WEBVTT 00:00:00.423 --> 00:00:05.309 舊年我住喺一個印度本地人屋企 00:00:06.547 --> 00:00:08.228 有一個晏晝 00:00:08.252 --> 00:00:10.680 佢哋嘅細仔食緊飯 00:00:10.704 --> 00:00:15.694 一見到我,就將佢嘅咖喱收喺背後 00:00:16.694 --> 00:00:20.994 說服咗佢好耐先佢畀我睇佢食緊咩 00:00:21.994 --> 00:00:25.345 原來係蛾嘅幼蟲 00:00:25.369 --> 00:00:28.748 一種馬迪亞當地人嘅傳統美食 00:00:29.364 --> 00:00:30.575 我喊住話: 00:00:30.599 --> 00:00:33.067 「我呀,你食緊呢啲嘢! 00:00:33.091 --> 00:00:35.421 希望你有剩返啲畀我食啦。」 00:00:36.466 --> 00:00:38.928 然後我見到個男仔難以置信嘅眼神 NOTE Paragraph 00:00:38.952 --> 00:00:40.833 「你…要食呢啲?」 NOTE Paragraph 00:00:42.388 --> 00:00:45.338 我答:「我超鍾意食。」 NOTE Paragraph 00:00:46.513 --> 00:00:49.846 我睇得出佢完全唔信我 00:00:50.678 --> 00:00:53.243 一個城市嚟又受過教育嘅女人 00:00:53.243 --> 00:00:56.167 點會同佢鍾意食同樣嘅嘢? NOTE Paragraph 00:00:56.562 --> 00:01:00.277 後來,我同佢爸爸討論呢個話題 00:01:00.301 --> 00:01:03.388 原來係一件極敏感嘅事嚟 00:01:04.793 --> 00:01:06.831 佢講咗顃似嘅嘢: 00:01:06.855 --> 00:01:10.190 「哦。得呢個仔鍾意食蛾嘅幼蟲, 00:01:10.214 --> 00:01:13.084 我哋同佢講咪再食啦,唔好㗎 00:01:13.108 --> 00:01:14.978 但你都見啦,佢唔聽我哋講 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:14.980 --> 00:01:18.730 我哋冇食好耐啦。」 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:19.763 --> 00:01:21.831 我問佢哋:「點解呀? 00:01:22.752 --> 00:01:25.126 係你哋嘅傳統食物嚟。 00:01:26.108 --> 00:01:28.700 喺你哋嘅生活環境搵到 00:01:28.724 --> 00:01:30.170 好有營養價值 00:01:30.194 --> 00:01:32.898 而且—我保證—好好食 00:01:33.584 --> 00:01:35.554 食佢有咩問題?」 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:36.768 --> 00:01:38.437 然後佢爸爸冇出聲 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:39.360 --> 00:01:40.529 我問佢: NOTE Paragraph 00:01:40.998 --> 00:01:45.343 「係咪有人同你講過你啲食物唔好 00:01:45.367 --> 00:01:48.472 係退化嘅 00:01:48.496 --> 00:01:49.984 冇文化嘅?」 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:51.960 --> 00:01:53.683 他沉默咁點頭 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:55.069 --> 00:02:01.209 呢次只係我同無數印度當地人做嘢時 00:02:01.233 --> 00:02:03.537 見證到佢哋以食物為恥嘅其中一次 00:02:04.545 --> 00:02:08.171 食你鍾意嘅食物 00:02:08.195 --> 00:02:11.372 世世代代都一直食緊嘅食物 00:02:11.396 --> 00:02:13.416 係低級嘅 00:02:13.440 --> 00:02:14.813 甚至係低人一等嘅 00:02:16.008 --> 00:02:21.152 而且呢種羞恥感唔單止係講 一啲冷門、嘔心嘅食物 00:02:21.176 --> 00:02:23.997 可能係,例如昆蟲、老鼠 00:02:24.021 --> 00:02:27.203 仲擴展到去正常食物: 00:02:27.227 --> 00:02:29.219 白色蔬菜 00:02:29.243 --> 00:02:32.035 菌類,花— 00:02:32.059 --> 00:02:36.403 基本上就係所有野生 而唔係農民種植嘅食物 NOTE Paragraph 00:02:37.172 --> 00:02:40.708 呢種以食物為恥嘅現象 喺印度當地普遍存在 00:02:41.946 --> 00:02:43.700 任何因素都可能引起呢種羞恥感 00:02:44.308 --> 00:02:49.194 指派上流社會嘅素食校長去一間學校 00:02:49.218 --> 00:02:53.666 啲學生唔洗幾個星期, 就同父母講食蟹好核突呀 00:02:53.690 --> 00:02:55.364 或者食肉會有罪惡感 00:02:56.202 --> 00:03:00.272 政府提供鬆軟白飯嘅營養計劃 00:03:00.296 --> 00:03:03.392 就令到宜家冇人想食紅米或者小米 00:03:03.984 --> 00:03:08.798 一個非貿利組織嚟到呢個小鎮 為孕婦能提供理想嘅膳食搭配 00:03:09.344 --> 00:03:10.640 就係咁 00:03:10.664 --> 00:03:13.015 全部孕婦都好傷心 00:03:13.039 --> 00:03:15.581 因為佢哋買唔起蘋果同法式薄餅 00:03:16.009 --> 00:03:19.219 而大家似乎都唔記得咗 00:03:19.243 --> 00:03:21.492 啲水果其實係森林地下就執到 00:03:22.611 --> 00:03:23.999 醫療人員 00:03:25.086 --> 00:03:27.206 傳教士 00:03:27.230 --> 00:03:29.668 政府官員 00:03:29.692 --> 00:03:32.664 或者係佢哋受過教育嘅子女 00:03:32.688 --> 00:03:37.264 都係大大聲同啲本地人講 00:03:37.288 --> 00:03:40.562 佢哋嘅食物唔夠好 00:03:40.586 --> 00:03:42.238 唔夠文明 00:03:43.480 --> 00:03:46.024 所以呢啲食物就一啲一啲咁 00:03:46.972 --> 00:03:48.519 逐漸消失 NOTE Paragraph 00:03:49.836 --> 00:03:54.185 我好奇你哋有冇認真諗過 00:03:54.209 --> 00:03:57.754 你社交圈子嘅人有冇類似嘅經歷 00:03:59.468 --> 00:04:02.671 如果當你同 90 歲嘅婆婆傾計 00:04:03.587 --> 00:04:07.493 佢會唔會講起啲 你從未見過或聽過嘅食物 00:04:08.631 --> 00:04:11.390 你有冇發現有幾多你哋食開嘅食物 00:04:11.414 --> 00:04:13.280 已經再搵唔返啦 NOTE Paragraph 00:04:14.652 --> 00:04:16.488 當地專家同我講 00:04:16.512 --> 00:04:22.374 南非宜家嘅食物經濟鏈 完全依靠進口食物 00:04:23.493 --> 00:04:25.637 栗米成為咗主食 NOTE Paragraph 00:04:25.657 --> 00:04:32.264 然而本土嘅高粱,小米, 球莖同塊莖類食物都消失哂 00:04:32.404 --> 00:04:36.571 當大家食緊薯仔、洋葱、 椰菜同紅蘿蔔嘅時候 NOTE Paragraph 00:04:36.571 --> 00:04:39.328 野生豆類同蔬菜都一樣消失哂 00:04:39.916 --> 00:04:40.916 喺我嘅國家 00:04:41.796 --> 00:04:42.986 呢啲食物損失極為龐大 00:04:45.077 --> 00:04:49.144 現代印度充住大米、小麥 00:04:49.168 --> 00:04:51.352 同糖尿病 00:04:52.220 --> 00:04:57.189 而且我哋完全唔記得一啲食物 例如各式各樣嘅塊莖類 00:04:57.189 --> 00:05:01.024 樹液、魚、貝類 00:05:01.284 --> 00:05:03.176 油籽、 00:05:03.224 --> 00:05:07.309 蚌類、菌類、昆蟲 00:05:07.309 --> 00:05:10.436 小型、未瀕危動物肉類 00:05:10.460 --> 00:05:14.629 呢一切曾經都係唾手可得 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:15.804 --> 00:05:17.645 到底宜家呢啲食物去哂邊? 00:05:18.630 --> 00:05:21.719 點解現代社會食物種類咁少? NOTE Paragraph 00:05:22.895 --> 00:05:29.044 我哋可以講吓 複雜嘅政治經濟同生態原因 00:05:29.068 --> 00:05:33.349 但我今日想講嘅係 呢種令人覺得羞恥嘅現象 00:05:34.590 --> 00:05:38.315 因為羞恥先係 00:05:38.339 --> 00:05:42.438 你碟上面食物消失嘅致命點 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:43.444 --> 00:05:44.900 羞恥會做啲咩? 00:05:45.845 --> 00:05:48.512 羞恥令你感到渺小 00:05:48.536 --> 00:05:50.071 失落 00:05:50.095 --> 00:05:51.317 冇價值 00:05:51.341 --> 00:05:52.715 次人一等 00:05:53.543 --> 00:05:57.549 羞恥可以創造一種認知失調 00:05:58.115 --> 00:05:59.906 可以歪曲食物故事 NOTE Paragraph 00:06:00.963 --> 00:06:02.676 我可以舉個例子 00:06:03.549 --> 00:06:05.793 你想唔想要一種 00:06:06.742 --> 00:06:08.945 奇妙又多功能嘅主食 00:06:09.817 --> 00:06:13.113 係喺你身邊隨處可見嘅? 00:06:13.137 --> 00:06:15.298 你只需要過去收集佢 00:06:15.322 --> 00:06:17.695 風乾,收好 00:06:17.719 --> 00:06:20.093 然後你就可以成年都擁有啦 00:06:20.117 --> 00:06:24.033 可以用佢嚟做無數道你鍾意嘅菜式 00:06:24.701 --> 00:06:28.516 印度就曾經有呢種食物叫做馬胡卡 00:06:28.540 --> 00:06:29.981 就係呢種花 00:06:30.989 --> 00:06:34.895 過去三年我一直搵緊呢種食物 00:06:35.651 --> 00:06:40.230 係當地傳統同科學知識記載嘅 00:06:40.254 --> 00:06:42.130 富有極高營養價值嘅食物 00:06:42.910 --> 00:06:45.170 佢以前係當地人 00:06:45.170 --> 00:06:49.357 一年嘅四至六個月嘅主食 00:06:50.739 --> 00:06:54.465 佢好多方面 都似你哋嘅馬魯拉果(marula) 00:06:54.465 --> 00:06:57.295 只係佢係花,而唔係水果 00:06:58.236 --> 00:07:00.169 喺豐盛嘅森林入面 00:07:00.193 --> 00:07:03.548 大家仍然可以收獲到成年嘅糧食 00:07:03.572 --> 00:07:05.441 而且仲有淨可以拎去賣 NOTE Paragraph 00:07:06.292 --> 00:07:11.273 我搵到 35 種唔同嘅馬胡卡菜式 00:07:11.297 --> 00:07:13.971 宜家已經冇人會再煮 00:07:15.225 --> 00:07:19.860 佢甚至唔再比人視為食物 00:07:19.884 --> 00:07:22.036 而只係一種釀酒原料 00:07:23.162 --> 00:07:25.830 只係屋企藏有呢種食物 就已經可以拉你 00:07:26.417 --> 00:07:28.597 點解? 因為羞恥 00:07:29.211 --> 00:07:32.646 我問過所有印度當地人 00:07:32.670 --> 00:07:35.211 點解冇人再吃馬胡卡 00:07:35.701 --> 00:07:38.173 都係得到一模一樣嘅答案 00:07:39.237 --> 00:07:42.484 「哦,以前係因為又窮又餓先食啫 00:07:43.405 --> 00:07:45.224 宜家做乜要食? 00:07:45.248 --> 00:07:47.375 都有大米同小麥啦。」 00:07:48.574 --> 00:07:50.869 與此同時 00:07:50.893 --> 00:07:54.111 佢哋都話我知馬胡卡幾有營養價值 00:07:54.835 --> 00:07:58.500 實會聽到老人家食馬胡卡嘅故事 00:07:59.222 --> 00:08:03.186 「我哋婆婆有 10 個細路 00:08:03.210 --> 00:08:07.543 佢以前做嘢好辛苦 但從未試過攰或者病。」 00:08:08.896 --> 00:08:13.584 周圍都聽到呢兩個一樣嘅故事 00:08:14.634 --> 00:08:15.865 點解? 00:08:16.442 --> 00:08:18.648 點解同一樣食物 00:08:18.672 --> 00:08:20.644 喺差唔多同一句嘢到 00:08:20.644 --> 00:08:25.706 同時畀人認為富有營養價值 又象征住貧窮? NOTE Paragraph 00:08:26.822 --> 00:08:28.906 森林嘅食物都一樣 00:08:29.653 --> 00:08:32.612 我聽過一個又一個 00:08:32.636 --> 00:08:35.528 關於饑荒同挨餓令人心碎嘅故事 00:08:35.552 --> 00:08:39.376 大家要靠食森林搵到嘅垃圾為生 00:08:40.235 --> 00:08:42.001 因為冇嘢食 00:08:43.207 --> 00:08:45.272 如果我再深究少少 00:08:45.296 --> 00:08:49.029 原來唔係冇食物 00:08:49.053 --> 00:08:51.586 而係冇好似米一樣咁體面嘅食物 00:08:52.396 --> 00:08:54.061 我問佢哋 00:08:54.085 --> 00:08:57.838 你哋點知道 呢啲所謂嘅垃圾係食得? 00:08:59.141 --> 00:09:03.878 邊個同你講呢啲咁苦嘅塊莖 00:09:03.902 --> 00:09:06.213 放喺溪入面一晚就會變甜? 00:09:07.380 --> 00:09:10.395 或者點識拎蝸牛殼入面嘅肉? 00:09:10.419 --> 00:09:12.869 又點識設置陷阱捉老鼠?」 00:09:14.085 --> 00:09:17.327 呢個時候佢哋就開始抓頭 00:09:17.351 --> 00:09:20.487 然後就意識到係長輩教過佢哋 00:09:21.347 --> 00:09:27.265 佢哋嘅祖先係食米之前 00:09:27.289 --> 00:09:29.470 呢啲嘢食已經興盛咗幾個世紀 00:09:29.494 --> 00:09:32.529 而佢哋仲健康過宜家呢個世代好多 NOTE Paragraph 00:09:34.029 --> 00:09:36.318 呢啲就係食物嘅作用 00:09:37.898 --> 00:09:39.467 呢啲就係羞恥嘅作用: 00:09:39.491 --> 00:09:44.257 令食物同食物傳統 係大家嘅生活同記憶中消失 00:09:44.317 --> 00:09:48.011 甚至佢哋都唔覺嘅情況下 NOTE Paragraph 00:09:49.971 --> 00:09:52.914 咁我哋點逆轉呢種趨勢呢? 00:09:53.847 --> 00:09:59.882 點樣重拾返我哋 美麗又複雜嘅自然食物系統 00:10:01.017 --> 00:10:05.818 呢啲食物係地球媽媽有愛咁 用佢自己嘅節奏咁賜予我哋 00:10:06.718 --> 00:10:10.864 由我哋先祖媽媽用喜悅準備嘅 00:10:10.888 --> 00:10:13.768 再由我哋先祖爸爸滿懷感激咁食 00:10:14.786 --> 00:10:19.487 又健康、土生土長、自然、 00:10:19.511 --> 00:10:22.311 多樣、好味、 00:10:22.335 --> 00:10:25.312 唔需要耕種 00:10:25.336 --> 00:10:27.477 唔會破壞我哋生態系統 00:10:27.501 --> 00:10:29.106 唔需要任何代價嘅食物 00:10:30.360 --> 00:10:32.210 我哋都需要呢啲食物 00:10:32.234 --> 00:10:35.338 我諗唔洗講你哋都知點解 00:10:36.489 --> 00:10:40.093 我唔需要同你哋講健康危機、 00:10:40.117 --> 00:10:42.659 氣候變化、水源危機、 00:10:42.683 --> 00:10:44.023 土壤退化、 00:10:44.047 --> 00:10:46.039 農業系統崩潰、 00:10:46.063 --> 00:10:47.218 所有呢啲危機 00:10:48.040 --> 00:10:52.333 但對我嚟講同樣咁重要嘅原因 00:10:52.357 --> 00:10:54.139 係我身同感受嘅原因 00:10:55.059 --> 00:10:57.652 因為食物代表好多嘢 00:10:58.355 --> 00:11:02.072 食物係營養、舒適感 00:11:02.096 --> 00:11:04.861 創造力、凝聚力、 00:11:04.885 --> 00:11:08.610 愉悅、安全、身份 00:11:08.634 --> 00:11:09.992 仲有更多更多 NOTE Paragraph 00:11:10.708 --> 00:11:13.097 咁我哋點同食物連繫 00:11:13.121 --> 00:11:15.189 定義咗我哋嘅生命好多面 00:11:15.745 --> 00:11:18.280 定義咗我哋點同身體連繫 00:11:19.027 --> 00:11:21.391 因為我哋身體終究都係由食物組成 00:11:22.192 --> 00:11:27.799 定義咗我哋存在嘅基本連繫感知 00:11:28.464 --> 00:11:31.501 今日係我哋最需要呢啲食物嘅時候 00:11:31.525 --> 00:11:35.376 先可以定義到我哋人類 00:11:35.400 --> 00:11:37.677 喺大自然結構中嘅位置 00:11:38.507 --> 00:11:41.169 咁我哋需要咁重新定義咩? NOTE Paragraph 00:11:43.692 --> 00:11:47.682 對我嚟講,唯一嘅真正答案係愛 00:11:49.261 --> 00:11:54.247 因為只有愛可以對抗羞恥 00:11:55.571 --> 00:12:00.499 咁點樣帶到更多嘅愛 去我哋同食物嘅連繫呢? 00:12:02.285 --> 00:12:06.065 對我嚟講,愛,好大程度上 00:12:06.089 --> 00:12:09.857 就係甘願去放慢 00:12:10.826 --> 00:12:14.193 用時間去感受、 00:12:14.217 --> 00:12:18.470 感應、傾聽、發問 NOTE Paragraph 00:12:19.704 --> 00:12:22.188 可以係傾聽我哋嘅身體 00:12:22.875 --> 00:12:29.587 飲食習慣、信仰、嗜好之下 00:12:30.188 --> 00:12:31.565 我哋嘅身體需要啲咩? 00:12:32.488 --> 00:12:36.497 愛可以用時間嚟研究呢啲信仰 00:12:37.159 --> 00:12:38.756 佢哋嚟自邊到? 00:12:39.586 --> 00:12:42.115 可以追溯到我哋童年 00:12:43.012 --> 00:12:44.719 細個嘅時候鍾意食咩 00:12:45.577 --> 00:12:47.107 又咩唔同咗 00:12:47.940 --> 00:12:53.038 可以用個靜謐嘅夜晚同長輩傾偈 00:12:53.062 --> 00:12:55.748 聽吓佢哋對食物嘅回憶 00:12:55.772 --> 00:12:58.697 或者幫佢哋手煮啲佢哋鍾意食嘅嘢 00:12:58.721 --> 00:13:00.162 然後一齊食 00:13:02.035 --> 00:13:06.251 愛可以係銘記 00:13:06.275 --> 00:13:08.433 人性係豐富嘅 00:13:08.457 --> 00:13:10.279 而食物選擇係多樣嘅 00:13:11.018 --> 00:13:14.782 愛可以係向人展示出尊重同好奇 00:13:14.806 --> 00:13:16.663 而唔係譴責 00:13:16.687 --> 00:13:20.375 當見到人享受緊一種好陌生嘅食物 00:13:22.344 --> 00:13:25.647 愛可以係用時間嚟發問、 00:13:26.591 --> 00:13:28.423 發掘更多資訊 00:13:28.447 --> 00:13:30.326 主動去連繫 00:13:31.233 --> 00:13:34.485 愛甚至可以靜靜咁喺弗因博斯散步 00:13:35.435 --> 00:13:39.775 睇吓有冇特定嘅一種植物同你講嘢 00:13:39.993 --> 00:13:41.159 會㗎 00:13:41.183 --> 00:13:42.793 佢哋成日都同我講嘢 NOTE Paragraph 00:13:44.940 --> 00:13:46.493 最重要係 00:13:46.517 --> 00:13:51.271 愛係相信呢啲小小嘅探索腳步 00:13:51.295 --> 00:13:54.812 都有可能帶領到我哋搵到更大 00:13:55.738 --> 00:13:58.605 有時仲有係好令人驚喜嘅答案 00:13:59.756 --> 00:14:02.981 有個當地賣藥嘅女人同我講過 00:14:03.005 --> 00:14:06.454 愛就係以地球媽媽最愛之子嘅身份 00:14:06.478 --> 00:14:08.859 喺佢身上行走 00:14:10.108 --> 00:14:14.866 並且堅信佢重視真誠之心 00:14:14.890 --> 00:14:17.044 知道佢會點樣指導我哋嘅每一步 NOTE Paragraph 00:14:17.808 --> 00:14:19.882 我希望今日有啟發到各位 00:14:19.906 --> 00:14:23.453 開始重新同你哋祖先嘅食物連繫 NOTE Paragraph 00:14:23.477 --> 00:14:24.936 多謝你哋傾聽 NOTE Paragraph 00:14:24.960 --> 00:14:27.141 (掌聲)