0:00:00.178,0:00:01.638 - [Instructor] In the next[br]few videos, we're gonna do 0:00:01.638,0:00:05.038 a very high-level overview[br]of ancient history. 0:00:05.038,0:00:08.038 We're literally going to try[br]to cover 3,000 years of history 0:00:08.038,0:00:10.306 in a handful of videos. 0:00:10.306,0:00:11.687 And we're going to focus on 0:00:11.687,0:00:13.591 not all of the history in the world, 0:00:13.591,0:00:15.718 and it's worth noting that[br]there's going to be history 0:00:15.718,0:00:18.789 in North and South America[br]that we're not gonna talk about 0:00:18.789,0:00:21.675 in this video, history in[br]Africa or parts of Africa 0:00:21.675,0:00:23.224 that we're not going to[br]talk about in this video, 0:00:23.224,0:00:25.633 parts of Europe, parts of the Far East, 0:00:25.633,0:00:28.193 but we're gonna focus[br]mainly on the Middle East. 0:00:28.193,0:00:30.384 So, this yellow line, this is going to be 0:00:30.384,0:00:34.473 the historical timeline for ancient Egypt. 0:00:34.473,0:00:36.553 So, that is Egypt. 0:00:36.553,0:00:40.206 We're talking about that[br]area right over there. 0:00:40.206,0:00:42.422 This green timeline right over here, 0:00:42.422,0:00:44.604 you could view this as Judea. 0:00:44.604,0:00:47.127 We could also include,[br]we could include Judea, 0:00:47.127,0:00:50.295 which is where modern-day[br]Israel, Palestine. 0:00:50.295,0:00:51.508 If we're talking about Lebanon, 0:00:51.508,0:00:53.526 then we could include[br]Phoenicia right over there. 0:00:53.526,0:00:55.701 So, I'll just write Judea. 0:00:55.701,0:00:57.099 Judea. 0:00:57.099,0:00:59.045 That's a little hard to read. 0:00:59.045,0:00:59.878 Judea. 0:01:02.172,0:01:04.625 This blue and red and[br]white line right over here, 0:01:04.625,0:01:07.151 this will be Mesopotamia. 0:01:07.151,0:01:10.064 So, this will be Mesopotamia. 0:01:10.064,0:01:12.254 We talk a little bit about[br]that in another video, 0:01:12.254,0:01:15.989 the area between or around the[br]Tigris and Euphrates River, 0:01:15.989,0:01:19.942 mainly in modern-day Iraq,[br]that region right over there. 0:01:19.942,0:01:24.838 So, if we say this is[br]Judea, this is Mesopotamia. 0:01:24.838,0:01:28.564 And we will also touch a[br]little bit later on Persia, 0:01:28.564,0:01:30.385 which is that area there. 0:01:30.385,0:01:32.631 The ancient Greece. 0:01:32.631,0:01:36.098 We're gonna talk a little bit[br]about Rome, about Carthage, 0:01:36.098,0:01:39.388 and a little bit about the Indus Valley, 0:01:39.388,0:01:41.926 the Indus Valley civilizations, 0:01:41.926,0:01:45.248 which is in now modern-day Pakistan. 0:01:45.248,0:01:47.335 So, with that geographic bearing, 0:01:47.335,0:01:51.502 and this is a line for, I'll[br]call this the Indus Valley. 0:01:52.393,0:01:55.560 Or Indus Valley, or I could say India. 0:01:56.678,0:01:59.024 And, obviously, India's much more 0:01:59.024,0:02:00.116 than just the Indus Valley. 0:02:00.116,0:02:01.668 And even this line over[br]here, that's China, 0:02:01.668,0:02:04.886 although I'm not gonna go much[br]into that into this video. 0:02:04.886,0:02:08.053 So, let's start about 5,000 years ago. 0:02:09.208,0:02:11.068 And there were already people 0:02:11.068,0:02:12.755 in all of the regions that I talk about, 0:02:12.755,0:02:14.024 but where I'm really highlighting 0:02:14.024,0:02:17.791 is where you start to have[br]significant empires develop. 0:02:17.791,0:02:21.002 And I'll start in Egypt,[br]where you have the Pharaoh, 0:02:21.002,0:02:22.307 you have King Menes. 0:02:22.307,0:02:24.667 He's able to unify Upper and Lower Egypt. 0:02:24.667,0:02:26.229 And it's a little counter-intuitive; 0:02:26.229,0:02:29.182 Upper Egypt is actually[br]south of Lower Egypt, 0:02:29.182,0:02:32.028 and that's because the Nile[br]River forms further South 0:02:32.028,0:02:34.045 and then it flows northward. 0:02:34.045,0:02:38.024 And so, he's able to unify[br]Upper and Lower Egypt, 0:02:38.024,0:02:42.847 Upper's off the map here,[br]into the Egyptian civilization 0:02:42.847,0:02:44.931 that we often associate[br]with ancient Egypt. 0:02:44.931,0:02:48.538 And it is a very, very, very[br]long-lived civilization. 0:02:48.538,0:02:50.537 And this is right at around the same time 0:02:50.537,0:02:54.621 you have folks living in[br]Mesopotamia, you have the Acadians. 0:02:54.621,0:02:56.248 We're going into deep history now, 0:02:56.248,0:02:58.370 so we don't know exactly what was going on 0:02:58.370,0:02:59.651 in the Indus Valley, 0:02:59.651,0:03:01.430 but we believe that there[br]were people there as well, 0:03:01.430,0:03:03.603 and there were people[br]many, many other places. 0:03:03.603,0:03:05.099 But now, let's fast-forward. 0:03:05.099,0:03:07.511 We're gonna go about 500 years. 0:03:07.511,0:03:11.193 And we associate ancient[br]Egypt with the pyramids, 0:03:11.193,0:03:13.658 and, relatively speaking,[br]the pyramids were built 0:03:13.658,0:03:17.641 fairly early in the[br]history of ancient Egypt. 0:03:17.641,0:03:20.224 They were built about 2500 BCE, 0:03:21.862,0:03:25.779 or so we're talking about[br]4,500-4,600 years ago 0:03:26.770,0:03:29.029 was the time that,[br]especially the most famous, 0:03:29.029,0:03:31.992 the Great Pyramid of Giza was built. 0:03:31.992,0:03:34.764 But now, let's fast-forward even more. 0:03:34.764,0:03:37.266 And in this narrative[br]that I'm gonna talk about 0:03:37.266,0:03:40.223 in this video, I'm going to[br]introduce some characters 0:03:40.223,0:03:41.577 from the Old Testament. 0:03:41.577,0:03:43.268 And a lotta the stories[br]from the Old Testament, 0:03:43.268,0:03:45.817 they have bases in[br]history, but some of them, 0:03:45.817,0:03:47.802 the historical evidence isn't as clear. 0:03:47.802,0:03:49.034 But I'm gonna include it 0:03:49.034,0:03:52.852 because it's so much a[br]part of Judeo-Christian, 0:03:52.852,0:03:56.594 Islamic, Western, and[br]not just Western culture 0:03:56.594,0:03:58.440 that I think it gives us[br]an interesting bearing 0:03:58.440,0:04:00.867 and, frankly, a lotta the[br]stories from the Old Testament 0:04:00.867,0:04:03.188 are just really fascinating stories. 0:04:03.188,0:04:07.248 So now, let's fast-forward to 1700 BCE. 0:04:07.248,0:04:10.033 And even though that seems like[br]a very, very long time ago, 0:04:10.033,0:04:12.798 and it was, it's nice to get our bearings. 0:04:12.798,0:04:17.319 Because in 1700 BCE, and we're[br]gonna talk about Hammurabi, 0:04:17.319,0:04:22.145 who lived in, who ruled over[br]Babylon, the Babylonian Empire. 0:04:22.145,0:04:25.562 So, Hammurabi right over here in Babylon, 0:04:27.848,0:04:30.253 famous for the Code of Hammurabi. 0:04:30.253,0:04:33.408 He codified a series of laws. 0:04:33.408,0:04:38.265 We believe Abraham grew up at[br]around the same time in Ur. 0:04:38.265,0:04:42.683 And Abraham, we believe[br]that he was coincident 0:04:42.683,0:04:44.940 or maybe came a little bit after Hammurabi 0:04:44.940,0:04:46.285 because a lotta the Old Testament 0:04:46.285,0:04:48.600 seems to at least be inspired 0:04:48.600,0:04:51.627 by some of what we see[br]in Hammurabi's Code. 0:04:51.627,0:04:52.731 And it's worth noting that 0:04:52.731,0:04:54.518 even though this seems[br]like a long time ago, 0:04:54.518,0:04:58.207 around 1700 BCE, the time of Hammurabi, 0:04:58.207,0:04:59.350 and it turns a little white here 0:04:59.350,0:05:01.149 'cause this is where the Babylonians 0:05:01.149,0:05:05.316 become one of the dominant[br]empires in Mesopotamia, 0:05:06.194,0:05:07.541 even though it seems like a long time ago, 0:05:07.541,0:05:09.848 it's worth noting that[br]in the time of Hammurabi 0:05:09.848,0:05:12.140 and in the time of Abraham, 0:05:12.140,0:05:17.072 the pyramids were already close[br]to, what, 700-800 years old. 0:05:17.072,0:05:19.454 So, they already would've[br]viewed the pyramids 0:05:19.454,0:05:21.848 as a very, very old thing. 0:05:21.848,0:05:25.721 But if we go with roughly the year 1700 0:05:25.721,0:05:27.793 for about the time of Abraham, 0:05:27.793,0:05:30.210 he goes to what becomes Judea 0:05:32.741,0:05:35.991 and his tribe becomes established there 0:05:36.922,0:05:39.208 and then ends up, that's[br]where I have this line 0:05:39.208,0:05:41.875 going from Mesopotamia to Judea, 0:05:43.758,0:05:46.595 and we kinda see the[br]established Judea here. 0:05:46.595,0:05:48.005 And once again, they're[br]not the first people there. 0:05:48.005,0:05:49.577 You had the Canaanites,[br]you had the Phoenicians, 0:05:49.577,0:05:52.253 you had many other folks in this region, 0:05:52.253,0:05:54.011 but this is interesting because it relates 0:05:54.011,0:05:57.718 to the Old Testament that[br]many folks are familiar with. 0:05:57.718,0:06:00.321 And then you have the Old,[br]so this is around 1700. 0:06:00.321,0:06:01.154 Let me write this. 0:06:01.154,0:06:02.571 This is 1700 BCE. 0:06:03.967,0:06:07.052 And once again, I'll put approximately. 0:06:07.052,0:06:08.861 And then you go a few hundred years 0:06:08.861,0:06:11.991 and there isn't a lot of[br]historical basis here, 0:06:11.991,0:06:15.143 but based on the Old[br]Testament, the story of Joseph, 0:06:15.143,0:06:17.722 Joseph going to Egypt[br]and becoming the vizier 0:06:17.722,0:06:20.565 for the Pharaoh and[br]then his family coming, 0:06:20.565,0:06:22.749 Joseph, who is Abraham's grandson, 0:06:22.749,0:06:26.916 according to the Old Testament,[br]that story happens around, 0:06:28.717,0:06:31.321 and once again, this is not[br]established well historically 0:06:31.321,0:06:32.616 and I encourage you to look up 0:06:32.616,0:06:34.570 and see if you can find evidence yourself 0:06:34.570,0:06:38.737 of when folks think this[br]is, but the best evidence, 0:06:39.654,0:06:41.885 if this happened, the[br]best evidence I've seen 0:06:41.885,0:06:46.245 is it's around 1500[br]BCE, the story of Joseph 0:06:46.245,0:06:48.694 and the migration of the Jewish people, 0:06:48.694,0:06:50.322 or a significant chunk[br]of the Jewish people, 0:06:50.322,0:06:53.477 to Egypt, where they get enslaved. 0:06:53.477,0:06:55.964 And that enslavement is from 1500, 0:06:55.964,0:06:58.605 they get enslaved by the Pharaoh, 1500, 0:06:58.605,0:07:00.772 to approximately 1200 BCE. 0:07:02.748,0:07:04.389 And so, that story, you go all the way 0:07:04.389,0:07:08.556 from Abraham through Joseph,[br]this is in the Old Testament, 0:07:09.402,0:07:11.401 this happens in Genesis, 0:07:11.401,0:07:13.032 and then we get to the story of Moses, 0:07:13.032,0:07:16.342 where he sets his people[br]free, the story of Exodus 0:07:16.342,0:07:20.969 and the Jews are able[br]to go back to Jerusalem. 0:07:20.969,0:07:22.896 Moses leads them, parts the Red Sea, 0:07:22.896,0:07:24.995 according to the Old Testament, 0:07:24.995,0:07:28.076 and there established[br]the kingdom of Jerusalem 0:07:28.076,0:07:29.483 where you have the famous kings, 0:07:29.483,0:07:32.600 King Saul, then King[br]David, then King Solomon; 0:07:32.600,0:07:36.790 Solomon, who famous for[br]building the first temple. 0:07:36.790,0:07:39.306 And now, since I'm already[br]close to the 10-minute mark, 0:07:39.306,0:07:41.767 I'll leave you there,[br]because we've already covered 0:07:41.767,0:07:44.414 about 2,000 years of history (laughs) 0:07:44.414,0:07:45.825 in about eight minutes. 0:07:45.825,0:07:50.767 In the next video, we're[br]gonna go from about 1,000 BCE 0:07:50.767,0:07:54.350 to the Roman Empire[br]and the birth of Jesus.