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this will be Mesopotamia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.15,0:01:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this will be Mesopotamia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.06,0:01:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We talk a little bit about\Nthat in another video,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.25,0:01:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the area between or around the\NTigris and Euphrates River,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.99,0:01:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mainly in modern-day Iraq,\Nthat region right over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.94,0:01:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if we say this is\NJudea, this is Mesopotamia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.84,0:01:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we will also touch a\Nlittle bit later on Persia,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.56,0:01:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is that area there.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.38,0:01:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ancient Greece.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.63,0:01:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're gonna talk a little bit\Nabout Rome, about Carthage,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.10,0:01:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a little bit about the Indus Valley,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.39,0:01:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Indus Valley civilizations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.93,0:01:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is in now modern-day Pakistan.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.25,0:01:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, with that geographic bearing,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.34,0:01:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is a line for, I'll\Ncall this the Indus Valley.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.39,0:01:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or Indus Valley, or I could say India.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.68,0:01:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, obviously, India's much more
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.02,0:02:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than just the Indus Valley.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.12,0:02:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even this line over\Nhere, that's China,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.67,0:02:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although I'm not gonna go much\Ninto that into this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.89,0:02:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's start about 5,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.21,0:02:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there were already people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.07,0:02:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all of the regions that I talk about,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.76,0:02:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but where I'm really highlighting
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.02,0:02:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is where you start to have\Nsignificant empires develop.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.79,0:02:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll start in Egypt,\Nwhere you have the Pharaoh,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.00,0:02:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have King Menes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.31,0:02:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's able to unify Upper and Lower Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.67,0:02:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a little counter-intuitive;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.23,0:02:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Upper Egypt is actually\Nsouth of Lower Egypt,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.18,0:02:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's because the Nile\NRiver forms further South
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.03,0:02:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then it flows northward.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.04,0:02:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, he's able to unify\NUpper and Lower Egypt,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.02,0:02:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Upper's off the map here,\Ninto the Egyptian civilization
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.85,0:02:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we often associate\Nwith ancient Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.93,0:02:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is a very, very, very\Nlong-lived civilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.54,0:02:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is right at around the same time
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.54,0:02:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have folks living in\NMesopotamia, you have the Acadians.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.62,0:02:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going into deep history now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.25,0:02:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we don't know exactly what was going on
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.37,0:02:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Indus Valley,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.65,0:03:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we believe that there\Nwere people there as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.43,0:03:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there were people\Nmany, many other places.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.60,0:03:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, let's fast-forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.10,0:03:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're gonna go about 500 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.51,0:03:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we associate ancient\NEgypt with the pyramids,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.19,0:03:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, relatively speaking,\Nthe pyramids were built
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.66,0:03:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fairly early in the\Nhistory of ancient Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.64,0:03:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were built about 2500 BCE,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.86,0:03:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or so we're talking about\N4,500-4,600 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.77,0:03:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the time that,\Nespecially the most famous,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.03,0:03:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Great Pyramid of Giza was built.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.99,0:03:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, let's fast-forward even more.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.76,0:03:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this narrative\Nthat I'm gonna talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.27,0:03:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this video, I'm going to\Nintroduce some characters
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.22,0:03:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Old Testament.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.58,0:03:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a lotta the stories\Nfrom the Old Testament,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.27,0:03:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have bases in\Nhistory, but some of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.82,0:03:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the historical evidence isn't as clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.80,0:03:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm gonna include it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.03,0:03:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's so much a\Npart of Judeo-Christian,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.85,0:03:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Islamic, Western, and\Nnot just Western culture
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.59,0:03:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I think it gives us\Nan interesting bearing
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.44,0:04:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, frankly, a lotta the\Nstories from the Old Testament
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.87,0:04:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are just really fascinating stories.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.19,0:04:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now, let's fast-forward to 1700 BCE.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.25,0:04:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though that seems like\Na very, very long time ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.03,0:04:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was, it's nice to get our bearings.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.80,0:04:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because in 1700 BCE, and we're\Ngonna talk about Hammurabi,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.32,0:04:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who lived in, who ruled over\NBabylon, the Babylonian Empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.14,0:04:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Hammurabi right over here in Babylon,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.85,0:04:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,famous for the Code of Hammurabi.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.25,0:04:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He codified a series of laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.41,0:04:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We believe Abraham grew up at\Naround the same time in Ur.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.26,0:04:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Abraham, we believe\Nthat he was coincident
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.68,0:04:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe came a little bit after Hammurabi
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.94,0:04:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because a lotta the Old Testament
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.28,0:04:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems to at least be inspired
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.60,0:04:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by some of what we see\Nin Hammurabi's Code.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.63,0:04:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's worth noting that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.73,0:04:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though this seems\Nlike a long time ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.52,0:04:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around 1700 BCE, the time of Hammurabi,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.21,0:04:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it turns a little white here
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.35,0:05:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'cause this is where the Babylonians
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.15,0:05:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,become one of the dominant\Nempires in Mesopotamia,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.19,0:05:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though it seems like a long time ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.54,0:05:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's worth noting that\Nin the time of Hammurabi
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.85,0:05:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the time of Abraham,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.14,0:05:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pyramids were already close\Nto, what, 700-800 years old.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.07,0:05:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they already would've\Nviewed the pyramids
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.45,0:05:21.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a very, very old thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.85,0:05:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we go with roughly the year 1700
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.72,0:05:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for about the time of Abraham,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.79,0:05:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he goes to what becomes Judea
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.74,0:05:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his tribe becomes established there
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.92,0:05:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then ends up, that's\Nwhere I have this line
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.21,0:05:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going from Mesopotamia to Judea,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.76,0:05:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we kinda see the\Nestablished Judea here.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.60,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once again, they're\Nnot the first people there.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.00,0:05:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You had the Canaanites,\Nyou had the Phoenicians,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.58,0:05:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you had many other folks in this region,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.25,0:05:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this is interesting because it relates
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.01,0:05:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Old Testament that\Nmany folks are familiar with.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.72,0:06:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you have the Old,\Nso this is around 1700.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.32,0:06:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me write this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.15,0:06:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is 1700 BCE.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.97,0:06:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once again, I'll put approximately.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.05,0:06:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you go a few hundred years
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.86,0:06:11.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there isn't a lot of\Nhistorical basis here,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.99,0:06:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but based on the Old\NTestament, the story of Joseph,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.14,0:06:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joseph going to Egypt\Nand becoming the vizier
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.72,0:06:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the Pharaoh and\Nthen his family coming,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.56,0:06:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joseph, who is Abraham's grandson,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.75,0:06:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to the Old Testament,\Nthat story happens around,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.72,0:06:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and once again, this is not\Nestablished well historically
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.32,0:06:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I encourage you to look up
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.62,0:06:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see if you can find evidence yourself
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.57,0:06:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of when folks think this\Nis, but the best evidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.65,0:06:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if this happened, the\Nbest evidence I've seen
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.88,0:06:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it's around 1500\NBCE, the story of Joseph
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.24,0:06:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the migration of the Jewish people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.69,0:06:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a significant chunk\Nof the Jewish people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.32,0:06:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Egypt, where they get enslaved.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.48,0:06:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that enslavement is from 1500,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.96,0:06:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they get enslaved by the Pharaoh, 1500,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.60,0:07:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to approximately 1200 BCE.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.75,0:07:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, that story, you go all the way
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.39,0:07:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Abraham through Joseph,\Nthis is in the Old Testament,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.40,0:07:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this happens in Genesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.40,0:07:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we get to the story of Moses,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.03,0:07:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he sets his people\Nfree, the story of Exodus
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.34,0:07:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Jews are able\Nto go back to Jerusalem.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.97,0:07:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moses leads them, parts the Red Sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.90,0:07:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to the Old Testament,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.100,0:07:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there established\Nthe kingdom of Jerusalem
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.08,0:07:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you have the famous kings,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.48,0:07:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,King Saul, then King\NDavid, then King Solomon;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.60,0:07:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Solomon, who famous for\Nbuilding the first temple.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.79,0:07:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, since I'm already\Nclose to the 10-minute mark,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.31,0:07:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll leave you there,\Nbecause we've already covered
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.77,0:07:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 2,000 years of history (laughs)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.41,0:07:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in about eight minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.82,0:07:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the next video, we're\Ngonna go from about 1,000 BCE
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.77,0:07:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Roman Empire\Nand the birth of Jesus.